Chemistry examination questions for the senior high school entrance examination in Xining City, Qinghai Province in p>2111

(full mark 61, examination time 61 minutes)

Possible relative atomic mass: H-1 C -12 N… l4 (> ~ 16 na-23 bu 32

1. multiple-choice questions (this question includes l3 questions, 1 ~ 8 questions are 1 points for each question, 9-13 questions are 2 points for each question, and ***18 points. There are only 1 options in each small question.)

1. The following changes belong to chemical changes ()

A. Tear up the paper

B. Cut the glass with glass cutter

C. Ice and snow melt

D. Milk turns sour

2. The following substances in life. Those that belong to pure things are ().

a. Huangyuan aged vinegar B. Aluminum alloy doors and windows C. Nitrogen in food bags D. Master Kong mineral water

3. Qinghai has a dry climate in autumn and winter, so putting hot water indoors can increase the humidity of the air. This practice shows that ()

A. Molecules are very small. B. Molecules are constantly moving. C. There are gaps between molecules. D. There are forces between molecules. 4. Fossil fuels do not include ()

A. Coal B. Petroleum C. Alcohol D. Natural gas

5. The following chemical terms are consistent with their meanings ().

a.Mg2+:The valence of magnesium is +2

B.2co32-:2 carbonate ions

C.2n: 2 nitrogen molecules

D.O2: oxygen contains 2 oxygen atoms

6. Boron trioxide (B2O3) is the raw material for making heat-resistant glassware. The valence of boron is ()

a.+3b.+2c.-2d.-3

7. The following table shows the pH of some common substances in the family collected by Xiao Ming:

Substances ① toilet cleaner ② Salt water ③ Toothpaste ④ Soap water ⑤ vinegar ⑤ kitchen cleaner

pH 27811312

Among the above substances, It is ()

A.15B.34C.156D.12P > 8. According to your existing chemical knowledge and life experience, the following statement is correct: ()

A. Waste plastics can be treated by incineration

B. Wool and polyester can be distinguished by combustion

C. Electrical appliances are short-circuited.

9. after the following substances are stored in a beaker for a period of time, the mass becomes larger and deteriorated ()

① concentrated hydrochloric acid ② concentrated sulfuric acid ③ caustic soda ④ salt ⑤ quicklime

a.① 5b.② ③ 5c.③ 5d.② ③ ④

11. The figure shows the related information of sodium and oxygen in the periodic table and the structure diagram of related particles. The following statement is wrong: ()

A. The atomic number of sodium element is LL

B. The structural diagram of oxygen ion is D

C. The most essential difference between sodium element and oxygen element is that the outermost electron number is different

. The chemical formula of the compound composed of D, A and B is Na2O

11. Chemical reactions often occur in the disinfection process of tap water, and the reaction is microscopic. In the following statements, it is incorrect that ()

A. The types and numbers of atoms remain unchanged before and after the reaction

B. The chemical formula of C. X is HCLO

D. In this reaction, * * involves two simple substances and two compounds

12. Among them, ()

A.CO2 gas mixed with HCl gas (sodium hydroxide solution)

B. FeCl 2 solution mixed with CuCl2 (excessive iron powder)

C. NaOH solution mixed with Na2CO3 (sufficient dilute hydrochloric acid)

D. CaCO3 solution mixed with CaCl2 (appropriate dilute hydrochloric acid).

13. The following are some conclusions that Xiao Ming has drawn by using junior high school chemistry knowledge. The correct one is ()

A. Put the burning wood sticks into a colorless gas, and the wood sticks will be extinguished. The gas must be carbon dioxide

B. A substance composed of an element must be pure.

C. A solid chemical fertilizer mixed with hydrated lime produces ammonia smell. It is proved that the fertilizer must be ammonium nitrogen fertilizer < P > D. Double decomposition reaction can occur among acid, alkali and salt < P > 2. Fill in the blanks (this question includes 4 small questions, ***l5 points) < P > 14. (4 points) Chemistry is closely related to our life, please answer according to the meaning of the question.

(1) Of the four substances, salt, quicklime, hydrated lime and dry ice, those that can be used for artificial rainfall (fill in chemical formula, the same below) and those that can be used as desiccants in food packaging bags are.

(2) Vitamin C is widely found in vegetables and fruits. Lack of human body will lead to illness (fill in the serial number).

① osteoporosis ② scurvy ③ night blindness

(3) There is an enzyme-added washing powder in the market, which can decompose and remove sweat stains, blood stains and protein discharged by human body. The following materials should not be washed with enzyme washing powder (fill in the serial number).

① Silkworm silk fabrics ② cotton fabrics ③ chemical fiber fabrics

15. (4 points) After the "4.14 Yushu Earthquake", epidemic prevention personnel should use disinfectants to disinfect the earthquake area in order to prevent post-disaster epidemic situation. The picture on the right is part of the instructions for a commonly used disinfectant. Please read it carefully and answer the questions.

(1) peracetic acid belongs to (fill in "organic" or "inorganic"). Peroxyacetic acid consists of three elements.

(2) from the storage method to avoid heat storage, it can be inferred that peracetic acid may have the following properties.

(3) now, to prepare lo kg, a disinfectant of peracetic acid, we need kg of peracetic acid.

16. (3 points) Protecting the environment and promoting a "low-carbon life" are social issues that we should all pay attention to.

(1) In order to limit the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, scientists adopt "combined transformation" technology. For example, the chemical equation of transforming CO2 and H2 into an important chemical raw material R and water under certain conditions is: 2CO2+6H2 under certain conditions R+4H2O. The chemical formula of r is.

(2) The first city bus using dimethyl ether (C2H6O) as fuel in China effectively solved the problem of black smoke from buses. The chemical equation for the complete combustion of dimethyl ether in air to produce carbon dioxide and water is.

17. (4 points) (1) The right figure shows the solubility curves of solid substances A and B. Answer according to the diagram:

① At t1℃, the mass ratio of solute to solvent in saturated solution of B.

② To prepare saturated solution of A and B with equal mass fraction, the temperature must be controlled at℃.

(2) There is an unsaturated KNO3 solution at 31℃, and the quantities related to the solution are as follows:

① The mass of KNO3 in the solution ② The mass fraction of KNO3 ④ The solubility of KNO3 at 31℃ ⑤ The mass of the solution is saturated by adding potassium nitrate, and the unchanged quantities are (fill in the serial number, the same below); The unsaturated solution is evaporated to saturation at constant temperature, and the constant amount is.

3. Short answer questions (this question includes 2 small questions, with ***ll scores)

18. (4 scores) The transformation relationship of the four substances A, B, C and D under certain conditions is shown in the right figure.

Please answer the following questions based on your existing knowledge:

(1) If A and B are two black powders and D is red, the chemical formula of C is; The reaction type is.

(2) If water is generated in the reaction of A and B, the chemical equation is.

19. (7 points) An interest group explored the metal activity sequence of iron, manganese (Mn) and copper. Drugs provided: iron tablets, copper tablets, manganese tablets, dilute hydrochloric acid, ferrous sulfate solution, copper sulfate solution and manganese sulfate solution.

Please participate and complete the following contents:

Propose a hypothesis. Considering that the activity of iron is stronger than that of copper, the group puts forward the following assumptions about the activity order of three metals.

suppose l: manganese >; Iron >: Copper hypothesis 2: iron >: Manganese >: Copper hypothesis 3:.

design scheme (1) the experimental scheme for verifying hypothesis l is to put manganese tablets and iron tablets into dilute hydrochloric acid respectively and observe the phenomenon.

(2) Whether hypothesis 2 is true or not, the students in the group put forward various experimental schemes. The first scheme is to put manganese tablets into ferrous sulfate solution and copper sulfate solution respectively to observe the phenomenon; Option two is.

(3) The experimental scheme to verify hypothesis 3 is.

experiment and conclusion: after communicating with each other through experiments, the students in the group confirmed that hypothesis 1 was valid. The experimental phenomenon of verifying hypothesis 1 is. The chemical equation of the reaction between manganese and hydrochloric acid is (the valence of manganese in the reaction is +2).

There is a certain rule in the extended study of the reaction between metals and acids. Please analyze the data in the table below and find the corresponding relationship.

the metal with equal mass (ag) reacts with sufficient hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium, iron and manganese

The relative atomic mass of metal is 24 56 55

The mass of hydrogen produced (G) A/12A/28A/27.5

The law found

IV. Experimental questions (this question includes 2 small questions, * * L2 points) < In the process of electrolyzing water, the particles that change are (write the name).

(2) Write a chemical equation for making gas with device B .. When the gas collection is full, the correct operation sequence of taking out the gas cylinder from the water tank is (fill in the serial number).

① Move the airway out of the gas cylinder opening ② Move the gas cylinder and the glass sheet out of the water

③ Cover the gas cylinder opening with the glass sheet under the water ④ Place the gas cylinder on the table

(3) The chemical equation for the reaction in C is: In D, it is the easiest to rust (fill in the serial number), and the conditions for rust of iron products are.

(4) One of the experimental methods used in the two experiments * * * of C and D is.

21. (4 points) In order to remove the sodium carbonate impurity in the sodium chloride sample, Xiao Ming designed the experimental flow as shown in the figure below, and the process diagram:

(1) In the flow diagram, the chemical formula of the precipitated substance is.

(2) After the experiment, Xiao Ming found that the solute in the solution contained not only NaCl, but also NaCl, so Xiao Ming changed to a new scheme: dropping dilute hydrochloric acid into the sample until no gas was generated. The chemical equation of the reaction is.

5. Calculation problem (this question is a small one, with a score of ***4)

22. (4) In order to determine the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide in the wastewater discharged from a paper mill, a certain amount of the wastewater was put into a beaker, and 149 g of l 1％% sulfuric acid solution was added drop by drop to completely react, and the quality of the solution after the reaction was 1.49 g. (Assuming that other components in the wastewater do not react with sulfuric acid) Please calculate:

(1) The mass of solute in 49g11% sulfuric acid solution.

(2) the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide in wastewater.

the reference answers to the chemistry examination questions of the senior high school entrance examination in Xining city, Qinghai province in p>2111

Xining city

1.d

2.c

3.b

4.c

5.b

6.a

7.a

8.b. ①

15. (4 points) (1) Organic 3 (2) is easily decomposed by heat (3) 4

16. (4 points) (1) C2H4 (2) C2H6O+3O22CO2+3H2O

17. (4 points) (1) ① 37. Copper >: Manganese

design scheme (2) put manganese and iron tablets into dilute hydrochloric acid respectively, then put manganese tablets into copper sulfate solution, and observe the phenomenon (or put iron tablets and copper tablets into manganese sulfate solution respectively, and observe the phenomenon ...)

(3) put manganese tablets into copper sulfate solution, and observe the phenomenon

Both experiments and conclusions have bubbles. The reaction of manganese sheet is more violent than that of iron sheet (or the rate of bubble generation is higher than that of iron). Mn+2HCl==MnCl2+H2↑

Extended research, etc. Metals with the same valence state react completely with enough acid, and the greater (smaller) the relative atomic mass, the less (more) the hydrogen produced.

Analyze this topic to explore the order of metal activity.

21. (8 points) (1) Water molecules in test tubes

(2)22KCl132KCl+3O2↑ (or 2kmno4+MnO2+O2 ↑) 1324

(3) 4P+5O22P2O5 ① Contact of iron with oxygen and water (4) Comparative experiment <