Because the ancestors of the Tu family lived next to Tu Shui, they took water as their surname. The descendants of Tu's family all take water as their surname, which has been passed down. At the same time, it has also set a precedent for China's surname. Tu family, which originated from Tushui River Basin, quickly became a local prosperous family by virtue of the fertile land in Tushui River Basin. Moreover, in a few generations, it appeared in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, ranking above other local surnames and laying a solid foundation in Nanchang. For more than two thousand years, Tu surname, like other surnames, has migrated from the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River, where it originated, to all parts of the country. It is understood that at present, Tu surnames are mainly distributed in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions such as Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Tibet and Taiwan Province, especially in Jiangxi Province (formerly Yuzhang) Most of the Tu surnames in the neighboring provinces of Jiangxi moved in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The population of Tu surname in Jiangxi (Yuzhang County) is concentrated, and it has become a county leader, which originated from Tuqin, the new marquis of Wu in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tu Qin was recognized as "the first ancestor of Jiangnan" by the descendants of Tu surname. Tu Qin Tu Qin, the ancestor of Tu surname in the south of the Yangtze River, was born in Shouchun (now Shouxian County) in Huainan, Anhui Province in 246 AD (that is, the eleventh year of Liu Chan Yanxi, the late ruler of Shu and Han Dynasties) and died in 337 AD (that is, the third year of Emperor Sima Yan's reign in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), at the age of 91, and he was loyal to the military. It was buried in the southwest of Tufang Village, Xiushi Town, fengcheng city City, Jiangxi Province, which was originally called "Houmugang" in the 32nd map of Nanxiang, Fengcheng County. Tu Qin's life story and family situation have not been seen so far. According to the records of Tu's genealogy in various places, Tu Qin is the 76th generation grandson of Tu's surname Pu Gong. Born in the Han dynasty, his great-grandfather Tu Yun. Han dynasty Confucian scholar, once a doctor of advice; Grandfather Tu Meng, a former driver in Jingzhou; Father Tu Chaoyu, a former prefect of Jinan. Tu Qin was born in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the war-torn Eastern Han Dynasty, and Shouchun, Huainan, where the Qin office was located, was the hardest hit area in the Central Plains that was plagued by war and disasters. His childhood and youth were spent in extremely harsh environment. In the year when he was nearly seventy years old (in July of the first year of Jianwu in Si Marui, the Yuan Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty), he was named as the new marquis of Wu (the new marquis of Wu and the Western Han Dynasty belonged to Haizhun County, which belonged to Yuzhang County, and the Eastern Han Dynasty set up the new Wuxian County, and the Southern Tang Dynasty changed to Fengxin County in the Five Dynasties, which is now Fengxin County in Jiangxi Province). It was awarded the title of Hou according to the letter of seal of Hou issued by Si Marui, Yuan Di: "Poke the troops to March in the array, move the officials to the south, make contributions to the neighbors and preserve the country". Since Qin Gong left the town of Yuzhang and was awarded the title of the new marquis of Wu, and his family's descendants moved across the river to settle in Yuzhang, Qin Gong's three generations of grandparents and grandchildren were brilliant, and Tu's surname became a famous family in the local area, which was looked up to by the world. Yu Zhang became the county magistrate of Tu surname. Is a noble and glorious family in a county; County surname does not refer to all surname families in a county, but refers to a famous family name in a county. This is the case that Yuzhang became the county magistrate of Tu surname. In the history of gathering place (migration and distribution), some historians also suggested that Tu family did not originate from Jiangnan and had nothing to do with Tuhe River, but moved from the Central Plains. Pointed out: "Department of Tu Shanshi. Tuqin, the new marquis of Wu in Jin Dynasty, crossed the south of the Yangtze River to Henan and was the ancestor of Tushi in the southeast. " (See Annotation on Genealogy of Surnames) The "Tu Shanshi" referred to here is probably the name of a warlord in ancient times. According to the Records of the Emperor Century, Xia Yu once married Tu Shanshi's daughter, which can also be seen as a name, not a real name. There are different opinions about the place where Tu Shanshi lived at that time. "Zuo Zhuan mourned for the public for seven years": "Yu He was a vassal in Tu Shan," which is now on the east bank of Xihuai River in Bengbu City, Anhui Province. Biography of Yue Jueshu: "Tu Shan is the mountain where Yu married. Go to the county five miles, "the original straight in the northwest of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province today. However, it is referred to in the "Unified Records of the Qing Dynasty" as Anhui today. This statement was widely accepted by later generations. According to "Tu Shanshi", Tu's surname can be traced back to the time of Dayu more than 3,111 years ago. In this way, Tu's surname is also a long-standing surname in China. Unfortunately, there is a lack of more detailed historical records. Tu's surname originated in Tu Shanshi, and Tu Shanshi's active area is mainly in the western part of Bengbu, Anhui Province, which is the main birthplace of Tu's surname, as mentioned above. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Tu's surname was hard to find in the history books. In the Western Han Dynasty, only Tu waved in the history books, and from then on to the Song Dynasty, Tu's surname fell silent again. According to "Hundreds of Surnames in Counties" and "Textual Research on Surnames", there are two surnames in Tuwang County, one is Nanchang County, and the other is Yuzhang County. In fact, there is no difference between the two, but it shows that from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, Tu surname once flourished in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province for a long time. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there was a celebrity in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Nanchang belonged to the Southern Tang Dynasty. Because of the numerous vassal States, it seems impossible to move abroad on a large scale. After the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, due to the reasons of being an official and making a living, it gradually spread to the neighboring provinces in the south of the Yangtze River, and people with Tu surname lived in Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu. At the same time, in the northern provinces, Tu people are gradually scattered. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang led his troops to fight against Yuan Dynasty in Jiangxi. In the second year of Jingyan (1275), Yuan Marshal Li Heng raided Wen Tianxiang's base camp, and Wen was defeated in panic. His wife and staff were all captured by the Yuan Army, and the soldiers and staff were caught by the fire. Jiangxi Tu's surname was destroyed several times, and many fugitives went to neighboring provinces. When the society was stable, many Tu people moved back to their old places. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Wenjian, the fourth scholar of Tu Qin (not the new Wu Hou Tu Qin of the Eastern Jin Dynasty), was appointed by the township scholar as the oracle of Sui 'an, so he lived in Jianyi. His third generation, Sun Huibao, moved to Ningyi's official residence. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tu's surname was more widely distributed, reaching Liaoji in the north, Guangdong and Guangxi in the south, Yunnan and Guizhou in the southwest, and Fujian and Taiwan in the east. Today, most of the Tu surnames are in Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces, which account for about 81% of the total population of the Han nationality in China. In addition, Liaoning, Sichuan, Anhui and other provinces also use more surnames. Among them, such as Tieling in Liaoning, Chengdu in Sichuan, Chongqing, Changsha in Hunan, Wuhan in Hubei, Jingzhou, Xiaogan, Huainan in Anhui, Yuxian in Hebei, Cangzhou, Tanghe and Mengjin in in Henan, Wuqing in Tianjin, Dongping in Shandong, Taiyuan in Shanxi, Wengyuan in Guangdong, Longchuan in Yunnan, Shiping and other places, there are Tu surnames. Tu surname is the 143rd surname in China. According to the data of the fourth population census in China in 1991, the Han population accounts for 91.96% of the total population in China, and Tu surname accounts for about 1.84% of the Han population in China, that is, nearly 1 million people. 1. The descendants of Tu Qin in Jiangxi Province have prospered in Yuzhang, especially since Tu Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and have become prominent families in Yuzhang. Tu Lian, the word Xi Yuan, number Xu Zhai. The eighteenth grandson of Qin Gong. During the period of ascending Yuan Dynasty in the Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 973), he was appointed as the commandant of Nanchang County, and wrote notes on Yu Zhang. He is the ancestor of Tu surname in Nanchang. His descendants, distributed in Nanchang County, Xinjian County, Jinxian County, Anyi County, Fengxin County and various towns and villages in fengcheng city, became densely populated areas with Tu surname. Up to now, all towns and villages in Nanchang County have natural villages where Tu people live in compact communities, and some towns and villages have as many as five or six villages where Tu people live in compact communities. According to the Records of Nanchang County in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, there are about 111 natural villages in Nanchang County where Tu family lives (not including: Wazi Lane, Chixiang, Huagang, Taohuatang, Zhu Gu Xiang, Tubaofang, Tucheng Port, Tucheng and Tufu). In Xinjian County, there are 11 townships and towns inhabited by Tu surnames and 23 natural villages. There are 15 townships and towns inhabited by Tu surname and 39 natural villages in fengcheng city. There are 42 natural villages with Tu surname in Gao 'an County; There are 12 field towns and 71 natural villages in Fengxin County. As a result, Tu surname became a noble family in Nanchang. Villages inhabited by Tu surname in Jiangxi are distributed in many counties (cities) in the whole province. As known, The following counties (cities) in Jiangxi have natural villages with a population of Tu surname: Xinjian, Jinxian, Anyi, Fengxin, Fengcheng (city), Jing 'an, Gaoan (city), Yifeng, Qingjiang, Wanzai, Fenyi, Shanggao, Yongxiu, Duchang, Ruichang (city), Jiujiang, Xiushui, Guixi, etc. Nanchang, as one of the famous settlements of Tu's surname, in order to communicate with each other, Tu Ding, a native of Nanchang, proposed to build a public shrine in Nanchang in the fourth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, named "Tu's Ancestral Shrine", which is the "general shrine" of Tu's surname in Nanchang. It is located in Xiyuting Street, which is under the jurisdiction of Xihu District of Nanchang, with an area of about 311 ~ 511 square meters and is managed by special personnel. After liberation, this ancestral hall was changed into a street processing factory (a small wooden box for processing postal items). After the Cultural Revolution, the factory was closed and turned into a residential building. In the 21st century, the temple was demolished and converted into a commercial building, which is now the location of the "Qunying Hotel". The last administrator of the Tushi Ancestral Hall in Nanchang was an elderly woman named Tu, who disappeared after the Cultural Revolution. Tu's genealogy originally existed in the ancestral hall. After numerous political movements after liberation, those precious genealogies may have disappeared. Lichuan Tu's surname is Lichuan, in the southeast of Jiangxi Province, near Shaowu, Fujian. This county has a large population of Tu surnames. According to the county records, there were 125 surnames in this county in the Qing Dynasty, among which the leading surnames were Tu, Deng, Huang and Liu. During the Republic of China, there were 144 surnames in the county, including 21 surnames such as Tu, Lu, Yang and Huang. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of Hakka people moved in, and the county's surname was 275, among which the leading surnames were still Huang, Li, Tu and Deng. At present, the most natural village where Tu's population lives in one place is the "Hengjiang Tujia" in Lianxu Township, Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province. In addition to more than 14,111 people who have migrated from various places, there are still more than 1,711 households and more than 6,111 people in this village, who make a living by farming and fishing locally. It can be called "the first village in the world" with Tu surname in China. The Tujia family in Hengjiang was a branch from Yihuang County, Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, and was a descendant of Yungong.

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