And wood processing. Use peat to generate electricity.
Convenient transportation, Moscow-Warsaw railway and expressway across the state. The population is1377000 (1981).
I. Overview
Brest is one of the six states in Belarus. Founded in 1939, this province is located in the southwest of Belarus, with an area of 32,700 square kilometers and a population of 1.5 million. Brest borders Poland in the west, Ukraine in the south and Grodno, Minsk and Gomel in Belarus. There are 16 regions, 20 cities, 9 villages and towns and 2 178 rural settlements in this state. Brest is an important town in the southwest of Belarus and the capital of Brest State with a population of 300,000. The city is located on the border between Belarus and Poland, where the Mu Javits River meets the Bug River. Its name comes from Belarusian, which means "white birch".
Brest is the gateway of western European countries, and it is at the crossroads of the east, west, north and south transportation hubs. There is the largest train interchange station in Eurasia Continental Bridge, with developed land and water transportation. It is not only a pearl on the Berlin-Warsaw-Brest-Minsk-Moscow transport corridor, but also a necessary place from Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, to Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. Brest Railway Hub is one of the largest railway hubs in Central Europe, which fully guarantees the transit transportation tasks of CIS and Western European countries to Moscow and St. Petersburg, and 80% of the goods exported by CIS countries to Western European countries pass through here.
"Brest Heroes Fortress" and "Belovezh National Forest Park" are also the symbols of Brest, so Belarus is famous.
Brest fortress is located at the border between Belarus and Poland, at the intersection of the Mu Javits River and the Bug River, 349 kilometers away from the capital Minsk. 1830 was built on the basis of the old town of Brest, which started as temporary work, and 1833- 1842 was converted into permanent fortifications. The fortress is located on four small islands divided by tributaries and rivers of Mujavits River and Buge River, and consists of central fortifications and three bridgehead. The central fortification is an annular closed two-story barracks with a length of 1.8km and a brick wall thickness of 2m. After the first world war, two more forts were built outside the fortress, and the fortress became stronger. Only a few relics have been preserved in this fortress. 1965438+On March 3, 2008, Soviet Russia, Germany and their allies signed the famous Brest Peace Treaty in the fortress, which won valuable "breathing space" for the new Soviet regime. 194 1 On June 22nd, 2008, German fascist troops began to attack the Soviet Union from here, and the Great Patriotic War began from Brest fortress. The Soviet troops stationed in Brest fortress, at a disadvantage, bravely resisted the German fascist army that came by surprise. After months of bloody fighting, almost all Soviet officers and men guarding the fortress were killed, which wrote an epic page in the history of the Great Patriotic War. 1965 Fortress was awarded the title of "Hero Fortress". Brest Heroes Fortress Memorial Complex was built in September of 197 1 2000 to commemorate the anti-fascist heroes. The scale and grandeur of this memorial complex ranks among the best in all similar buildings in Belarus. The bayonet obelisk in the main building is as high as 100 meters, and the statue of the soldier symbolizing the winner is as high as 33.5 meters. There is a central square in front of the main building monument.
With a total area of 6.5438+0.45 million hectares, the Broveges National Forest Park is the largest and oldest primeval forest reserve in Europe, which has been identified as a human heritage by UNESCO. The forest area has beautiful scenery and a wide variety of animals and plants, many of which are rare in the world. Summer is a holy place for tourism and holiday. The bison in the forest is the largest animal in Europe and rare in the world. The strong one is 3.5 meters long and 2 meters high, weighs 1000 kg, and has a life span of 25-30 years. In the village of Viskuli in the center of the Forest Park, there is the official residence of the former Soviet leader in the 1950s.199165438+On February 8th, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian leaders Yeltsin, kravchuk and Shushkevich signed the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, declaring that the Soviet Union no longer exists.
Two. Industry and economy
Brest has more than 330 enterprises, of which non-state-owned enterprises account for more than 65%. Its annual foreign trade volume reaches billions of dollars. Light industry, food industry and machinery manufacturing occupy a major position in the industrial system.
The output of industrial products in Brest accounts for 10% of the national output, and it has the only state-owned gas stove and lamp factory in China. The output of carpets, socks, wooden pressure plates and panels accounts for half of the national total output, while the output of coarse sugar and cheese accounts for one third of the national total output.
Brest also produces meat and dairy processing equipment, tableware, automatic production lines, forging and stamping equipment, radio products, AC motors, paints and pigments and many other products.
The main exporters include: joint venture, open joint-stock company Brestgasoapparat (producing gas stoves), closed joint-stock company Pinskdrev (producing furniture, laminated wood plastics, plywood and matches), Balanovici Machine Tool Factory Atlant (producing refrigerator compressors), Polesie (producing knitwear and yarns), Balanovici yarn cotton textile factory (producing yarn and primary color cloth), Zabinka sugar factory (producing white sugar), Pinske artificial leather factory (producing decorative leather and oilcloth) and Brest carpet factory (producing carpets and related products).
Brest's production potential can effectively increase production according to the demand of the consumer market. After stepping out of the economic downturn of 199 1- 1994, the production rhythm was obviously accelerated.
With the development of beet, flax fiber, vegetables and potatoes, Brest began to devote himself to the development of meat and milk animal husbandry. The annual output of beef and pigs in Quanzhou is 35,000 tons and 47,000 tons respectively. Overall, the country's production capacity has reached 250,000 tons of meat products and nearly one million tons of fresh milk, which can meet the country's demand for livestock products and export them.
Construction enterprises mainly produce lime, bricks, reinforced concrete building materials, ceramic plates and various non-metallic building materials.
Mikashevich has the largest granite producing area in China, producing building rubble, and Stalin is rich in clay minerals, producing bricks with frost resistance coefficient above 100. There are white clay mines in Mallory Tower area, with a reserve of about 500 million tons. Below the clay layer is a timely layer, which can be used to produce reinforced concrete and silicate concrete.
Brest has more than 500 foreign-funded enterprises. Brest Free Economic Zone was established in 1996. There are more than 90 enterprises registered in the free economic zone, 70% of which have foreign capital. Foreign capital mainly comes from Russia, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic and Italy.
Since1May, 998, Brest has been a member of the transnational organization "Europe's Bulgarive Region", and the Polish province of Lyublinski and the Ukrainian state of Wolinski are also members of this organization.
3. Brest Free Economic Zone
Brest Free Economic Zone was established by presidential decree of Belarus on March 20th, 1996. Because of its standardized and open policies and regulations, good infrastructure conditions and the characteristics of the bridgehead of trade with Europe, it has become the first choice for investment.
Brest Free Economic Zone has the following preferential conditions for attracting investment:
1, good investment environment and low tax.
2. Excellent geographical location, located in the center of the European continent, adjacent to the EU countries and facing the CIS market.
It has a huge transportation hub, and all modes of transportation can be used for logistics.
4. There is a unified customs zone with Russia, and there is a green channel leading to the market airports of all CIS countries.
5. Modern engineering transportation facilities.
6. Have a large number of high-quality talents and experienced workers.
7. Enterprises registered in the free economic zone have simple procedures and enjoy various taxes and preferential treatment (such as tax exemption for imported raw materials and equipment and tax exemption for exported finished products). ).
The "Brest" free economic zone covers an area of about 8,000 hectares and consists of three main parts:
In the first part, Kozlovic is the most important one, covering an area of 6,000 hectares. It is located in the northwest of Brest, along the border between Belarus and Poland, and the main cargo transportation lines from Europe to Russia and other CIS countries pass through here. It is one of the largest cargo ports on the eastern border of the European Union.
The second part "Airport", covering an area of 1.200 hectares, is located near the most important international highway E-30 Berlin-Warsaw-Brest-Minsk-Moscow, with Brest International Airport and a 2600-meter-long runway. With perfect infrastructure and developed road network, it is a good base for establishing and developing modern industry, public service industry and commerce.
The third part, with a total area of 65,438+0,565,438+0 hectares, includes five factories in Brest. These enterprises are located in the industrial zone of the city, and their production layout can save a lot of construction funds and time.
Investors in special economic zones come from 20 countries. Mainly: Russia -27%, Poland -23%, Germany-1 1%. The actual investment of enterprises in the park is about 500 million US dollars, and the number of employees is about10.5 million.
The analysis of enterprises in Brest Free Economic Zone shows that the industrial output value, export commodities and employment increase by an average of 20% every year.
Local production 1000 kinds of industrial products and other commodities, the most important ones are: furniture, seafood, meat, candy products, paint, enamel, natural gas, electricity, road construction machinery and equipment. Give priority to investing in high-tech radio electronics, engineering, medicine and automobile industries. Brest pays special attention to the export and import substitution industries in this economic zone.
Fourth, sports.
Brest established a well-developed sports infrastructure, which solved the problem of people learning sports and professional training. Among them, there are sports cities-rowing channel, indoor competitive stage, shooting range, Victoria gymnasium, baseball field, Brest gymnasium, chess checkers club, tennis court, swimming pool and skateboarding facilities. Brest has 2 sports and entertainment gymnasiums, 4 gymnasiums, 9 indoor swimming pools, 100 gymnasiums, 45 sports clubs and clubs. Brest has registered many national and international sports competitions and competitions. In September 2007, Brest became the venue of the first Eurasian Youth Games.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) history and culture
Today, Brest is the industrial center city of Belarus, an important transportation hub and cultural center with a long history and cultural tradition. 1942, Brest soldiers and civilians relied on the fortress to bravely resist the German fascist army that came from the raid and contained a large number of Germans in the fortress. The Germans could not attack for a long time, and almost all the officers and men guarding the fortress died heroically. 197 1 year, in order to commemorate the anti-fascist heroes, the memorial building complex of Brest Heroes Fort was built here, including the obelisk memorial board with a height of 100 meters, the open fire and the memorial hall for defending the fort. The active restoration and reconstruction of the 58-meter historic building has been endowed with the value of promoting history and culture. /kloc-there are 224 wooden architectural relics in the 0/3rd century, glass tents and concrete museums. The value of archaeology and ethnology is of great significance in the world.
Up to now, there are 16 clubs (3 cultural clubs, 5 associations and 8 other institutions), 4 art schools, drama, music, puppet shows, music lovers associations, 2 museums and 5 libraries in Brest.