The bamboo slips of Qin tomb in Yunmeng Shuihudi contain a large number of legal documents of Qin State. One of them records that if a person is guilty and sent to work for atonement, or is sent to work to repay public funds because of corruption, then everyone's daily work can only be counted as 8 pence.
If a criminal needs food provided by the government during labor service, he will be deducted 2 pence a day, which is 60 pence a month.
Then, another law records that the official grain price is 30 pence per stone, and this 60 pence can just buy 2 stones of grain.
According to the records of Liye Qin Bamboo Slips, the normal grain price of Qin was 20 pence at that time. That is to say, if you were guilty in the Qin Dynasty and were arrested for hard labor, the government would charge you for your meal every month, and there was also a difference.
Is this food enough to eat?
Barely enough to eat
Because the ration standard of a soldier in Qin and Han dynasties was 3 stones and 3 liters, 2 stones was enough to eat. But remember, these two grains are millet, not polished rice, and the taste can't be expected.
In the Han dynasty, it was similar. The price of food is a little expensive. Generally speaking, the price of a stone of millet is 30 Wen. So, if you eat meat, what is the price? According to the records of Dunhuang Han bamboo slips, the price of 1 Jin of meat is 9 pence.
According to the records of Han bamboo slips in Juyan, the price of meat at that time was about 6 articles. In the Han bamboo slips of Juyan, there is a file that records some meat prices in detail. Among them, the meat is 65438+4p per catty, the stomach and kidney are 65438+4p per catty, the liver is 42p, the intestine is 27p, the ribs (possibly beef ribs) are 70p, and the bull's head is 1 penny.
According to "Shou Shui Jin Guan Han Bamboo Slips", the price of meat is almost 6, but chicken is very expensive, 154. The price of oils and fats in Han Dynasty fluctuated greatly, because oils and fats in Han Dynasty were sometimes separated.
Therefore, the cheap "fat meat" may be pork suet and the like, and the price is as low as17p or even 6p. And the expensive "fat", 1 kg can be sold for 80p or even 200p. The price of fish fluctuates greatly, and it is cheap15p. Even lower, even up to 3-6p. Expensive, it can reach dozens.
For example, there is a court verdict in Juyan Han bamboo slips.
A man named General Cohen signed a resale contract for 5000 fish in an officer's house. According to the contract, 5000 fish will be sold at the price of 80p and 40 Wan Wen each. In this way, Cohen will only earn back 320 thousand pence. After conversion, each fish can only sell for less than 30p.
Then Cohen will be prosecuted by Soviet police officers .. By the way, Cohen was unlucky in this case and finally appealed.
When Soviet troops sued Cohen, they said that Cohen not only failed to earn enough 400,000 pence, but also sold a cow borrowed from him. Although Cohen will return another cow later, the cow is 20 stone millet cheaper than his own, so Cohen will not only pay him 80 thousand yuan, but also pay him 20 stone millet.
So Cohen will appeal, saying that the Soviet army agreed to give him 1 ox and 27 stone millet as contract remuneration. But when he was about to leave, he said that the price of another black cow was the same, so he replaced it with a black cow.
Later, because the fish couldn't sell so much money, they sold the black cow and got a total of 320 thousand pence, which was given to the Soviet wife.
Because he was still short of 80,000 pence, he sold 1 1,000 pence axle, 3,000 pence leather bag, 2,600 pence sundries, and 24,600 pence grain and meat, and returned them to the Soviet Union.
At the same time, Cohen will also say that his son works in the Soviet Union and manages the fishing ground for the Soviet Union, and his salary is in arrears 100 day, equivalent to 55,000 pence.
Finally, all together, the Soviets still owe Cohen money. According to General Cohen's appeal, the county government sent letters to a number of units involved and related personnel, and summoned Soviet troops for questioning.
As a result, the Soviet army lost his temper directly when questioned by court personnel because of his official position, and even threatened Cohen when the court coordinated-all of these were recorded by the court.
Later, after many trips, the Soviet army felt pressure and gave in, agreeing to Cohen to take back the pledged goods, but still demanding Cohen to lose money.
However, the court did not adopt the demands of the Soviet army, so the Soviet army used military relations to write to the county court and put pressure on the county court.
As a result, the county court rejected the army's written statement, holding that the Soviet army, as a public official, should be sentenced for perjury and dereliction of duty, and send relevant legal documents, evidence, files, confessions and transcripts to higher authorities by express mail.
Finally, under the instructions of the superior, the final result of this case was that the Soviet army was expelled from public office.
Off topic.
Let's continue to talk about the meal label.
Melon in the Han Dynasty (I don't know what melon), 1 is10p.
Vegetables (probably vegetables such as Chinese cabbage), 1 is 2.5 pence.
Sugar, only know that it is cheap as long as 70 pence, I don't know the unit.
The price of salt fluctuates greatly, from a few pence a catty to eight times the price of grain, which has a lot to do with whether salt is produced locally.
Finally, talk about wine.
The price of wine also fluctuated greatly, almost the same as it is now.
However, according to records, the price of ordinary ration wine is almost 4-6 times that of grain in the same period. Considering the original brewing technology in Qin and Han Dynasties, the price is reasonable.
To sum up, if the subject gives each worker a meal label of10p.
This means that you can provide everyone with half a catty of meat or half a fish (3 pence), a Chinese cabbage (2.5 pence), several barrels of wine (1-2 pence), and the rest is used to buy spices and millet.
In this way, you can change the menu at any time and have a hot pot occasionally.
Expand it a little by the way.
What kind of life can the residents of the Han Dynasty live?
Let's take ordinary farmers as an example.
In the Han dynasty, the annual income of ordinary farmers was mainly divided into several sectors-farming, spinning, selling fish, selling pork and selling eggs.
What is the income of farmers in the Han Dynasty from farming for one year?
About ten thousand pence.
The income from knitting can bring about 5,000-8,000 items to the family (depending on the number of women in the family, hand speed and other factors).
A pig can sell for about 800 articles, while every household in rural areas in Han Dynasty raised 2-3 pigs.
Then you can sell some fish-most farmers in the Han Dynasty dug fish ponds.
According to the archaeological excavation of the site of the Western Han Village in Sandaohao, Liaoyang, it is true that every household in the village of the Han Dynasty had pigsty.
A grass-roots farmer in the Han Dynasty, the family is generally two big, three small and five people (Qin and Han laws stipulate that men must be forced to separate when they grow up, so the old people generally don't live with their children if they are not old).
According to the above standards, the annual income of ordinary farmers in Han Dynasty can reach about 20,000.
After deducting tax, clothing, medicine, human feelings and other expenses, you can use the cost of family diet, about 5500 yuan.
You can arrange a meal fee of 90p per person per month. (Note: Farmers in the Han Dynasty were awarded military posts, and farmland houses were allocated by the state. Therefore, the living conditions of the people in the Han Dynasty cannot be directly compared with the modern Engel coefficient. After all, the expenditure and income structure of Han people is different from that of modern people's congresses. ).
On average, the daily meals for a family are 15. According to the price level of the Han Dynasty, although you can't eat meat, eating meat is not too rare. Occasionally, you can buy some sugar, cheese and the like for a rare tooth sacrifice.
As a result, a person's food expenses are similar to those of other people's homes-really enviable.