1. Overview of access control system
Access control safety management system is a new modern safety management system, which integrates microcomputer automatic identification technology and modern safety management measures, and involves many new technologies such as electronics, machinery, optics, computer technology, communication technology and biotechnology. It is an effective measure to solve the problem of the entrance and exit of important departments and realize the security management. Suitable for all kinds of confidential departments, such as banks, hotels, computer rooms, armories, confidential rooms, offices, intelligent communities, factories and so on.
With the rapid development of digital technology and network technology, access control technology has developed rapidly. The access control system has already surpassed the simple doorway and key management, and it has gradually developed into a complete access management system. It plays an important role in the work environment safety, personnel attendance management and other administrative work.
On the basis of this system, the corresponding auxiliary equipment can be added to carry out elevator control, vehicle access control, property fire control, security patrol management, catering charge management, etc., and truly realize the intelligent management of one card in the area.
second, the development of access control system
entrance access control system, as its name implies, is a system for controlling entrance and exit passages, which is developed on the basis of traditional door locks. The traditional mechanical door lock is only a simple mechanical device. No matter how reasonable the structural design is and how strong the material is, people can always open it by various means. It is very troublesome to manage the keys in passages with many people (such as offices and hotel rooms). If the keys are lost or replaced, the locks and keys should be replaced together. In order to solve these problems, electronic magnetic card lock and electronic code lock have appeared. The appearance of these two kinds of locks has improved people's management of entrance and exit channels to a certain extent, making channel management enter the electronic age. However, with the continuous application of these two kinds of electronic locks, their own defects are gradually exposed. The problems of magnetic card lock are that information is easy to copy, the wear between card and card reader is large, the failure rate is high and the safety factor is low. The problem of password lock is that the password is easy to leak, and it can't be looked up, so the safety factor is very low. At the same time, most products in this period are installed outside the door by combining the card reading part (password input) and the control part, so it is easy for people to open the lock outdoors. The access control system in this period was still in the early immature stage, so the access control system at that time was usually called electronic lock and was not widely used.
In recent years, with the development of proximity card technology and biometric technology, the access control system has developed by leaps and bounds, and entered a mature stage. There are various technical systems such as proximity card access control system, fingerprint access control system, iris access control system, facial recognition access control system, disordered keyboard access control system, etc. They all have their own advantages in security, convenience and manageability, and the application fields of access control system are also getting wider and wider.
III. Functions of the access control system
The basic functions realized by a mature access control system are:
1. Management of access rights of channels
Access rights of channels
It is to set who can and cannot access each channel.
access mode
is to authorize people who can access the channel. There are usually three access modes: password, card reading (biometric identification), card reading (biometric identification)+password.
the time period for entering and leaving the passage
is to set the time range for people who can enter and leave the passage.
2. Real-time monitoring function
System managers can check the entry and exit of personnel in each door area (with photos displayed) and the status of each door area (including door opening and closing, various abnormal status alarms, etc.) in real time through the microcomputer; You can also open or close all the door areas in an emergency.
3. Access record query function
The system can store all access records and status records, and can query according to different query conditions. Equipped with corresponding attendance software, attendance and access control card can be realized.
4. Abnormal alarm function
Under abnormal conditions, it can realize microcomputer alarm or alarm, such as illegal intrusion, the door has not been closed after overtime, etc.
According to different systems, the access control system can also realize the following special functions:
Anti-submarine return function: that is, the cardholder must follow the preset route, otherwise the card swiping in the next channel will be invalid. This function is to prevent the cardholder from following others to enter.
anti-tailing function: the cardholder must close the door he just entered before opening the next door. This function is the same as that realized by anti-submarine warfare, but in a different way.
fire alarm monitoring linkage function: in case of fire, the access control system can automatically open all electronic locks so that people inside can escape at any time. Linkage with monitoring usually means that the monitoring system automatically records the situation when someone swipes the card (valid/invalid), and also records the situation when the access control system has an alarm.
network setting management monitoring function: most access control systems can only be managed by a microcomputer, while technologically advanced systems can set up monitoring query management for the whole system at any authorized location on the network, and can also set up management monitoring query in different places on the INTERNET.
logical door opening function: simply speaking, the same door requires several people to swipe their cards at the same time (or in other ways) to open the electronically controlled door lock
4. The access control system is composed of
1. Access control controller
The core part of the access control system is equivalent to the CPU of the computer, which is responsible for the processing, storage and control of the input and output information of the whole system.
2. Card reader
A device that reads data (biometric information) in a card.
3. electric lock
the executive part of locking the door in the access control system. Users should choose different locks according to the requirements of door materials and going out. There are mainly the following types:
(1) electromagnetic lock: the electromagnetic lock is open after power failure, which meets the fire protection requirements. And equipped with a variety of mounting racks for customers to use. This kind of lock is suitable for one-way wooden doors, glass doors, fire doors and split electric doors.
(2) anode lock: the anode lock is a power-off and door-opening type, which meets the fire protection requirements. It is installed on the upper part of the door frame. Different from the electromagnetic lock, the anode lock is suitable for bidirectional wooden doors, glass doors and fire doors, and it has its own door magnetic detector, which can detect the safety status of doors at any time.
(3) Cathode lock: Generally, the cathode lock is energized to open the door. Suitable for one-way wooden doors. The installation of cathode lock must be equipped with UPS power supply. Because the female lock locks the door when the power goes out.
4. Card
The key to the door. You can print the cardholder's personal photo on the card, and the door card and the badge are combined into one.
5. Other devices
Go out button: Press the device that opens the door, which is suitable for the situation that there is no restriction on going out.
door magnetism: used to detect the safety/switch state of the door, etc.
power supply: the power supply equipment of the whole system can be divided into two types: ordinary and standby (with storage battery).