Wanyuan potato
"Early in the morning, wearing a straw hat, carrying a hoe and carrying a basket up the hill. When I got to the ground, I gently hooked it with a hoe, and round and full' golden eggs' bigger than goose eggs were dug out and rolled down the hillside. " This is not a legend, this is the harvest scene of Wanyuan potato. The terrain of Wanyuan City is generally mountainous and peaceful, and most of the land is on steep mountains. In addition, farmers' farming methods were backward in the early years. Once potatoes are dug up, it is not uncommon to climb mountains and mountains.
Wanyuan potato is not only big and delicious, but also rich in selenium, an essential trace element for human body, which is deeply loved by people. In May, 2009, Wanyuan Potato was awarded the registration certificate of geographical indications of agricultural products by the Ministry of Agriculture, and it has a new name-Wanyuan Potato, which has become a famous local product in China. Why can the small Wanyuan potato be so concerned by the world? Listen-
The "golden egg" dug in the ravine
Potatoes are also called potatoes in Dazhou. Foreigners and exotic varieties also contain novelty and surprise, which shows people's love for potatoes. Dazhou people like to eat potatoes, stir-fry shredded potatoes, stir-fry mashed potatoes and cook potato slices soup; Wanyuan people prefer potatoes, not only in soup but also in rice. Even when they are hungry, they can cook a few potatoes directly and have a good meal without any seasoning.
Wanyuan has a large hillside, shallow soil layer, obvious alpine climate and poor farming conditions, but it is such conditions that it is very suitable for potato growth. Every year around June 5438+February, farmers carry hoes up the mountain, dig a small hole in the ground, sprinkle some grass ash, drop potatoes and fill in the soil, and the potato sowing process is all over. The management work is also very simple, except that some water and fertilizer need to be watered in case of drought, and other work is almost unnecessary. In May and June of the following year, the potato field was full of small arched soil bags. When a hoe was dug down, all the potatoes were big and full, which was gratifying.
Different from ordinary potatoes, Wanyuan potatoes taste smooth, slightly sweet but not greasy, and people who have been to Wanyuan will be impressed. In Wanyuan, large and small restaurant menus, fried shredded potatoes, fried potatoes, steamed potatoes and other dishes can be seen everywhere. There is a saying circulating in Wanyuan, "Without potatoes, the restaurant can't be opened!" Potatoes are never the main course here, but they are always indispensable.
"Delicious, Bashi!" Anyone who has tasted Wanyuan potato is all applauded. Good taste is the signature of Wanyuan potato, and according to scientific research, eating Wanyuan potato often is also very good for human body. The data show that the highest selenium content in soil of Wanyuan City is 1.74ug/g, with an average of 0.5 1ug/g, which belongs to medium selenium to high selenium and is easy for plant growth and human absorption. Selenium is one of the most important trace elements needed by human body. Selenium deficiency in human body will cause organ dysfunction and lead to many serious diseases. Through scientific analysis, Wanyuan potato is rich in selenium, so it is also called "gold in grain".
People who have grown taro for generations
Wanyuan has a long history of planting potatoes. According to some old experts, Wanyuan potato was very famous in Qinba area before the place name Wanyuan. It can be seen that Wanyuan potato is so outstanding, not only because of Wanyuan's unique land conditions, but also because of Wanyuan people's hard care from generation to generation.
territorial scope
Wanyuan is located in the northeast edge of Sichuan Basin, at the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chongqing provinces, in the hinterland of the southern foot of Daba Mountain, with east longitude107 29'-108 31'and north latitude 3139'-32 20'. Wanyuan City is 46km away from Dazhou City/kloc-0 in the south and 7 1 km away from zhenba county City in Shaanxi Province in the north. Xiangyu Railway, National Highway 2 10 (Baonan Road) and East Sichuan Power Grid run through the city. It is the main passage and important gateway to and from Sichuan, and the traffic fortress of Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces. It is known as "the key of Qinchuan" and enjoys the reputation of "the source of wanbao". The whole city covers an area of 4065 square kilometers, and Wanyuan potato protection covers the whole city 12 towns, 40 townships, 373 villages and 2480 cooperatives.
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: Mountains overlap in Wanyuan, ravines are criss-crossing, and the height difference is relatively large, with a relative height difference of 2,000 m. Most places are 600- 1400m above sea level, accounting for 83% of the total area. The landform inclines from northeast to southwest, and the landform type is mainly mountainous. Wanyuan City has an area of 605,000 mu of cultivated land, including cultivated land193,000 mu. The soil has various landforms, such as deep mountains, low mountains, middle mountains and high mountains. There are many square mountains and terraces in the west and south, and deep monoclinic mountains in the east and north, with obvious regional differences.
Wanyuan soil is mostly dry goose spots developed by marine layered siliceous cementite, with high fertility level, slight acidity and rich organic matter. It is one of the three selenium-rich areas in China, with high water-soluble, exchangeable and organic selenium content, which is close to the critical value of water-soluble selenium content in China ecological landscape soil.
Rich in trace elements such as zinc and copper.
According to the soil-forming conditions, soil-forming process, physical and chemical properties and productivity, the soil is divided into 6 soil types, 13 subcategories, 29 soil genera, 64 soil types and 88 varieties. Among them, paddy soil accounts for 38.6%, purple soil accounts for 23.8%, fluvo-aquic soil accounts for 0.4%, yellow soil accounts for 25.3%, mountain yellow soil accounts for 1.4%, and Carboniferous soil accounts for 10.5%. Soil pH is 6.5-7.5, soil organic matter content is 1.68-3.73%, total nitrogen is 0.96- 1.72%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 92- 190 ppm and total phosphorus is 0.098-0.1.
(2) Hydrological situation: Wanyuan City is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and is known as the "source of thousands of waters". There are seven major rivers in the territory, including Zhonghe River, Houhe River, Qinhe River, Xishen River, Xiaokou River, Renhe River and Baisha River, which belong to Qujiang River and Hanjiang River. There are 52 rivers with a drainage area of more than 20 kilometers in the city, with a surface runoff of 29.2.
1 100 million cubic meters, and the total domestic water resources are 365,438+42 million cubic meters.
(3) Climate: Wanyuan City belongs to the north subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with mild climate, four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, long frost-free period and great vertical regional differences. Annual average temperature 14.7℃, extreme.
The maximum temperature is 39.7℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -9.4℃, the annual effective accumulated temperature is 4534℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is beneficial to the accumulation of potato dry matter. Average annual rainfall 1246 mm, frost-free period of 236.8 days. The sunshine duration is 1, 474.4 hours, and the light during the potato growing period reaches 1.5 MJ/m2, so the light condition is good, which is especially suitable for potato growth.
(4) Human history: Wanyuan is a red land. During the period of 1929, revolutionary martyr Li Jiajun led the Gujunba uprising that shocked Sichuan, and founded the earliest revolutionary armed forces in Sichuan-the first guerrilla of Sichuan Workers and Peasants Red Army. 1932 to 1935, 1, 1, 1 and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation led the Red Fourth Front Army to the west and marched into Sichuan, and carried out the largest, longest, hardest and most brilliant battle in Wanyuan's history. This is a great event in the modern history of China and a monument in the revolutionary history of our party and army. Nearly 300 soldiers who fought in the war became generals of the Republic after liberation. In the arduous defense of Wanyuan, potatoes were regarded as the main rations of the Red Army and made outstanding contributions to defending Wanyuan.
Wanyuan City is a traditional agricultural county. Affected by geographical location and climate characteristics, farmers in this city have a long history of planting potatoes. As early as the late Qing Dynasty, farmers scattered planting. During the Republic of China, it was planted in large quantities, and gradually formed representative local potato varieties: Milla, Taibai, Man Zi Potato, Dawu Potato, Dajian, Hongkeng, Wanbu, Bashanbai and other nearly 30 local varieties. After the founding of New China, farmers began to change their seeds from high mountains to low mountains. In the 1970s, they began to import Kyle, Wushan and Northeast potatoes from Northeast China and Wanxian. Wanyuan Agricultural Research Institute was established in 1976. In 1977, under the unified arrangement of the Provincial Science and Technology Commission, the Agricultural Research Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences promoted the planting of virus-free potato seed potatoes for agricultural personnel in mountainous areas in northern Sichuan and A Liang, Gansu. The county agricultural institute immediately carried out scientific experiments, tested the stem tips of virus-free potatoes in the laboratory of the county agricultural institute, and cultivated virus-free seedlings in triangular bottles. 65438-0998 introduced virus-free potato varieties, carried out a large number of experiments, demonstrations, high-yield research and large-scale promotion. Virus-free potatoes have gradually replaced varieties that have been used locally for many years, with serious variety degradation and extremely low yield. At present, the main varieties promoted in our city are Atlantic, Feiwuruita, Zaodabai, Kexin 1, Qinyu 30, Bashu 10, Eshu 3, Eshu 5, Chuanyuzao, Chuanyu56 and other early, middle and late maturing varieties with different edible and processing purposes. In many years of planting practice, our city has summarized and popularized a series of high-yield cultivation techniques with potato cultivation and integrated pest control as the main content, cultivated a large number of high-yield typical and scientific demonstration sites (films), accumulated rich scientific cultivation experience and formed a complete set.
Perfect training system. During the period of 1999, the Agricultural Bureau conducted a high-yield research experiment on virus-free potatoes in Tianchiba Village, Batai Township. The yield per mu reached 3636.5 kg, setting a record for the highest yield of potatoes in the mountainous areas around the basin in Sichuan Province. In 2000, the same high-yield research was carried out in Jujiaba Village, Taiping Town, and the yield per mu reached 4230.3 kg, setting a record for the highest potato yield in Sichuan Province. In 2008, the highest yield per mu of potatoes in our city was 493 1 kg, with an average yield of 4657.5 kg, which set a record for the highest yield per mu in our province. The application of some new technologies has been affirmed and appreciated by potato experts in the Provincial Department of Agriculture.