Liuzhou celebrity:
A generation of literary giant Liu Zongyuan
There are Liu Hou Temple and Liu Hou Tomb in Liu Hou Park, which were built by Liuzhou people to commemorate Liu Zongyuan, a famous thinker, writer and politician in China more than 1000 years ago.
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), a native of Hedong (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was known as Liu Hedong. Because of his outstanding achievements in Liuzhou secretariat, he died here, and the world is also called Liu Liuzhou. As a teenager, he studied hard and was brilliant. His articles became very famous. During Yong Zhenyuan's reign (AD 805), he joined the reform school headed by Wang. He was promoted to foreign minister, responsible for etiquette and other government affairs. The reform measures include cracking down on the autocratic power of eunuchs and the arrogance of buffer regions, abolishing corrupt officials and some exorbitant taxes. But this struggle to reform corrupt politics was stifled by conservative forces. Reformist leader Wang
Uncle Wen was killed, Wang Lai was forced to death, and eight innovative figures, including Liu Zongyuan and poet Liu Yuxi, were demoted to border state Sima respectively, which is known as the "Two Kings and Eight Sima Events" in history.
Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou (now Yongzhou City, Hunan Province) for ten years. During this period, he wrote many poems, expressed his love for life, pinned his feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and attacked ignorant and backward thoughts and social phenomena. There are fables that satirize the darkness of society and exhort the world, such as Donkey of Guizhou, biographies that praise the working people and expose tyranny, poems that describe the local landscape and natural scenery in detail, such as Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, poems that reflect the sufferings of farmers, such as Tianjia, and some philosophical papers that criticize the superstitious thoughts of "destiny" and "divine right of monarch".
In August15, Liu Zongyuan was transferred to Liuzhou secretariat. When I arrived in Liuzhou, I boarded the tower, overlooking the beautiful mountains and rivers, thinking of my demoted colleagues, and felt that the refugees in China were in a difficult situation and had a heavy heart. He wrote the poem "Going to Long Ta to Send to Zhangzhou, Feng Ting and Lianzhou".
At this time, he was sickly and came to a remote and backward minority settlement, and his spirit was not depressed. He recited a poem: "From now on, it's not the same thing to worry about. How can China wait for the fleeting time?" Determined to do practical things for Liuzhou people and not let the years pass. With deep sympathy and intimacy, he deeply observed and understood the living habits of ethnic minorities. A vivid description is made in the poem, such as "Liuzhou Cave for Self-protection":
The county town is connected to Tianjin in the south of the city, and the clothes are not amiable.
Salt-wrapped green bread belongs to the cave guests, and green boiled rice takes advantage of the crowd.
Goose feathers are made of wax to sew mountain points (Kyrgyzstan, wool felt), and chicken bones worship the Year of Water God.
I am anxious for the court to retranslate and want to vote for Zhang Fu's composition.
Mountain people wrap bamboo leaves with salt, rice with lotus leaves to satisfy hunger, and clothes made of goose feather fur to keep out the cold; Chicken bone divination asks whether the year will be good or bad, and worships the water god in case of drought. All this made him feel novel. Because of the language barrier, he came up with the idea of living and learning languages in order to bridge the gap with them.
In his second month in Liuzhou, Liu Zongyuan restored the Confucius Temple and strongly expressed his desire to develop local culture and education in his inscription. He is very knowledgeable, enlightening people to read and write, and Liuzhou's cultural atmosphere is greatly open. Today, scholars in Hunan often travel thousands of miles to Liuzhou to worship him as a teacher. While improving people's cultural knowledge, he should also reform backward customs that hinder production. At that time, Liuzhou still had the bad habit of superstitious witchcraft. When he was ill, he asked the wizard to slaughter animals, large and small, to sacrifice to God. If he is ill, he thinks that God will not let him live, so he goes on a hunger strike and waits for death. Because of the high mortality rate, fewer cattle and less arable land, Liu Zongyuan enlightened them with the Buddhist concept of banning killing and medical knowledge. There is also a bad habit: the poor borrow usury, and if they can't pay it back at maturity, they will become slaves forever. Liu Zongyuan made a rule: those who become slaves due to debts can be redeemed if they can pay their debts, and those who can't pay their debts can be paid according to their working hours. If the payment is offset by the debt, the identity of the handmaiden will be cancelled. This has alleviated the suffering of many oppressed and enslaved people. Following his example, the states in northern Guangxi and eastern Guangxi liberated thousands of indebted handmaiden within one year. In Biography of Children's Area, Liu Zongyuan warmly praised Liuzhou Zhuang Shepherd's Children's Area Post at the age of1/kloc-0, bravely defeated two robbers who seized themselves by violence and sold them as slaves, and profoundly exposed the ugly social phenomenon of local looting and selling handmaiden.
Liu Zongyuan attaches great importance to planting trees in Liuzhou. He personally planted two hundred citrus trees in the northwest of the city, and wrote the poem "Planting Citrus Trees in the Northwest of Liuzhou City":
I personally planted 200 Huang Gan plants, and in spring, new leaves spread all over the city.
Fang Tongchu pitied Imperial Tree and didn't learn from Limu slave in Jingzhou.
How old are you?
If you wait until the day of the forest, you will taste as good as the old man.
He said, unlike Governor Heng Li of Wu Dongdan Yang, planting oranges is only for his own future generations, but for the benefit of the local public. I also appreciate the orange tree's unswerving character like Qu Yuan. In the title of "Planting Liuxi", he humorously wrote: "Liuzhou Liuci History, Planting Liuhe River". In Jiang Nanan, we also organized manpower to plant 30,000 bamboo poles, opened up hundreds of vegetable fields and cultivated several acres of land.
At that time, residents were superstitious about ghosts and gods and dared not break ground to dig wells, so they had to go to the river to get water. The river bank is steep and difficult to walk, and it is windy and rainy, which is even worse. Liu Zongyuan used public funds to recruit people to dig wells, which not only solved the difficulty of water use, but also broke the superstitious habits. During the drought, according to the regulations of the imperial court, he also went to Dalongtan to pray for rain. This is not to advocate superstition, but to perform the duties of a local governor. However, this practice of leading the social contradictions caused by drought to "providence" is not worth taking.
After several years of hard work, the appearance of Liuzhou has changed a lot, the population has increased, the city streets have been renovated, new houses have been built, new ferries have been added everywhere, the pond gardens are clean and tidy, and pigs, cows, chickens and ducks are fat. Compared with the chaotic situation where thieves were everywhere when Liu Zongyuan first arrived in Liuzhou, people's lives were much more stable.
Liu Zongyuan loves the people of Liuzhou and the natural scenery of Liuzhou. He visited the Liujiang River and nearby peaks, and wrote a book "Travel Notes of Liuzhou Mountains and Waters", which has the characteristics of geography and travel notes. He wrote about Mount Emei, Mount Jiahe, Pingshan and Dalongtan. He boarded Ma 'anshan and Li Yufeng and gave a vivid and detailed description of Xianyiyan and other places of interest. He also built the East Pavilion suitable for viewing by the Liujiang River outside the south gate of the city, turning a barren land into a scenic spot with beautiful environment. He put his anxiety into the description of Liuzhou's peculiar landscape and wrote a well-known poem. For example, "Good Early Seeing the Mountain with Master and Sending Friends to Beijing":
Ying Chao on the sea is like a sword, cutting people's sadness in autumn everywhere.
How can we turn this body into tens of millions, scattered to the heads of state's homes to see!
In the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (AD 8 19), Liu Zongyuan died in Liuzhou. People obeyed his will and parked his spiritual fulcrum next to the Luochi he loved when he was born. He is an honest official. After his death, orphans and widows had a hard life, and the funeral expenses were raised by friends before their death. His spiritual fulcrum was transported back to Wannian County, Chang 'an. Liuzhou people built a tomb for him in the original Lingshu, and built Luochi Temple (now called Liu Hou Temple) beside Luochi to commemorate him. Liu Zongyuan was named Hou in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Linggong in the Yuan Dynasty, and the temple was rebuilt by Liu Daochang. The stone statue of Liu Zongyuan has been preserved in the temple for 700 years.
Although Liu Zongyuan's ambition of caring for people's livelihood and reforming corrupt politics has not been realized, he is strong-willed and struggles for life. Under difficult circumstances, he created brilliant achievements with outstanding talent and great efforts, leaving precious spiritual wealth for future generations.
Liuzhou baxian
(Editor's Note: There are many celebrities in Liuzhou history. Limited to space, I only list the Eight Sages of Liuzhou for a brief introduction. )
The Eight Sages of Liuzhou were a group of influential figures in the academic, literary, military and political fields of Liuzhou in the Ming Dynasty, and they added a glorious page to the history of Liuzhou.
Qi zhou, Ziting Creek, was a scholar in Chenghua. He is knowledgeable and dares to speak frankly. When he was a foreign minister in Nanjing, he wrote a letter criticizing the shortcomings of current politics and was praised by people. His works include "East and West Ritan" and "Confucian Justice".
Dai Qin (1493 —— 1524) lit up. Guan Ju, a doctor of punishments, is one of the "fourteen gifted scholars of punishments". He is quick-witted, good at poetry and prose, and has written "Luyuan Collection" and "Yuxi Save Draft". He was straightforward, and was seriously injured because he insisted on persuading the emperor to correct his mistakes. He died under the scepter in front of the noon gate of Tiananmen Square. There is his grave at the foot of Yufeng Mountain.
Jin Mianxue, the word Zhu Fu. Jiajing Jinshi was an honest official and dared to expose the abuses of powerful people. Treacherous court official Yan Song's son, Yan Shifan, was framed by jealousy and resigned in a rage and went home. Later, in recognition of his incorruptibility, the imperial court built a "Lianxian" archway for him in Liuzhou (now the west end of Liu Xin Street).
Xu, the word Ji Fu. Jiajing Jinshi, the official to the Ministry of Industry ministers. Yan Song was punished with a cudgel and a demotion for exposing his henchmen. When he was studying politics in Yunnan, he gave lectures in person and was very famous. During his tenure in Nanjing, he didn't want to go along with Yan Shifan, so he asked for leave to return home.
Zhang Xian (1502 —— 1568), the word Ziyi, is the crane tower. He was tortured by impeaching Yan Song's despotism. When he was punished, he was still shouting to his stunned companion: "Wake up, wake up! A gentleman must remain upright when he dies, and he must not be pitied! " After the official to the left assistant minister of punishments. The story of his struggle with Yan Hui was written into the legendary opera Feng Mingji. His works include crane tower collection and naive son, and Dalongtan has his stone carvings. Today, Zhang Xian's tomb behind Youzha Village in Dongxiang, Liu Dong is the largest and most complete Ming tomb in Liuzhou. Tomb of Zhang Xi 'an: On the centipede ridge in Youzha Village, Liu Dong Town, a suburb of Liuzhou City, the remains of Zhang Xian, who was famous for his struggle with the traitor Yan Song, are buried. Zhang Xi 'an's tomb was built in the 9th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (158 1), which is one of the highest-ranking tombs in Liuzhou history. From the bottom slope to the tomb site, it is 35 meters above sea level, and from the first-class tomb to the tomb site, Shen Dao is 90 meters long and 30 meters wide. There are stone lions, stone sheep, Shi Hu, stone horse and Weng Zhong (a stone man) on both sides of Shen Dao, and there are a pair of stone turtles on the No.3 tomb site. On the stone turtle on the right, there is a 2-meter-high "Huang Ming Imperial Sacrifice Monument", and there are another pair of stone turtles on both sides of the tomb. The tomb is nearly 2 meters high and 6 meters in diameter. It is made of stone with a spherical top. Tombstone inscription: "The tomb of Zhang Gong in Baihelou was examined by the assistant minister of Ming Dynasty and Ducha Yushi." Zhang Xian's tomb has been excavated many times, and the base of the tomb and various stone carving components have been broken and disappeared. In recent years, it has been renovated by the Municipal Cultural Relics Management Committee and announced as a cultural relics protection unit by the Liuzhou Municipal People's Government. )
She Li, the second son of She Mianxue. He used to be the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War. During the Wanli period, Japan invaded Korea. Emperor Wanli sent troops to support Korea, and the Chinese and Korean armies fought side by side and won the war. She Li participated in the war as a supervisor and was rewarded by the court.
Among the "Eight Sages of Liuzhou", there are Shu, the governor of Guangdong, and Long, the governor of Guizhou and then the governor of Sichuan.
Yang, the famous minister of developing Taiwan Province.
In the Annals of Karmalan Hall in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, there is a record of "redefining the whole map of Karmalan", which clearly shows the later generations that the historical curtain of Karmalan dividing up and establishing Xinjiang has been opened. It was this poet and Yang Yanli, a famous official who developed Kamalan, who slowly opened this historical curtain with his own hands. In the history of Kamalan (now Yilan) in Taiwan Province Province, we can't help but mention this person. The wooden statue of Yang Yanli is still enshrined in Zhao Ying Palace in Yilan.
Yang Yanli (1747- 18 13) was named Wu Shuang. In his later years, he was rehabilitated and paid tribute in the forty-two years of Qing Qianlong (1777). His lifelong career is closely related to the history of Taiwan Province Province. Since Qianlong was promoted to Tongzhi, Taiwan Province in 51 years, he has served as the magistrate of Taiwan Province Province for three times, and during this period, he was promoted or demoted to various positions, such as Taiwan Province, Pengzhou garrison headquarters, Karmalan and so on, spanning Qianlong and Jiaqing Dynasties, and served for a long time. In the history of Kamalan (now Yilan), Yang Yanli has set up a historical monument.
Kamalan is Yilan in the northeast of Taiwan Province Province today. It faces the sea in the east and is surrounded by mountains on three sides. Lanyang River flows into the sea, forming a triangular Yanglan Plain with fertile land and abundant rainfall. Although the Qing court owned Taiwan Province Province, it did not set up an official government on the territory of the east and northeast, and failed to actively develop it, allowing it to develop freely. In the first year of Jiaqing, Wu Sha, a native of Zhangpu, Fujian, led three immigrants from Zhang Quan and Guangdong to reclaim the northwest of the river. In the 11th year of Jiaqing, Ali developed the southwest in Pan Xianwen, Liu Fan. Before preparing for the establishment of Kailan. The population of Kalmalan area has increased to over 60,000. There are more and more personnel disputes and the political situation is complicated. Disputes and even fights often occur between aborigines and Hakkas, and between Zhang Quan people and Cantonese people. Anti-Qing forces are also entrenched here. In the fifty-second year of Qianlong, when Yang went north to the region, he found that the problem was complicated, so he began his long-term unremitting efforts from suggestion to implementation of taking Karmalan into the country and sending officials to die.
Yang Dang put forward his development opinions to the emperor and the governor, and never missed any opportunity to achieve this goal. Down to the magistrate of Taiwan Province Province, he personally sat in the town, and the vacant magistrate repeatedly investigated and investigated people, designed articles of association, drew maps and so on as a member of the local establishment committee. He wrote "A Brief Introduction to Karmalan Mountain in Taiwan Province Province", which described in detail the development and management of Karmalan Mountain during the Qianlong and Jiaqing years. The reason why the income map has been delayed for many years is that most officials at all levels are ignorant and corrupt, thinking that Kamalan is just a tiny place and does not pay attention to it. Coupled with local resistance, the process of developing Kamalan has been delayed. Yang Yanli said angrily: "It is terrible to avoid it seriously and spare no effort to attract resentment and blame it on the Japanese assembly." However, Yang Yanli did not change his original ambition and endured humiliation. "Do your best, do your best to repay the public and blame yourself." In the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1), with the establishment of Kamalan Hall, Yang Yanli realized its dream for many years, and thus set up an eternal monument admired by the world. The local gentry and common people called him "a famous official in Kailan", and when he was born, he set up a Lu Wei brand, and after his death, he set up a Yang Gong Temple. This is the tradition of China people that "there is virtue for the people and morality is respected for the people". Records of Kamalan Hall, Records of Yilan County, General History of Taiwan Province Province, Biography of 100 Famous People in Taiwan Province Province, etc. They are all biographies of Yang Yanli. In 1950s, Yilan Literature Committee also compiled a special issue of Yang Yanli, a famous official in Kailan, as a memorial.
Yang Yanli's works and poems were published in 9 episodes before his death. In the sixteenth year of Daoguang (1836), Yang, the son of Yang, asked his friend Lin to re-edit it into the book company's poem notes 10, and the Japanese chronicle 1 volume, which was published in the early fifty-fifth year of Ganlong and reprinted in the seventeenth year of Daoguang. Taiwan Province Houshan Kamalan excerpt 1, and other memorials, essays, inscriptions, etc.
Yang Yanli has deep feelings for his hometown Liuzhou. His home is in front of Xilai Temple, called Dongyuan. There are "knowledge returning to the bookstore" and "holding the bookstore" in the park, with flowers and plants and mountains stacked on the pool. Yang Yanli's nickname "Wu Shuang" comes from the martial arts he planted in his garden, which shows his affection for his hometown. After Yang Yanli left Liuzhou in the 43rd year of Qianlong (1778), he left Liuzhou for 27 years, only once in the spring of the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804). Until his death, he also wrote a poem "When people arrive, they ask about the recent situation of the East Garden, and they feel it": "A group of roads is hundreds of feet high, and the Lord has been grateful for a long time. The nature of static transmission is surrounded by a large number of layers of Han and Lao Longlin. Bamboo is sparse and dense in new mud, and flowers are sparse and fat in rain. This heart has long been like a busy bird's nest, and it is difficult to fly up and down lightly. " You can really feel Yang Yanli's desire to return to his hometown.