Zhu De and * * * once led GongSiJun and Red Army Corps, which was equivalent to the first army of * * * army started by Chiang Kai-shek. They are * * * the first main force of the Red Army in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian. They developed from the remnants of Nanchang Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising, respectively carrying the glorious past of the first and second guns of armed resistance, and also carrying Zhu De, the founder of Jiangxi Soviet Area, Central Soviet Area and * * *.
With this unique and excellent platform, Lin Biao has a better chance to win the battle, and its reputation has risen accordingly, and it has gradually gained the nickname of "ever-victorious general" than the Red Army or Peng's Red Army, the Red Fifth Army, Xun Huaizhou's He Qi Army and his army.
However, when did Lin Biao get this four-word nickname, who or what organization awarded it, whether there is any record, there is no textual research, or there is no original evidence to be found, and more is word of mouth. Later, all kinds of books were copied in fear.
For example, the biography "This Life of Lin Biao" many years later said that in the fourth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" in February and March of 1932, under the command of Zhu De and Zhou Enlai, Lin Biao led the Red Army Corps to win the ambush battle in Huangpi and Caotaigang. "The victory of the campaign makes the rumor that Lin Biao is good at organizing large troops and large corps to fight more convincing, and the reputation of" ever-victorious general "is also gained.
Whether the Red Army Corps commanding 10,000 to 20,000 people belongs to "large corps operations" is a vague pen used by scholars, compared with hundreds of thousands and millions of later Northeast Field Army. Simply put, there is no written record to call Lin Biao "a victorious general".
It is also said in the book that Lin Biao taught his subordinate Wu experience after the war: "I have the reputation of being an ever-victorious general, which does not mean that I have any special talents. Actually, I only have one talent. I will never miss the chance to win the battle. This opportunity must not be missed. "
No matter where Lin Biao got the saying that "I have the reputation of ever-victorious generals" and who holds this statement, whether it is the authoritative Jiangxi Red Army or just a few men around him, Lin Biao is not really a ever-victorious general. The fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed, and the forced Long March was an example, not to mention the big and small defeats during the period. However, the same is true after the book, "all three people have become successful."
The first person to change the name of Lin Biao's "ever-victorious general" from word of mouth to more formal writing was American journalist edgar snow.
He talked about Lin Biao in his book Red Star over China. "The 28-year-old talented tactician of the Red Army is said to have never lost a battle under his leadership." "All the troops sent to fight with him were annihilated, defeated or subdued by him, but he never defeated himself."
The word "it is said" well illustrates the characteristics of word of mouth before. The saying "I've never lost a battle" is true, although it doesn't have the name of "ever-victorious general".
Red Star over China not only made * * * a household name in the east and west, but also made Lin Biao famous. Later, as his status rose, the number of renderers also increased.
China's second civil war, that is, during the liberation war, when Lin Biao first arrived in the northeast, he commanded 20,000 people to 65,438+10,000 people. The operational command of the large corps is still in the process of familiarity, so after the Siping War, they successively lost ground and retreated thousands of miles.
Many officers and men who were recently commanded by Lin Biao and known as "ever-victorious generals" were disappointed and whispered or lamented behind their backs.
According to the Documentary of the Battle of the Fourth Field Army, Li Zuopeng, director of the Headquarters Operations Department, said to the staff officers: "Now the troops have great opinions on General Manager Lin, saying that he has been in Moscow for several years and can't even fight." The staff also echoed: "Mr. Lin has a lot of strange words! It is said that the ever-victorious general has become a retreat general and an escape general! "
Li Zuopeng joined the Red Army in his early years and served as the messenger and monitor of the Red Army Command. He and his staff called Lin Biao a "victorious general", which was also based on word of mouth. Because of that mysterious legend, he had great admiration, but at the same time he was disappointed, depressed and full of complaints.
After a short setback, he took advantage of the favorable conditions such as relying on the Soviet Union to meet the enemy in the northeast and Chiang Kai-shek's inability to reinforce. Lin Biao began to turn from defeat to victory, and finally swept the Northeast. After entering the customs, according to the regional management arrangement of * * * *, the two provinces of Hunan and Guangdong were swept south, which made the military a rare and unattainable cause of fame and fortune.
Few people give charcoal in the snow, but many people add icing on the cake. As the whip pointed out, there was the sound of horses' hooves everywhere, and Lin Biao's title of "ever-victorious general" was spread again intentionally or unintentionally, and it didn't stop there.
Xiao Ke, chief of staff of the four fields, later recalled that "after he presided over the work of the Central Military Commission, especially after Wen *, his status was higher and his reputation was even greater", and Lin Biao was spread to the gods. Such as "put Lin Biao in the No.2 leader of the Nanchang Uprising; Lin Biao led the rest of the uprising to Jinggangshan to see Chairman Mao ","The Soviet-German War broke out, Stalin held a military meeting, Lin Biao disagreed with them, and Stalin listened to Lin's plan "and so on.
197 1 After Lin Biao's death in September, his reputation once plummeted, but he became more famous when he went to the other extreme "criticism".
197465438+February, Hubei people's publishing house published a book "peeling off the painted skin of general Lin Biao", with a first print of 30,000 copies, specifically criticizing Lin Biao for not being a "ever-victorious general"; Almost at the same time, another publishing house published the book "Stripping the painted skin of the so-called" ever-victorious general "of Lin Biao, a bourgeois careerist, schemer and two-faced.
Previously, Lin Biao was rarely referred to as "the ever-victorious general" in public publications, but he was more known as "the ever-victorious general" in Lin Biao due to the serious book criticism of Hubei People's Publishing House. In addition, Lin Biao's quotations and articles are found in volumes 1 to 10 of Wen * Primary and Secondary Schools, so his false words are well known and deeply rooted.
A few years after the end of Wen *, with the screening of the movie Liaoshen Campaign, some positive comments on Lin Biao came back. The primary school students of that year gradually stepped into youth and middle age, and some of them soon became "die-hard" fans of Lin Biao. They have mushroomed, even surpassing the fanaticism of that year.
Many years later, Xiao Ke Youzi said with emotion: "Although Lin Biao was defeated, it caused profound and extensive public opinion for many years." Of course, he is not referring to the name "ever-victorious general" itself, but many external illusory appendages.
Lin Biao