Cirrhosis is a common chronic diffuse progressive disease, which is a chronic and extensive liver parenchyma damage caused by many reasons. Hepatocytes are extensively degenerated, necrotic and atrophied, replaced by hyperplastic fibrous tissue, and the normal hepatic lobule structure is destroyed, which gradually hardens the liver and becomes cirrhosis. Clinically, there may be no symptoms in the early stage, and various manifestations such as decreased liver function and portal hypertension may occur in the later stage. Although there are many reasons for liver cirrhosis, eating disorders, alcohol and other toxin injuries play an important role in the formation and development of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis should emphasize the rationality and scientificity of diet in their daily life. A high protein diet. High protein diet can promote the repair of damaged hepatocytes, especially for patients with ascites hypoproteinemia without hepatic coma. Under normal circumstances, the daily intake of protein should be 100 ~ 120g, and attention should be paid to a certain amount of high-quality protein. However, those who are prone to hepatic coma should limit the high-protein diet, otherwise hepatic coma will occur. A high vitamin diet. In order to protect liver function, we should pay attention to supplement foods rich in various vitamins and take vitamin tablets when necessary. Take in the right amount of minerals. Recently, it has been reported that the deficiency of zinc and magnesium ions in patients with liver cirrhosis has attracted people's attention. Therefore, we should take a diet rich in zinc and magnesium in our daily diet, such as lean pork, beef and mutton, fish and green leafy vegetables. Peas and dairy products, etc. A low-salt diet. If patients with liver cirrhosis have edema and ascites, they should adopt a low-salt diet and increase protein. Generally, the daily intake of sodium salt should be controlled within1.5g. In the cooking process, salt-free soy sauce and other seasonings can be used for seasoning. In addition, some scholars believe that although eating more vegetables and fruits is beneficial to patients with liver diseases, excessive consumption of foods harmful to the liver, such as lentils, radishes, garlic, onions and spinach, should be prevented. Because this kind of food contains ether oil substances, it will cause bad stimulation to the liver and gallbladder.
Patients with liver cirrhosis can be supplemented by the following dietotherapy.
1. Prunus mume porridge takes Prunus mume 10 ~ 15g and 50g of japonica rice. Mash cherry seeds first, add 500 ml of water, fry to 400 ml, filter to get juice, cook porridge with japonica rice according to the usual method, and take it warm every morning and evening.
2. Stewed turtle with yam longan Take 30 grams of yam slices, longan meat 15 grams, turtle 1 one (about 500 grams). Slaughter the soft-shelled turtle, wash it, remove miscellaneous intestines, put it in a pot with yam and longan, add water 1000 ml, stew it until it is cooked, and take it warm every morning and evening.
3. Steamed Lycium barbarum round fish takes 1 round fish (about 500 ~ 700g), Lycium barbarum 30g, Tricholoma 10g, and appropriate amount of auxiliary materials (refined salt, monosodium glutamate, onion, ginger slices, cooking wine and clear soup). Clean round fish, cut into pieces, blanch in boiling water, and steam with Lycium barbarum, Shuikou mushroom and auxiliary materials. 1 time every other day, eat meat and drink soup.
4. Stewed hen with Angelica sinensis, Radix Codonopsis each 15g, hen 1 hen (about 1 000g), onion, ginger, cooking wine and salt. Wash the hen, put Angelica sinensis and Codonopsis pilosula into the belly of the chicken, put them into a casserole, and add water to taste. After the casserole is boiled, stew it with a small fire and eat meat and soup.
5. Take melon 150g and carp 1 for melon and carp soup. Wash carp and wax gourd, cut into pieces, add water to the pot, eat meat and drink soup. 6. Take 50g of kelp and litchi seed, litchi seed 15g, fennel 15g and green tangerine peel 1g, and add water, and take 1 time every day.
6. 30g of orange cake and egg soup, 2 eggs, and 250g of fresh Hypericum japonicum (dried product100g). Boil the first three ingredients in water until the eggs are cooked, remove the shells and cook for a while. Eat eggs and orange cakes with soup every day 1 time for 10 days. 8. Take Lycium barbarum15g, 8 jujubes and 2 eggs for the soup of Lycium barbarum, jujube and egg. The first three flavors are boiled in soup, the eggs are cooked, shelled and boiled for a while, seasoned and served with soup, 1 time, once every other day, lasting for 2 weeks.
Life adjustment of patients with liver cirrhosis
Rest quietly to restore health.
Liver is the main hub of human metabolism and protein synthesis. When liver cells are separated by hyperplastic fibrous tissue and form nodular pseudolobules, that is, liver cirrhosis, all kinds of blood vessels will lose their normal relationship, and nutritional disorders in liver cells will lead to liver dysfunction, resulting in a series of physiological diseases, such as endocrine disorders and protein inversion. Overworked physical activity will increase the burden on liver cells and aggravate the development of diseases. Therefore, patients in compensatory period should not be overworked, and patients in decompensated period should stay in bed to protect their liver.
Experts believe that rest is more effective than drug therapy and can improve the immunity of the liver itself.
mood
Anger hurts the liver, which is the first taboo. Patients with liver cirrhosis are prone to emotional changes such as irritability, anger and rage, which will stimulate the body to produce stress response and change the endocrine system of the human body. The liver is closely related to the function of endocrine glands, which can promote the synthesis, transformation and decomposition of some hormones. Anger leads to adrenaline secretion, which stimulates liver cells to secrete GPT from liver cells into serum, causing greater damage to liver cells.
In addition, depression, anxiety, sadness and other emotions will lead to stagnation of liver qi. Qi stagnation leads to blood stasis, resulting in congestion and lumps (cirrhosis); The qi stagnation is unfavorable, the body fluid is not dispersed, and the waterway is not lost, which leads to swelling (ascites) and aggravates the condition. Patients must protect their emotional pathways and cooperate with doctors, otherwise, although there is a panacea, it is also in vain.
Prohibition of alcoholic beverages
Patients with liver cirrhosis must absolutely abstain from alcohol. Because the liver is almost the only place where alcohol is metabolized. A large number of studies show that alcohol has direct damage to the liver, and patients must not take it lightly. Some people think it's okay to drink a little or occasionally, but it's not. Any solution containing alcohol, even if the content is small, needs to be decomposed by the liver after entering the body. In the process of its decomposition, coenzyme I is transformed into reduced coenzyme I, which makes the liver cells in the central area of the liver die and fibrosis due to hypoxia. At the same time, the laboratory shows that alcohol can inhibit the secretion and excretion of glycoprotein and albumin synthesized by cells. When liver cells are seriously damaged and the liver itself has fibrosis, drinking alcohol again will increase the burden on the liver, which is not a tragedy for the liver. In a word, drinking alcohol in patients with liver cirrhosis does more harm than good, so we must be careful.