Eight Beauties in Qinhuai

Eight Beauties in Qinhuai refer to eight talented prostitutes who left sad love stories on the banks of Qinhuai River in Nanjing in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

There are two versions of eight famous prostitutes in Qinhuai area in the late Ming Dynasty:

Gu Hengbo, Ma Xianglan, Li Xiangjun, Liu Rushi, Dong Xiaowan, Bian Yujing, Koumei, Zheng Tuoniang

Li Xiangjun, Li Zhenli, Wang Yuekou, Mei Chen Yuanyuan, Yang Wan and Wang Weiliu

Also known as "Eight Colours in Jinling". Gu Hengbo, Dong Xiaowan, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun, Koubaimen, Ma Xianglan and other six people were written in Banqiao Miscellanies by Yu Huai. Later generations joined Liu Rushi and Chen Yuanyuan, which is called Eight Brilliants.

The eight of them have several similarities. First of all, they all have patriotic national integrity. Apart from Ma Xianglan, all the people in the Eight Yan in Qinhuai experienced the great turmoil of regime change from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. At that time, many corrupt officials in the Ming Dynasty were afraid of death and betrayed their country for glory. In sharp contrast with them, Qin Huai Ba Yan, although a woman who was oppressed at the bottom of society, was able to show lofty national solar terms at the critical moment of national survival. Then, they have high attainments in poetry and painting. All eight of them can write poems and draw pictures, but most of them have been lost. Only Liu Rushi's works have been preserved. They are diligent in writing and try their best to express their feelings about life.

The Palace Museum once exhibited Ma Xianglan's long scroll of orchids, and Wuxi Museum also exhibited Dong Xiaowan's butterfly picture in Nanjing. The last point is that they are very loyal to love and friendship. Eight beauties in Qinhuai were forced to go to brothel. Who ever thought of such a life as a comedian? They all want to find a congenial Mr. Right for life, but their kindness always takes love and friendship as the criteria for choosing a spouse, but it has gone through ups and downs. This is certainly the tragedy of social women at that time, and it also reflects their own noble qualities.

at the end of the Ming dynasty, almost everyone knew about the eight beauties of Jinling, which was famous for its beauty and brilliance. At that time, there were more than a thousand literati who came here. The fate of many all-powerful historical figures is closely related to them. Beauty loves heroes, prostitutes love talents. Their splendor not only charmed ordinary people, but also fascinated many heroes and talented people, and even changed history.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qinhuai River was full of goulan tiles, singing and dancing, and singing all night. Among them, there are many brothels, full of dusty women's world, and it has become the most prosperous singing and dancing place in the Ming Dynasty. Many brothels take in virgins whose parents are dead and helpless. They taught him piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, poetry, singing and dancing. When it grows up, it will become a signboard in the brothel. Liu Rushi, Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing, Zheng Tuoniang, Gu Meisheng, Koubaimen, Chen Yuanyuan and Dong Xiaowan, the eight beauties in Jinling, were all cultivated by young prostitutes to become "stunning" in Qinhuai River.

Ba Yan is not only first-class in appearance and figure, but also proficient in poetry, song and dance. What is more commendable is that they care about world affairs, keep close contact with the writers of Fu She after Donglin Party, point out the mountains and rivers, and write passionately, so they really don't let their men down. Among them, Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing and Dong Xiaowan had an affair with Hou Fangyu, Fang Yizhi and Maoxiang, among the four sons of Jinling, which was described as a beautiful talk by contemporary people.

I'm afraid the Four Childes of Jinling played an important role in the literary world at that time. The complex society they founded is another important literary society with political color after Donglin Party. The four sons of Jinling are all famous families, and their poems and articles are first-class. Among them, Fang Yizhi was both civil and military and made many contributions to the Ming Dynasty. He was appointed as the Imperial Academy of Chongzhen Emperor. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he ran for the recovery of the Ming Dynasty, served as the official of Wang Dingwang in Nanming and the prime minister of Emperor Yongli. When it was a foregone conclusion that the Qing dynasty would unify the whole country, he actively prepared for anti-Qing and restoration activities. At that time, thousands of people longed for his name and defected, and his grandson Fang Bao was the originator of Tongcheng School.

Liu Rushi, Gu Meisheng, and Kou Baimen in the Eight Yan Dynasties all followed the famous historical officials in the late Ming Dynasty. After the Ming Dynasty's death, many people in Ba Yan were hunted down for political reasons. Chen Yuanyuan and Dong Xiaowan also appeared in the lives of all-powerful historical figures at that time.

At that time, Wu Sangui, a general in the late Ming Dynasty, was under the command of Li Zicheng, the king of Chuang. He controlled the Great Wall fortress and played a vital role in resisting the Qing soldiers. Chen Yuanyuan was presented to Wu Sangui with great favor. The two have deep feelings. Later, another of Li Zicheng's men will rob Chen Yuanyuan. Wu Sangui was infatuated with her, so he was furious: "I can't even protect a woman with heavy weapons in my hand!" When the general was angry, he became a beauty. Since then, Wu Sangui has turned against him. After all, the peasant army was hard to defeat the well-trained regular army. When the Qing army entered the customs, it was wiped out like a wind. Li Zicheng became a tragic hero in history. After the Qing Dynasty unified the world, Wu Sangui was named the King of Southwest Pan because of his high merit. If Chen Yuanyuan had not been robbed at that time, Wu Sangui would not have turned against each other, and it is still unknown whether there would really be a Great Qing Dynasty in history.

"The love between Dong Xiaowan and Emperor Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty is even more earth-shattering. When the Qing army entered the customs, Dong Xiaowan had married Maoxiang from Liangliang. Mao Xiang is one of the four sons of Jinling. He is rich in family wealth and his talent and appearance are impeccable. Dong Xiaowan could have spent his life happily and safely, and he didn't want to be partial to the soldiers of Tudor, the king of Yu, who went to the south of the Yangtze River. He has already heard of the name of Eight Colourful Flowers in Jinling. So he managed to trap and take Dong Xiaowan away. Later, Dong Xiaowan was dedicated to Emperor Shunzhi. Shunzhi's winning Dong Xiaowan is like winning a rare treasure, and he is really lucky. In half a year, he was canonized as Dong E Fei. At that time, I'm afraid it took at least three years for the average person to enter the palace and be named a concubine. Dong Xiaowan was made a princess within half a year, which is unique in Qing history. She doesn't care much about all this, but only cares about taking risks. This makes Shunzhi more fascinated by her and doesn't think about failure in state affairs. Dodo, the king of Yu, was afraid that Dong Xiaowan would wait for revenge after he found favor, so he attacked and framed her by playing for sourdrang dowager. Sourdrang dowager was finally moved, and Dong Xiaowan became a nun on the monkey. Dong Xiaowan was not so sad after becoming a nun, but she was quiet. However, it is difficult for Shunzhi Emperor to give up and miss him more and more. After her death, Shunzhi saw through the world of mortals and became a monk. A generation of kings did this, monks. If Dong Xiaowan had not been banished, how would the Qing history be played? "Emperor Shunzhi will naturally not become a monk."

This is a legend, which is not credible. Please see Dong Xiaowan's entry.

Jinling is full of splendor, and its fate is closely linked with that of the emperor. Behind many historical events, many strange and unusual behaviors of emperors and generals that are difficult for ordinary people to understand can be found in their fate. Heroes love beautiful women, and Jinling is extremely gorgeous!

1. Liu Rushi

Liu Rushi was a famous talented geisha who lived in the transition period of Ming and Qing dynasties. She was strong, upright and intelligent, with great courage, and her reputation was no less than that of Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing and Gu Meisheng. Liu Rushi's name is, the word is like this, the fine print is awkward, and his real name is love willow. Because he read Xin Qiji's words: "I see how charming the castle peak is, and I expect the castle peak to see me like this", so he named himself like this; Later, it was also called "Hedong Jun" and "Hong Wujun".

She was born in Jiaxing in the forty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. She was intelligent and eager to learn when she was young. However, due to her poor family, she was plundered and sold to Wujiang as a maid at an early age. When she was young, she fell into Zhangtai and changed her name to Liu Yin. She traveled between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jinling in troubled times. Because of her beauty and talent, she became a famous girl in Qinhuai. She left behind many anecdotes and literary manuscripts, such as Grass on the Lake, Wuyinzhuo and letters.

Liu Rushi was friendly with Zhang Bin and Chen Zilong, the leaders of the Southern Ming Society, and was congenial to Chen, but Chen was unfortunately defeated and died in the anti-Qing uprising. Liu's choice of husband is very demanding, and many celebrities have failed to marry her, and some only stay in the friendship stage. Finally, in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, when she was in her twenties, she married Qian Qianyi, the leader of Donglin, who was over half a century old and a famous bureaucrat. After Qian married Liu, she built a magnificent "Crimson Cloud House" and "Red Bean Pavilion" in Yushan, and the golden house was hidden in a charming place. Liu has a daughter after his death. Some "Dream of Red Mansions" believe that the crimson Yun Xuan designed by Cao Xueqin comes from the crimson cloud building of Liu.

When Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself and the Qing army occupied Beijing, a small court in Hong Guang was built in Nanjing, and Liu Rushi supported Qian Qianyi as the etiquette minister of Nanming. Soon the Qing army went south, and when Enemy at the Gates was there, Liu advised Qian to join him in the water to die. Qian was speechless in thought, and finally went down to the pool to try the water, saying, "It's too cold to go down.". Liu "tried his best to sink into the pool", but he gave Qian a hard hold. So the money was ashamed to meet it. Qian Jiangqing went to Beijing, but Liu stayed in Nanjing. Qian became an assistant minister of etiquette and a bachelor of Hanlin in the Qing Dynasty. Influenced by Liu's family, he resigned after half a year. Later, because of the case, I ate two lawsuits. Liu Rushi bribed him to be rescued from prison when he was ill, and encouraged him to contact Zheng Chenggong, Zhang Huangyan, Qu Shizhen and Wei Geng who were still resisting. Liu did her best to support and comfort the Qing rebels, which showed her strong patriotic national integrity. Qian Qianyi's demotion should have been criticized by later generations, but it was Liu Rushi's righteous deeds that diluted people's antipathy to him.

Yu Dafu recorded Liu Rushi's poem "I smell the room in spring" in "Miscellaneous Stories of Entertainment". As far as literary and artistic talents are concerned, she can be called "Eight Colourful Flowers in Qinhuai". After reading her poems, Chen Yinque, a famous scholar, felt "stunned" and admired Liu Rushi's "clear words and beautiful sentences". The Qing people thought that her letters were "more beautiful than the Six Dynasties, and she loved Ban Cai deeply". Liu is also proficient in temperament, long-sleeved and good at dancing, and her paintings are also famous. Her paintings are skillful and simple, and beautiful. Calligraphy won the admiration of later generations, calling it "an iron fist with a silver hook, and once collected the wonderful trace."

after Qian's death in p>1666, the villagers gathered to seize his real estate. In order to protect the property of Qian's family, Liu killed himself with silk. Although the villains were scared away, a generation of talented women ended their lives like this. After Liu's death, he was buried in Fushui Mountain Villa in Yushan.

Second, the famous Chen Yuanyuan

Chen Yuanyuan, a native of Kunshan, once lived in Qinhuai. Because of her superior color and art, she was even associated with major historical events, so the Qing Dynasty listed her as one of the "Eight Colours of Qinhuai". Chen Yuanyuan's original surname was Xing, Yuan, Yuan and Fang, and she was adopted by her foster mother Chen, so she changed her surname to Chen. She is beautiful in color, beautiful in flowers, good at singing and dancing, and the best in color and art.

In the last years of Chongzhen, the peasant uprising army in Li Zicheng threatened the imperial court, and Emperor Chongzhen was restless day and night. Zhou Kui, a consort of Jiading Bo, wanted to find a stunning beauty for the emperor, so as to relieve the emperor's anxiety, so he left Tian Fei's brother Tian Wan to find beauty in the south of the Yangtze River. After Tian Wan found Chen Yuanyuan, he was fascinated by his beauty and took it for himself privately. Soon Li Zicheng's team approached the capital, and Emperor Chongzhen called Shanhaiguan in Wu Sangui Town. Tian Tian was worried about the peasant uprising army all day, so he gave a grand banquet for Wu Sangui's farewell dinner, and Yuan Yuan led the chorus to perform in the hall. After seeing Yuanyuan, Wu Sangui was ecstatic and hugged Yuanyuan as a hostess. After drinking too much wine, the three patrolmen reported that it was protruding. Tian Yi stepped forward to Wu in fear and said, "What will happen if you arrive?" Wu Sangui said: "If you can see the gift with a round face, I will protect your family first." Before Tian Tian answered, Wu Sangui took Yuan Yuan's farewell speech. Wu Sangui persuaded his father, who was in charge of the imperial camp, to leave Yuan Yuan in the capital mansion to prevent his peers from causing trouble and let the emperor know.

after Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Wu Sangui's father surrendered to the insurgents, and Chen Yuanyuan was plundered by Li's men. When Wu Sangui promised to surrender to Li Zicheng, Wen Yuanyuan was occupied by Li Zhi's Ministry, and he was furious and shouted, "What can a gentleman do if he can't protect himself?" So he surrendered and the Qing army went to war with the peasant army. This is what Wu Meicun said in Yuan Yuan Qu: "Mourning all six armies, rushing to the crown and getting angry is a beauty"

After Li Zicheng's defeat, he killed all the father of Wu and 38 members of his family, and then left Beijing. Wu Sangui took revenge for killing his father and wife, and pursued the peasant army to Shanxi day and night. At this time, Wu's Ministry will search for Chen Yuanyuan in the capital city, fly and transmit, and lead Wu Sangui and Chen Yuanyuan from Qin to Shu, and then monopolize Yunnan. Wu was promoted to the title of Queen Yunnan, and Yuan Yuan wanted to be the real princess. Yuan Yuan excused her dismissal, but Wu Sangui didn't marry her. I don't want to be jealous of the princess I married, so I framed and killed Wu's love, and Yuanyuan lived alone in another hospital. After Yuan Yuan fell out of favor, she gradually turned away from Wu. Wu had conspired to kill her. When Yuan Yuan learned about it, she begged for a haircut and embroidered Buddha in Wuhuashan Huaguo Temple.

Later, Wu Sangui declared independence in Yunnan, and Emperor Kangxi sent troops to Yunnan. In the winter of 1681, the city of Kunming was broken. After Wu Sangui's death, Chen Yuanyuan drowned himself in the lotus pond outside the temple and was buried beside the pond after his death. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were still two frames of Chen Yuanyuan's small film in the temple, and Chi Pan left stone poems.

Third, Dong Xiaowan

Dong Xiaowan was one of the famous eight beauties in Qinhuai in the late Ming Dynasty. Dong Xiaowan, whose name was Bai, was called Violet, also known as the history of violet women. Her name and words were all due to her admiration for Li Bai. She is smart, witty, beautiful and graceful, and she is a first-class woman in Qinhuai Old Courtyard. Her beauty has caused a group of famous public officials and businessmen to fight against each other. But this dusty woman despises powerful people, juggles skillfully and struggles bravely. At the end of the Ming dynasty, one of the four talented people ventured across the border, rich in talent and charming, and they fell in love at first sight. Maobijiang is handsome in appearance and natural and unrestrained in manner. He is called "beautiful boy" and is a talented person in the society.

Xiaowan got along very well with the Maos after entering the Maos' gate. Ma Gong-ren (the mother of the frontier) and Su Yuanfang (the wife of the frontier) especially like Xiaowan, and Xiaowan is also very respectful and obedient, serving them more diligently than her maid. In their spare time, Xiaowan and Bijiang often sit in the study of the painting garden, splashing ink, enjoying flowers and tea, commenting on landscapes and identifying epigraphy. When Xiaowan first entered the family, he imitated Zhong You's post and Cao E's tablet, and wrote thousands of words every day, without typos or omissions.

Xiaowan once wrote small letters for relatives and friends instead of Bijiang. Once upon a time in Suzhou, Xiaowan had studied painting for a period of time, and she was able to draw a small bush of cold trees, and her pen and ink were touching. At the age of 15, she painted "The Butterfly Map", which is now collected in Wuxi Museum, with Xiaowan's inscription, two-sided stamp marks and poems highly praised by people close to her. Xiaowan's painting is rarely handed down from generation to generation, and it is a rare masterpiece. After arriving in Rugao, she kept a special interest in painting, and always exhibited new scrolls and scrolls or old collections at home.

the most impressive thing about Xiaowan is that she leads a romantic and beautiful everyday life. Xiaowan is indifferent by nature and doesn't like fat and sweet food. Cooking rice with a small pot of tea, accompanied by one or two dishes of watercress and fragrant black beans, is her meal. Bijiang likes sweets, seafood and smoked food. Xiaowan knows the taste of Bijiang, and the food she makes for Bijiang is fresh, clean and delicious, with various patterns. If the wine is brewed into dew, dozens of kinds of flower dew will be filled in white porcelain cups after drinking, not to mention tasting it with your mouth. The five colors floating and the strange fragrance overflowing are enough to quench your thirst. In terms of drinking tea, Xiaowan and Bijiang have the same hobby. They are often one person and one pot, silently facing each other before and after the flowers, savoring the color, fragrance and temperament of tea.

Xiaowan often studies recipes. When she sees a strange flavor, she goes to ask for its making method and makes it with her own clever hands. Tiger skin meat, which people often eat now, is the invention of Dong Xiaowan. Therefore, it also has a little-known name "Dong Meat". Although this dish is somewhat abrupt and beautiful, it is in harmony with Dongpo Meat. In addition, Xiaowan is also good at making candy. When she was in Qinhuai, she used sesame seeds, fried noodles, caramel, pine nuts, peach kernels and sesame oil as raw materials to make crisp candy, which was cut into cubes with a length of five points, a width of three points and a thickness of one point. This crisp candy was yellow outside and crisp inside, sweet but not greasy. People called it "Dong Tang", and now Yangzhou famous pastry is filled with fragrant Dong Tang (also called inch gold) Some people listed Dong Xiaowan and Yi Yin, Yi Ya, Taihe Gong, Shanzu, Fanzheng, Liu Niangzi, Song Wusao, Xiao Meiren and Wang Xiaoyu as