1, the strategic choice of enterprises, that is, how to choose industries or projects with their own advantages and good market space, so as to avoid low-level redundant construction and plunge themselves into passive vicious competition.
2, the adjustment and change of enterprise management mode, or the choice and construction of enterprise profit model. What kind of business model to adopt is not a simple form, it is related to the growth of professional quality and ability.
3. The modernization of enterprise organizational structure, the traditional organizational structure has become an important factor affecting the development of enterprises, which is likely to make enterprises miss the opportunity of development.
4. Development and progress of science and technology. The competition of enterprises, in the final analysis, is still the product talking. Without the progress of science and technology, the development of enterprises will lack a solid foundation.
5. Training and use of talents. In the final analysis, the profit of an enterprise is still the role of talents. Without good executive talents, it is also empty talk to have a good profit model. Talent is the most important supporting link in the industrial chain of enterprises, and we must attach great importance to it.
How to calculate the profit and loss of an enterprise
Profit and loss of an enterprise = operating income (such as income from selling goods)-operating costs (such as cost of producing products)-business taxes and surcharges-sales expenses (such as salary of sales staff and advertising expenses)-management expenses (such as salary of managers and daily expenses of management departments)-financial expenses (such as loan interest)+investment income (such as income from buying stocks)+gains and losses from changes in fair value (such as price increase of investment real estate)+
Types of enterprise profits
1. Operating profit: the operating profit of an enterprise is the balance of its main business income (turnover) after deducting the purchase cost of materials or commodities, personnel salary, equipment wear and depreciation, business tax, additional and increased investment income and net income from changes in fair value.
2. Corporate financial profit (investment profit): it is the difference between long-term investment income and short-term financing income and related expenses of an enterprise, reflecting the economic benefits of various financial activities such as long-term investment and short-term lending.
3. Non-operating profit: it is the difference between non-operating income and expenditure, reflecting the difference between non-operating income and expenditure of enterprises.
4. Total profit: it is the final result of all aspects of the production and operation of the enterprise, a comprehensive reflection of the economic benefits of the main business, other businesses, foreign investment and non-operating businesses of the enterprise, and also the main basis for us to analyze the profitability, investment benefits and profit distribution of the enterprise.
What are the profit and loss models of enterprises?
(A) profit model
1, product yield
Most enterprises are adopting this model, but enterprises that rely on products to make profits generally rely on reducing their own costs and prices to have great competitiveness in the market!
For example, we are familiar with Uniqlo, IKEA, grandma's house and so on! These enterprises are all profitable by products, and they all have one common feature, that is, the price is cheap and the products are not bad! In short, it is value for money and cost-effective!
2. Brand profitability
The ideas of brand profit and product profit are completely different. Brand profits sell not products, but brand added value!
For example, the boss of LV once said: I never resist A goods, because these customers who buy A goods will definitely come to us to buy a genuine product when they have money!
3. Model profit
The so-called model profit is actually making money that you can't see. For example, WeChat, a software with a billion users, is actually free! But you can make money from games and advertisements in the future. For example, Xiaomi, mobile phone, TV and other hardware don't make money, but you can make money by APP, advertisement, paid VIP and so on.
4. System profitability
Maybe everyone knows Hanting, but maybe everyone doesn't know that Hanting, Home Inns and Ctrip are the bosses. The success of Hanting is a typical case of system profit, which can also be called integrated profit. First of all, we all know that Ctrip has gained a huge number of users by booking hotels and air tickets cheaply and conveniently. Secondly, we also know that the chain mode of Home Inns makes the hotel have a standardized management process. Therefore, at this time, he can hold a huge Ctrip user, talk with Home Inn's standardized hotel management system, and talk with any private hotel with unsatisfactory operation. As a result, many hotels finally joined Zhu Hua Group and changed their doors and LOGO. For Hanting, they only provide users and systems.
5. Rent collection profit
Also known as patent profit. For example, Huawei, if foreign countries want to use 5G technology, they have to pay Huawei. Another example is Qualcomm, where all mobile phone manufacturers produce any mobile phone, and Qualcomm is profitable. This profit model is also reflected in copyright and copyright.
6. Profitability of resources
Resource profit, also known as monopoly profit, is generally a way for you to master some core resources! For example, Dong 'e Ejiao, in order to monopolize the Ejiao market, Dong 'e Ejiao holds 80% of the country's donkeys in its own hands, and its peers cannot compete.
7. Financial profit
Many Internet companies have a large number of users and a large number of transactions. If these transaction funds are spent on one platform, they can actually achieve financial profitability. For example, Alipay, such as WeChat payment, such as Jingdong Finance and so on.
8. Ecological profit
It can also be considered as a national profit. In the past, many people used their own money to do their own things, but today you will find that many internet giants are integrating, acquiring and investing in well-known brands in various industries. Those who are interested can go and have a look. Many well-known brands actually have shares in Internet giants! This has formed an ecology, that is, you play games today, and I also have income; Today you watch movies, and I also have income; You go to dinner today, and I have income, too? This forms an ecological circle.
(2) Loss mode
1, pursuing performance growth and ignoring profit growth.
In the daily investigation and consultation, the author found that the leaders of many manufacturing enterprises are often very concerned about the scale, technical equipment, production capacity and sales volume of enterprises, but when they know the core issue of profit, they shake their heads again and again, and there is no 3% profit.
Lack of service will reduce profits.
The excellent service of many enterprises is just a cover. Once you find a service person by phone, you can't answer clearly. I don't know. It has nothing to do with me, especially in the hotel catering industry. Employees in some enterprises may lack corresponding training and supervision, and some even think that service work is inferior. This mentality and concept lead to the loss of a large number of customers because of poor service, and the decline of turnover and profit becomes inevitable.
3, product defects give up profits
The products of many enterprises are of good quality, but some easily perceived details are ignored. For example, a well-known juice beverage, all kinds of juices occupy the best position in the supermarket shelves, but the products packaged in PET have * * * similarity, and the bottle cap is difficult to open, especially a 10% orange juice beverage, which has a large bottle mouth, but it takes a lot of effort to open the bottle cap, because of the product packaging problems, it is difficult to sell it quickly.
4. Launch price wars, advertising wars and promotion wars at will to burn money.
It is common for market economy to launch price wars, advertising wars and promotion wars. However, many enterprises turn tactical behavior into daily behavior, bombarding advertisements for a long time and plunging prices. Once the advertising frequency is slightly reduced, the terminal goods will be unsalable. Once the promotion period is over, there will be no sales for several months. Therefore, the above-mentioned behaviors continue to promote sales, and enterprises are caught in such a vicious circle. Every time they see the high advertising and sales expenses on the financial statements, as well as the reduction or even loss of profits, they are at a loss.
5, inventory backlog, devouring profits.
Many enterprises have good sales and profits, but due to the obvious off-season, they bring a lot of inventory, such as air conditioners, down jackets, blankets, home textiles, cold drinks and so on. Undigested inventory takes up a lot of money and cannot be put into reproduction. This profit is actually only on the books. In order to digest the stock, discount at all costs. Even so, there are still a lot of overstocked goods that cannot be digested. For example, although a down jacket enterprise has sales of more than 2 billion, it also has perennial inventory. Between production and demand, whether the product itself is marketable or not affects the profitability of the enterprise.