Yu was fond of learning when he was young. Because of poverty in the home, unable to get books to read, often borrow money from the library, copy it personally, and send it back on the appointed day. When the weather is cold, the water in Yanchi is frozen solid ice, the fingers can not extend, I still do not relax reading. After copying, please return home, dare not to slightly exceed the agreed time limit. So most people will lend me the books, so I can read all kinds of books. It not only increases the crown, but also benefits the sage's way, and suffers from the lack of masters, celebrities and tourists. It tastes a hundred miles away and asks questions from the hometown. The senior men of honor, the Yemeni students crowded with his room, his words and attitudes have never been slightly tactful. Yu Lishi left and right sides, assisted the suspect, and leaned over to ask; Or when you encounter it, the more respectful you are, the more courteous you are, and you dare not say a word; As soon as it is happy, please ask again. So I am stupid, and finally get a lot of lessons.

When I was a teacher, I dragged myself through the mountains and valleys, where the snow was several feet deep and my skin was chapped without knowing it. After the house, the limbs were stiff and unable to move, the servant gave me the hot water, covered with the quilt cover, after a long time to warm. Living in the hotel, I eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment. All the students were embroidered by Qi, wearing a hat decorated with Zhu Ying's treasure, a ring of white jade on the waist, a sword on the left, and a stinking face on the right. I was dressed in a robe, and I was slightly unattractive. Because the heart has enough to make oneself happy, do not feel that the enjoyment of food is inferior to others. This is probably the case with my hard work and hard work. Today, all the students are studying in Imperial College, and the county officials have a little bit of support every day. Their parents have the legacy of Qiu Ge at the age of 21, and there is no danger of being frozen and embarrassed. Sitting under the building and reciting poetry, there is no need to run away; There are teachers and doctors as teachers, who don't ask and don't tell, and those who ask but can't; All the books that should be available are collected here, so it is not necessary to record them by the hands of others, and then see them later. If they are not proficient in their studies, and their moral character has not been cultivated, if they are not gifted or qualified, they are not as single-minded as I am., can it be said that it is the fault of others? Dongyang Ma Shengjun, in the imperial college has been studied for two years, peers praise his virtue. When I went to the capital to appear before the emperor, he met with me as a fellow villager, and wrote a long letter as a gift, and the words were smooth and accessible, arguing with him, with a mild and courteous manner. He said that when he was young, he studied very hard and hard, which can be called a good learner. He was going home to pay a visit to his parents, and I told him about the difficulties of his studies.

Translation

I loved reading when I was a child. Because the family is poor and there is no way to get books to read, they often borrow them from people who collect books, copy them with their own pens, and calculate the agreed date to return them on time. When it is very cold, the ink in the inkstone pool forms hard ice, so that fingers can't bend and straighten, and they dare not relax and copy books. After copying, run and return the book quickly, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. Therefore, people are willing to lend me books, so I can read a wide range of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages even more, and I am worried that there are no knowledgeable teachers who can communicate with each other (ask for advice). I once ran hundreds of miles away and asked my famous predecessors in my hometown for advice with scriptures. The senior is highly respected, and the students who asked him for advice crowded his room. He never put his words mildly and his face gently. I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, bending down and asking him for advice; Sometimes when I meet him, I reprimand him loudly, and my expression is more deferential and courteous, and I dare not say a word to defend myself; When he was happy, he asked him again. So although I am stupid, I can finally gain knowledge. When I was studying with my teacher, I was walking in the deep mountains and valleys with my book box on my back, dragging my shoes. In the deep winter festival, the cold wind was blowing and I was stepping on a few feet of snow, but my feet were cracked because of cold and dryness without knowing it. When I arrived at the school house, my limbs were so frozen that I couldn't move. The waiter washed (my hands and feet) with hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Living in a hotel, the host eats two meals a day (only for me), and there is no fresh, fat and delicious food to enjoy. The classmates who live in the same room all wear gorgeous clothes, hats decorated with red tassels and jewels, white jade rings on their waists, knives on their left and sachets on their right, and they are radiant like immortals. I live among them in shabby clothes, without envy at all, because I have enough happiness in my heart, and I don't think I can't eat and wear as well as other people. This is probably the case with my diligence and hardship when I was studying. Now, although I am old and have no achievements, fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention people who can surpass me? Now students are studying in Imperial College, the imperial court provides meals every day, and their parents give them leather clothes in winter and kudzu clothes in summer every year, so there is no worry about freezing and starving. Sitting under the building reading the scriptures, there is no hard work to run; There are teachers like teachers and doctors, who don't ask and tell, and ask for advice and get nothing; All the books you should have are concentrated here, so you don't have to copy them by hand like me, and you can borrow them from others before you can see them. If some of them are not proficient in their studies and have not developed their moral character, if they are not gifted and have low qualifications, they are not as single-minded as me. Can it be said that it is someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma Shengjun, on the other hand, has been studying in Imperial College for two years, and his peers highly praise his virtue. When I went to the capital to meet the emperor, Ma Sheng met me as a junior fellow countryman and wrote a long letter as a gift. His words were smooth and accessible, and he argued with him with gentle words and humble attitude. He himself said that when he was a teenager, he was very diligent and hardworking, which can be called a good learner! He will go home to meet his parents, and I specially told him about the difficulties of my study. If I encourage my fellow villagers to study hard, it is my ambition; If you denigrate me and boast about what happened to me and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me?

Notes

Selected from Selected Works of Song Xueshi (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1985). Song Lian: (1311-1381), a writer in the early Ming Dynasty, was born in Qianjiang (now northwest of Yiwu, Zhejiang). Dongyang, the place name, is in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province today. Health, the elder's address to the younger generation. Preface: Stylistic name, this is a complimentary preface: Me. Childhood: when I was young. Addiction: like, special hobby. No way: no way. To the book: get the book. To: get it. To: use it to observe: look. Every time I borrow it from the library, I record it by hand: 1 every time: often. 2 Borrowing: Synonymous compound words. Borrow. 3 fake, borrow. 4 Yu: preposition, from. 5: Yes. 6 hands: nouns are used flexibly as verbs, so do it. 7 strokes: nouns as adverbials, with pens. Dài: That is, to be lazy, not to slack off and not to relax in reading. F: No. Zhi: refers to copying books. Go: Run. Overdue: exceeding the agreed time limit. Therefore: Therefore. Take: think; Yes: so. Guān: After being crowned, it refers to adulthood. The ancient man held a coronation ceremony at the age of twenty to show that he had reached adulthood. Later generations often use "crown" or "add crown" to indicate that the year is 21. P: I'm worried. Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da. Travel: communication. Taste: Once. Trend: arrive. Inquire about the scriptures from the predecessors in the hometown: take the scriptures and ask the local moral and learned predecessors. Xianda: a moral and learned elder. Knock, ask. Hold: hold Delong and look at the statue: moral prestige is high. Hope, prestige, fame. Long: high. Disciples fill his room: students fill his room. Master, disciple, student. Fill, fill. Here means crowded. Slightly lower your tone: put your words mildly and your face gently. Words, words and faces. Color: complexion. Aid to doubt: ask questions and ask truth. Aid, lead and put forward. Quality, inquiry. Bend over and lean your ear to ask: Bend over and ask with your ear sideways (respectfully) (show respect and concentration). With: conjunction, and, come. Or: sometimes. Scold (chi) duh (du not): reprimand, reprimand. The more respectful the color, the more deferential the expression. Color: expression. Gong: respectful: thoughtful. Answer: This refers to excuse and rebuttal. As soon as possible: wait. Pawn: In the end. Qiè dragging: carrying a book box and dragging shoes (indicating that the shoes are worn out). Drag: drag and pull. Basket: Book box. Li: shoes. Poor winter: the dead of winter. Jūn: The skin is cracked due to cold and dryness. House: refers to the school house and library. Branch: Tong "limb", limb. Yìng people: here refers to the people who serve. Soup: Hot water. Woguan: Bathing. W, water and wash (limbs). Irrigation "washing". Quilt (q Ρ n): quilt. Hug: covered. And: table to undertake. Yes: only. Daily re-eating (s √): Two meals are served every day. Again: twice. Travel in reverse: stay in a hotel. Live, live. Reverse, welcome. Travel backwards, hotels. Embroidered by (p Ρ) Qi (qǐ): wearing beautiful silk clothes. Be covered, put on, and wear. Zhu Ying: Red hat band. Tassel: Hat band. Waist: Waist. Waist, nouns as verbs. Smell tolerance (xiù): sachet. Smell, smell, here refers to aroma. Ye (yè) ran: radiant. Clothes: worn-out clothes. Old wadding. Oh, shabby. Slightly unattractive: without envy. Slightly none: none. Mu Yan, envy. Those who have enough fun in it don't know if the service of mouth and body is not like people: because they have enough fun in their hearts (referring to reading), they don't feel that food and clothing are inferior to others. Chinese: Inside. Mouth and body service: refers to food and clothing. Feng: support. Old man: very old. Pre: Join. G: Probably. Tao: Speak, speak. Students: refers to too many students. Imperial College: A school established by the central government in Ming Dynasty to educate scholars, called Imperial College or imperial academy. County magistrate: This refers to the imperial court. Lu (lǐn) Shao: Food given by the government. At that time, the free food provided by the government was called "heavy" or "slightly". Qiu (qiú): leather clothes. Ge (gé): Gebu refers to clothes worn in summer. Legacy (wèi): give, give, here refers to aid. Division, doctor: the deputy chief and professor of the Imperial College respectively. Represents a learned person. Non-natural (zhi) inferiority: If it weren't for the low talent. Generation: peers. Flow: flat. Chao: In the old days, courtiers appeared before the monarch. When Song Lian wrote this article, he came to Beijing from his hometown to meet Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing. To be a countryman: as a countryman's son. Ye: I'd like to meet you. Zhuan: Same as Zhuan, writing. Long book: long letter. Basket: a gift to show respect when we first met. Yi: Peace. Bi: Finish tasting: I used to suffer: I was a little worried: I smelled a little: I learned a lot: just like humble: the key sentence below

1. The sentence that dominates and sets the tone for the whole text: I was fond of learning when I was young. 2. The sentence that best shows the author's hardship in copying books when he was young: it's freezing, the inkstone is hard, and his fingers can't bend and stretch. 3. Sentences that show that the teacher is angry and humbly asks for advice: or when he is scolded (chi) and duō, the more respectful he is, the more courteous he is, and he dares not say a word; Once (s √) it's pleasant, please ask again. 4. Reveal the sentence of spiritual pursuit to overcome material poverty: those who have enough fun in it don't know that the mouth and body are not like people.

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based on his personal experience of studying hard in difficult conditions in his youth, the author urged Ma Sheng at that time not to live up to the good conditions and to study hard in order to succeed.