Heze, called Tao in ancient times, is famous for its geographical position in various countries. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Tao belonged to Cao State, with Lu and Qi in the east, Wei, Xing and Yan in the north, Zheng, Zhou, Qin and Jin in the west, and Chu, Wu and Yue in the Huaihe River basin in the south. In the early Warring States period, it belonged to the Song State, with Qi and Lu in the east, Yanzhao in the north, Wei, Han and Qin in the west and Chu and Yue in the south. No matter which period, Taodou was surrounded by many countries.