After more than 30 years of development, with the strong support of government departments, China's edible fungi industry has become the most important producer, exporter and consumer of edible fungi in the world. Edible fungi industry has become the sixth largest planting industry in China after grain, cotton, oil, vegetables and fruits, and it has shown a steady and rapid growth trend.

First, strengthen the division and planning of edible fungi industry.

1. According to different edible fungi, planning and developing different kinds of edible fungi in the main producing areas requires different production resources. In the process of competitive selection of natural species, dominant species will develop rapidly and form their main producing areas. For example, the famous edible fungi in Northeast China are auricularia auricula and hazelnut, while in North China there are Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus ostreatus, while Tricholoma is produced in Zhangjiakou and Inner Mongolia with pasture, while in Fujian and Guangdong, straw mushrooms and mushrooms are the majority. But as far as a province is concerned, there are great differences in resource endowment and industrial development in different regions. For example, the eastern part of Jilin Province is rich in forestry resources and cold areas, which is suitable for developing wood-rot fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceus, Flammulina velutipes, pholiota adiposa, etc., while the central and western parts of Jilin Province are rich in crop straw, which is suitable for developing grass-rot fungi such as Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Volvariella volvacea and Coprinus comatus. Therefore, "East Wood and West Grass" is the basic principle of the division and planning of edible fungi industry in Jilin Province.

2. According to the resource endowment, determine the trend of industrial strategic transfer. The development of edible fungi industry in South China is earlier than that in North China, but after scale expansion and continuous production, the production resources in South China are scarce and the production environment is deteriorating day by day. The north is rich in material capital and natural capital, such as raw material resources and irreplaceable cold resources, as well as a huge rural labor force and human capital composed of scientific researchers. Various edible mushroom germplasm resources and scientific and technological support composed of research results have provided favorable conditions for the development of edible mushroom industry, and finally formed an industrial development pattern of "Lentinus edodes moving from Fujian and Zhejiang to Shandong and Henan, and continuing to the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia". For example, Ulanhot established the production base of Pleurotus ostreatus, which pushed the production of Pleurotus ostreatus a big step from southeast to northwest; The production base of Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula and Ganoderma lucidum established in Dunhua City has opened up a new road for the development of edible and medicinal fungi production in alpine mountainous areas. Such an industrial development layout and trend is not based on human consciousness, but an objective choice that follows the law of industrial development.

3. Carry out industrial planning under the guidance of the concept of industrial cluster development. In the process of industrial planning, relevant industries (departments) should be planned as a whole from the height of industrial cluster development to ensure the development of industrial clusters and obtain the best rate of return. For example, in the planning of edible fungi industry in a specific region, we should consider the scale of industrial development, the quantity and quality of production substrates required, as well as factors such as transportation capacity, transportation cost, market sales capacity, processing capacity of product processing enterprises, service capacity of technical service departments, research and development capacity of technology research and development units, processing and transformation capacity of by-product processing enterprises, and external environmental conditions required for industrial development, such as the support of local governments, the improvement of credit guarantee system, and the relationship between departments.

4. Coordinated development of edible fungi industry and cultivation of production forests With the development of edible fungi industry, especially the expansion of wood-rot fungi industry, the contradiction between fungi and wood formed by edible fungi production in some areas has become increasingly prominent. According to the calculation, 70 cubic meters of broad-leaved forest and 1 0.5 kg of sawdust are needed for each ton of Tilia amurensis, which leads to the contradiction between production and ecological imbalance. But as long as scientific planning is done well, it can be effectively avoided and coordinated development between industries can be formed. For example, in qingyuan county 1986 ~ 1995 * *, Zhejiang Province, 550 million bags of mushrooms were developed, which consumed more than 200,000 cubic meters of mushroom wood every year, which was 1.8 times of the annual output of mushroom forest in this county, threatening the ecological balance. Because the county realized the relationship between the development of edible fungi industry and ecological protection in time, from the perspective of the long-term development of edible fungi industry, three systems of forest ecology, forestry industry and forest security were built in time, so that the unbalanced ecology could be repaired in time. According to the supplementary survey of forest resources in qingyuan county in 2004, by the end of 2003, the total forest stock in this county had reached 5.999 million cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate was 83.6%, which was 65,438 percentage points higher than that of1.21.600 million cubic meters and 1.97 respectively, thus realizing the coordination of forest resources, environment and industry.

5. Establish germplasm reserves to ensure the abundance of genetic basis. Germplasm resources of edible fungi refer to the genetic resources or genetic resources of edible fungi. For the sustainable development of edible fungi industry, in the planning process, we should not only consider the coordinated development before, during and after production, but also pay attention to the construction and protection of edible fungi germplasm conservation zone while promoting the large-scale development of main producing areas, so as to ensure the potential innovation ability of edible fungi industry development. Taking Yunnan as an example, Yunnan's wild edible fungi are one of the richest areas in China, and also one of the 12 representative areas with the richest biodiversity in the world. If the edible fungus industry is vigorously developed, the improved varieties with the advantages of uniform fruiting, fast tide turning and high biotransformation rate will be rapidly popularized, while the traditional local varieties will be replaced and accelerated to extinction, resulting in narrow genetic basis and consistent development direction, reducing the potential genetic resistance of new varieties to epidemic diseases and insect pests. With the decrease of wild edible fungi resources and the elimination of local varieties, the extensive genetic basis needed for genetic improvement in edible fungi breeding will also be reduced, and the improvement and innovation ability of new varieties will be further reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the conservation zone of edible fungi germplasm as soon as possible, so as to ensure the richness of genetic basis and improve the subsequent development ability of edible fungi industry.

Two, strengthen the implementation of industry standards, ensure food quality and safety, improve the international competitiveness of products.

At present, the main force of edible fungi production in China is still farmers all over the country, and the edible fungi planting mode of decentralized management by one household accounts for about 99%. Since the 20th century, China has been regarded as the largest producer of edible fungi, accounting for 70% of the world's output. However, due to the disadvantages of crude production equipment, small production scale, low technical level, extensive management, uneven product quality and high market risk, China's edible fungi export ability is still poor, and it has been repeatedly "blocked" by trade, environmental protection and intellectual property rights. As far as edible fungi are concerned, in February 2007, the European Union revised the residue limit standard of carbendazim in fresh edible fungi from the original 1mg/kg to 0. 1mg/kg. The United States has also adopted the same standards as the European Union since June 5438+ 10/2008. Carbendazim is an efficient and low toxic fungicide, which is widely used in horticultural crops, especially edible fungi in developing countries. Therefore, it has a great influence on the production of edible fungi in China. It is necessary to further strengthen standardized production and promote the traceability system from table-product-place of origin-farmers, including: place of origin-input-strains-products in the process of planting-acquisition-processing-packaging-storage. Only in this way can the behavior of producers, technicians, processors and sellers be restrained, and the development of edible fungi industry and the international reputation and trade volume of edible fungi industry in China be prevented from being damaged because of quality and safety problems.

Third, increase publicity to improve people's understanding of the edible fungus industry.

Compared with traditional farming and aquaculture, edible fungi industry is a relatively young industry in China, which appears with the development of market economy and the need of planting structure adjustment. Specialized households, companies and cooperatives engaged in edible fungi have built a bridge between planting and sales, producers and consumers. However, most people still lack an overall understanding of the edible fungus industry, so it is necessary to adopt popular science propaganda to improve the public's understanding of the edible fungus industry from the aspects of resource protection, industrial advantages, healthy diet, scientific cooking, ecological economy and environmental protection, so as to form a demand-oriented and protected leading industry. For example, in 2003, the China Edible Fungi Association held the "National Edible Fungi Cooking Competition" to launch a variety of edible fungi dishes to promote mass catering consumption; In 2008, China Edible Fungi Association organized the activity of "Healthy Miles of Mushroom Industry", which improved the public's understanding of the present situation of edible fungi industry. Comrade Mao Chuanfu, the chairman of Dasanhe Group Co., Ltd. and vice president of China Edible Fungi Association, published the Edible Fungi Food Age-Talking about Edible Fungi Health in June 2009, which made the public familiar with the relationship between edible fungi and health. In the future, with the help of modern media such as television and radio, we will regularly broadcast scientific and educational articles on related topics and make them into CDs for wide publicity.

Fourth, improve the ability of technological innovation and promote industrial development

Edible mushroom industry is a technology-intensive industry, and the development of the industry needs to be guided by scientific and technological research to achieve the coordinated development of research and application. The technological innovation of edible fungi industry should not only focus on specific links, such as strain development, disease control, production facilities innovation, production mode innovation and so on. The edible fungus industry chain should be studied as a systematic project from the perspective of market and industrialization.

1. Promote the research and development of practical small machinery. The mode of production in China is backward, and the degree of intensification and organization is low. The mode of production based on farmers will become the mainstream in a certain period of time. With the loss of labor resources advantages and the general trend of the new generation of farmers moving to cities, the aging trend of rural labor force is accelerating. In order to adapt to industrial development, it is urgent to organize skilled craftsmen and scientific research forces to carry out research and development of practical small machinery and other labor replacement technologies.

2. Strengthen the transformation of production facilities. At present, all the greenhouses used for edible fungi production come from vegetable production. Because vegetable production and edible fungi production need different conditions, the former needs temperature, light, carbon dioxide and other conditions conducive to photosynthesis, while the latter needs weak light and temperature conditions conducive to the growth of fruiting bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out technical transformation of greenhouse facilities according to the production situation of edible fungi.

3. Develop safe and healthy sterilization technology. Many links in the production of edible fungi need disinfection and sterilization. However, repeated use of disinfectants will lead to skin allergies and respiratory diseases in some mushroom farmers, which will seriously affect the physical and mental health of producers. Therefore, while studying the sterilization effect and the safety of production environment, researchers should also care about the health of producers, that is, develop safer and healthier sterilization products.

Five, industrial development needs the help of the national "beneficial bacteria" policy.

The development of edible fungi industry in China is hard to avoid the international competitive environment. The rapid development of edible fungi industry in Japan and South Korea benefits from the support of national edible fungi industry policies, such as the government providing farmers with 40% ~ 50% investment subsidies and export subsidies for fixed assets of edible fungi production. To enhance the competitiveness of China's edible fungi industry, we need the support of supporting policies of "benefiting bacteria", develop moderately according to the national conditions, promote the process of mechanization, scale, industrialization and standardization, and ensure the international competitiveness of industrial development.