Shock absorption of school personnel
In school, what is most needed in the earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. In areas with medium and long-term earthquake prediction, students should be taught about earthquakes, prevention and shock absorption in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, we should arrange the route and venue for students to transfer and evacuate; After the earthquake, calmly direct the students to evacuate in an orderly manner. In a relatively solid and safe house, students who can hide under desks, beside platforms and in teaching buildings can go to small rooms supported by pipes, and students are not allowed to run around or jump off buildings.
When there is an earthquake, walk in the street to prevent electric shock.
When the earthquake occurred, the glass fragments of high-rise buildings and the concrete fragments outside the buildings, as well as advertising signs, tinplates, neon red light frames, etc. , may fall and hurt people. So when walking in the street, you'd better put your bag or soft things on your head, and you can also put your hands on your head when you are free. Try to be prepared for self-defense. To be calm, leave the telephone poles and fences quickly and run to a relatively open place to hide.
Workshop worker shock absorption
Workshop workers can hide under cars, machine tools and tall equipment, and don't panic and run around. Workers in special posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines in time, and close the operation equipment. Most people can leave the work site, and a few people can stay at the site to monitor the danger at any time under the premise of safety protection, deal with possible accidents in time and prevent secondary disasters.
Emergency shock absorption of running vehicles in earthquake.
(1) The driver should slow down as soon as possible and brake gradually;
(2) Passengers (especially on the train) should firmly grasp the handle, post or seat with their hands, and pay attention to prevent luggage from falling from the luggage rack and hurting people. People facing the driving direction should put their arms on the seat cushion in front, protect their faces, lean toward the passage, and protect their heads with their hands; People with their backs to the direction of driving should protect the back of their heads with their hands, raise their knees to protect their abdomen, tighten their bodies and take a defensive posture.
Emergency shock absorption of people in buildings during earthquakes.
Once an earthquake happens, keep a clear head, judge the vibration in time, and never jump off a building in a panic. Secondly, you can hide under solid furniture, or in a corner, or you can move to a kitchen, toilet and small room with many load-bearing walls for temporary shelter. Because these places have strong binding force, especially the pipeline has good supporting force and large seismic coefficient after treatment. In a word, according to the building layout and indoor conditions, we can evaluate the situation and find safe spaces and passages to avoid and reduce casualties.
Emergency shock absorption in the store during earthquake
The department store kept calm when it was hit by an earthquake. Due to the panic of people and the falling of goods, the refuge passage may be blocked. At this time, you should hide near big pillars and big commodities (avoid commodity display cabinets), or hide in an unobstructed passage, and then bend down and wait for the earthquake to subside. In the upstairs position, in principle, it is best to transfer to the ground floor. However, stairs are often the weak parts of buildings in earthquake resistance. Therefore, we must seize the opportunity to escape. Attendants should organize the masses to avoid nearby and evacuate safely after the earthquake.
Self-help after the earthquake
If you are buried under the ruins during the earthquake, your surroundings are dark and there is only a very small space. Don't panic, be calm, build up confidence in survival, and believe that someone will come to save you and do everything possible to protect yourself.
After an earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, and the situation may continue to deteriorate. In order to avoid new injuries, we should try our best to improve our environment. At this time, if you carry an emergency kit with you, it will play a great role in getting out of danger.
In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, we should protect the smooth breathing, remove the debris from the head and chest, and cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes when you smell gas and toxic gases; Avoid weak collapsed objects and other falling objects above the body; Expand the stable living space and support the ruins with bricks and sticks to prevent the environment from further deterioration after aftershocks.
Try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of danger, save your strength as much as possible, and beat something that can make a sound with a stone to send out a distress signal. Don't cry, don't be impatient, don't act blindly, it will consume a lot of energy and physical strength. Try to control your emotions or close your eyes and wait for rescuers to arrive. If you are injured, try to dress it to avoid excessive bleeding.
Sustain life. If you have been buried under the rubble for a long time, rescuers have not arrived, or you have not heard the distress signal, you must find ways to maintain your life. Water and food in the earthquake-proof bag must be stored, and ways should be found to find food and drinking water. Your urine can also quench your thirst if necessary.
Mutual rescue after earthquake
After the earthquake, it is impossible for the external disaster relief team to rush to the disaster relief site immediately. In this case, in order to let more people buried under the rubble get precious lives, people in disaster areas actively participate in mutual rescue, which is the most timely and effective way to reduce casualties, and also embodies the lofty virtue of "saving people from danger".
Timely rescue time, the greater the hope of being rescued. According to relevant data, the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 20 minutes after the earthquake is over 98%, and the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 1 hour after the earthquake is reduced to 63%. Among those who could not be rescued within two hours after the earthquake, 58% died of suffocation. They died not because the building collapsed in the earthquake, but because of suffocation. If they can be rescued in time, they can completely get life. Hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the ruins in Tangshan earthquake, and most of them were reborn through self-help and mutual help. The mutual aid action of the people in the disaster area has played an irreplaceable role in the whole earthquake relief.
Rescuing people quickly after the earthquake.
To save people after the earthquake, we should strive for the principles of fast time, accurate goals, proper methods and growing mutual aid teams. The specific approach is: first save the neighborhood, whether it is family, neighbors or strangers, don't go far; Save those who are saved first, so as to quickly expand the mutual rescue team; Save young adults and medical staff first, so that they can give full play to their role in disaster relief; Save "life" first, and then save "people" In Tangshan earthquake, a rural woman only showed her head to avoid suffocation, and then went to save another person, saving dozens of people in a short time.
A way to save lives
According to the actual situation of the post-earthquake environment and conditions, effective rescue methods should be adopted in order to safely rescue the buried people from the ruins.
Through understanding and searching, it is determined that there are buried people in the ruins, and then the buried position is judged, and the rescue signal is transmitted by shouting or knocking on the ruins.
During the rescue, special attention should be paid to the safety of the buried personnel. First, the tools used (such as iron bars, hoes, sticks, etc.). ) should not hurt buried personnel; Second, don't destroy the supporting conditions around the space where the buried personnel are located, causing new collapse and making the buried personnel in distress again; Third, communicate with the closed space of buried personnel as soon as possible, so that fresh air can flow to people. If the dust is too large during excavation, water should be sprayed to reduce dust to avoid suffocation of buried personnel; Fourth, if you are buried for a long time and it is difficult to rescue for a while, you can try to deliver drinking water, food and medicine to the buried people to maintain their lives.
Before the rescue operation, we should plan and step by step, and consider where to dig, where not to dig, where to use hoes and where to use sticks.
In the past, rescuers acted blindly, stepping on the roof above the buried person and crushing the buried person to death. Therefore, in the process of rescue, scientific analysis and action are needed to get good rescue effect, and blind action often causes new harm to the rescued object.
Rescue and nursing
First of all, the head of the buried person is exposed from the ruins, and the dust in the nose and mouth is removed to ensure smooth breathing. For those who are seriously injured and can't leave the burial site by themselves, try to carefully remove the buried objects on and around them, and then carry the buried people out of the ruins without forcibly dragging them.
For those who are hungry and cold, injured and suffocated, and buried for a long time, cover their eyes with dark cloth after being rescued to avoid strong light stimulation. According to the severity of the injury, the injured person shall be bandaged or sent to a medical point for emergency treatment.
Main points of shock absorption
Whether to run or hide during an earthquake, most experts in our country believe that it is a better way to avoid nearby during an earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. For shock absorption, you should choose a solid place indoors. Under (next to) objects that can cover your body, it is easy to form a triangular space, a small, supported place, and an open and safe place indoors.
The posture that the body should take:
Lie down, squat or sit down, try to curl up and lower your center of gravity.
Grab a solid object, such as a table leg.
Protect your head, neck and eyes, and cover your mouth and nose.
Avoid crowds, don't crowd around, and don't light open flames casually, because there may be flammable and explosive gases in the air.
School shock absorption
In class, under the command of the teacher, hold your head quickly, close your eyes and hide under the desk.
When you are in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down in place, protect your head with your hands, and pay attention to avoiding tall buildings or dangerous objects.
Don't go back to the classroom
Evacuation should be organized after the earthquake.
Never jump off a building! Don't stand outside the window! Don't go to the balcony
Classes should be held outdoors when necessary.
Family shock absorption
The earthquake warning time is short, and the indoor shock absorption is more real, and the triangular space formed after the collapse of indoor houses is often a relatively safe living place for people, which can be called shock absorption space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports.
Indoor triangular space is easy to form:
Under the edge of the kang, close to solid furniture;
Root and corner of interior wall;
Kitchen, bathroom, storage room and other small places.
Shock absorption in public places
Listen to the instructions of the field staff, don't panic, don't rush to the exit, avoid crowding, avoid crowds, and avoid being pushed to the wall or fence.
In theatres, gymnasiums, etc:
Squat down on the spot or under a row of chairs;
Pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans;
Protect your head with a schoolbag, etc.
After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc.:
Choose solid counters and commodities (such as low furniture, etc.). ) or pillars, and squat down in the inner corner, and protect your head with your hands or other things; Avoid glass doors and windows, glass windows or counters; Avoid tall and unstable shelves or shelves with heavy objects and fragile items; Avoid tall or hanging objects, such as billboards and chandeliers.
In a moving electric (automobile) vehicle:
Grasp the handrail to avoid falling or bumping; Lower your center of gravity and hide near your seat.
Don't get off until the earthquake has passed.
Outdoor shock absorption
Field selection of outdoor shock absorber;
Squat or get down to avoid falling;
Don't run around and avoid crowded places;
Don't go back indoors casually.
Avoid tall buildings or structures:
Buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls;
Crossing bridges and overpasses;
Under tall chimneys and water towers.
Avoid dangerous objects, towering or hanging objects:
Transformer, telephone pole, street lamp, etc. ;
Billboards, cranes, etc.
Avoid other dangerous places:
Narrow streets;
Dangerous old houses, dangerous walls;
Under the parapet, high gate face and awning;
Bricks, wood and other things piled up.
How to save yourself after a strong earthquake
1, after the earthquake, you should actively participate in the rescue work, you can stick your ear on the wall and listen to whether there are survivors.
2. Expose the head of the injured person first and keep breathing smoothly. If suffocation occurs, give artificial respiration immediately.
3. Once buried, try to avoid unstable collapsed objects above your body and try to support the rubble with bricks and wooden sticks. To strengthen the environment.
The earthquake happened in an instant, so anyone should save himself before saving others. First save the easy, then save the difficult; First save near, then save far.
How to identify earthquake rumors
1. To correctly understand the actual level of earthquake prediction at home and abroad, the medium-and long-term predictions made by human beings have certain credibility at present, but the success rate of short-term and imminent predictions is still relatively low.
2. It needs to be clear that in China, the authority to issue earthquake prediction lies with the government, and no other unit or individual has the right to issue earthquake prediction news. Treat earthquake rumors, don't believe them, don't spread them, and report them in time.
3. Learn the common sense of earthquakes and eliminate the fear of earthquakes.
4. Don't believe in rumors and snap up blindly.
When a big earthquake comes, experts suggest that family members should master three principles:
Principle 1: Make the right choice according to local conditions. During the earthquake, everyone's environment and conditions are very different, and the way of shock absorption can't be the same, which needs specific analysis. These conditions include: whether to live in a bungalow or a building, whether the earthquake occurred during the day or at night, whether the house is strong, whether there is room for shock absorption indoors, how far away you are from the door, and whether it is open and safe outdoors.
Principle 2: act decisively and never hesitate. The success of the shock absorber is at a critical juncture, and we must not hesitate before and after. If you live in a bungalow, you should act decisively, or take refuge nearby, or go out in an emergency, and don't rush back and forth.