refers to the final result (GNP for short) of the initial income distribution of all permanent institutions in a country (region) within a certain period (year or quarter). The added value (GDP) created by a country's permanent institutions engaged in production activities is mainly distributed to the country's permanent institutions in the initial distribution process, but some of it is also distributed to the country's non-permanent institutions in the form of labor remuneration and property income. At the same time, some of the added value created by foreign production units is distributed to the permanent institutions in the country in the form of workers' remuneration and property income. Thus, the concept of gross national product (GNP) came into being, which is equal to GDP plus labor remuneration and property income from abroad minus labor remuneration and property income paid to foreign workers.

the gross national product (GNP) is different from the gross social product (GNP) and national income. First, the accounting scope is different. Both GNP and national income only calculate the labor results of the material production departments, while GNP calculates the labor results of both the material production departments and the intangible production departments. Second, the value composition is different, and the total social output value calculates the total value of social products; Gross national product calculates the added value in the process of producing products and providing services, that is, the added value, excluding the value of intermediate products and intermediate labor inputs, and national income does not calculate the value of intermediate products, nor does it include the depreciation value of fixed assets, that is, only the net output value is calculated.

the gross national product reflects the economic level of a country. According to the GNP calculated at comparable prices, the economic development speed (economic growth rate) in different periods and regions can be calculated. There are three methods to calculate the gross national product: (1) Production method (or department method), which is to subtract the consumption of intermediate products and services from the total output value (income) of various departments to obtain added value. The total added value of each department is the gross national product; (2) expenditure method (or final product method), that is, personal consumption expenditure+government consumption expenditure+total domestic asset formation (including fixed capital formation and net increase or decrease of inventory)+the difference between export and import; (3) The income method (or the distribution method) regards the gross national product as the total added value created by various factors of production (capital, land and labor). Therefore, it should be distributed among various factors of production in the form of wages, interest, rent, profits, capital consumption and net indirect taxes (that is, indirect taxes minus government subsidies). In this way, the total value of people's livelihood abroad can be calculated by summarizing the above-mentioned projects of various departments (material production departments and intangible production departments) throughout the country.