Shanxi seismic belt: Shanxi fault depression belt
Shanxi Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, with Taihang Mountain in the east, the Yellow River meandering eastward in the west and south, and a series of fault basins in the middle, such as Datong, Ding Xin, Lingqiu, Taiyuan, Linfen and Yuncheng, which are separated from north to south in a flying formation. Sanggan River, Hutuo River and Fenhe River flow through it. Humans have lived here since ancient times, and it is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilization in China. Shanxi fault zone is composed of a series of fault basins, and it is also a region with strong seismic activity.
Conditions of Shanxi seismic belt: strike of fault depression belt
Shanxi fault depression belt is generally N-NE S-shaped, belonging to the eastern and southern margin fault zones of Ordos fault block, sandwiched between Luliangshan uplift and Taihang Mountain uplift in the eastern part of Ordos fault block, covering an area of about 35,522 square kilometers. The fault zone consists of two parts: the Shanxi fault zone starts from Houma in the south and reaches Huailai in Hebei in the north. There are fault basins such as Huailai, Yuxian, Datong, Lingqiu, Ding Xin, Taiyuan and Linfen, most of which are in Shanxi; Yuncheng basin, Lingbao basin where Pinglu and Ruicheng are located, is the northeast and east of Weihe fault depression belt.
According to statistics, about 66% of the 120 earthquakes of magnitude 4.7 or greater that occurred in the western province of Zhongshan in recent 4000 years occurred in the fault depression zone. There are only more than 40 moderate and strong earthquakes in the uplift area, accounting for 77.23% of the province.
BEIJING, April 4 (Xinhua) According to the official Weibo news of the National Seismological Network, China Seismological Network officially determined that a magnitude 3.5 earthquake occurred at the border between Yuanqu County and wenxi county (35.3 degrees north latitude,1.7 degrees east longitude) on April 41.7, with a focal depth of 6 kilometers.
Encyclopedia of earthquake knowledge: earthquake magnitude
Magnitude is a standard to measure the magnitude of an earthquake, which is divided according to the energy released by the earthquake. Level? To show. The magnitude was first proposed by American seismologist C.F.Richter when he studied the local earthquake in California in 1935, and the epicentral distance was specified as 100km? Standard seismograph? (or? Anderson seismograph? The period is 0.8s, the magnification is 2800, and the damping coefficient is 0.8). The common logarithm of meters is the magnitude of earthquakes. Later, it was developed into records of telemetering stations and non-standard seismographs, which can also be used to determine the magnitude after conversion. Magnitude can be divided into different categories, such as surface wave magnitude (MS), body wave magnitude (Mb) and near earthquake magnitude (ML), and can also be converted to each other. According to Li Xite's calculation method, the largest earthquake known in 2000 did not exceed 8.9; The smallest earthquake measured by high-power microseismic instrument is -3. According to the magnitude, it can be divided into microseisms, microseisms, weak earthquakes (or small earthquakes), strong earthquakes (or moderate earthquakes) and large earthquakes.
According to the magnitude, earthquakes can be divided into the following categories:
The magnitude of a weak earthquake is less than 3. This kind of earthquake is generally not easy to detect if the source is not very shallow.
The magnitude of the felt earthquake is equal to or greater than 3 and less than or equal to 4.5. People can feel this kind of earthquake, but generally it won't cause damage.
The magnitude of moderate-strong earthquakes is greater than 4.5 and less than 6. It belongs to an earthquake that can cause damage, but the degree of damage is also related to many factors such as focal depth and epicentral distance.
The magnitude of a strong earthquake is equal to or greater than 6. Among them, the magnitude greater than or equal to 8 is also called a giant earthquake.
Earthquakes with a Richter scale of 4.5 or above can be monitored worldwide.
According to the China Seismological Network, 20 10 65438+ 10 24/kloc-0 0: 36 and 14 seconds (Beijing time), at the junction of Hejin City and Wanrong County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province (35.50 degrees north latitude, east longitude/kloc- There is no earthquake in Taiyuan. After the earthquake, the Earthquake Administration of Shanxi Province quickly launched an emergency team to implement a V-level emergency response.
Encyclopedia of Earthquake Knowledge: Earthquake Prevention and Emergency Response
Fortification link
(1) Determination of seismic fortification requirements: make zoning map, carry out seismic zoning and evaluate seismic safety.
(2) Seismic design: design according to seismic fortification requirements and seismic design specifications.
(3) Seismic structure: Construction shall be carried out according to the seismic design.
Simply put, it is to set up measures to prevent earthquake disasters in the process of project construction, involving the whole process of project planning and site selection, project design and construction, and completion acceptance.
Earthquake site
Encyclopedia of earthquake knowledge: earthquake prevention for school personnel
What is most needed in the earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. Schools should usually tell students about earthquakes and earthquake prevention in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, we should arrange the route and venue for students to transfer and evacuate. In a relatively strong and safe room during the earthquake, you can hide under the desk and beside the podium; Students in the teaching building can go to a small room supported by pipes, and students are not allowed to run around or jump off buildings; After the earthquake, we should follow the evacuation route set by the school and evacuate quickly and organized under the command of the teacher. If you are in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down and cover your head with your hands. Pay attention to avoid tall buildings or dangerous objects.
Workshop worker shock absorption
1. If you are at the door of the workshop during the earthquake, you should quickly escape to the outdoor open area for shock absorption.
2. When the workshop is far away from the door, you should quickly hide under the corner, the frame or the middle support column, and turn off the power supply, faucet and welding torch of the machine tool. Generally, the factory building has a large span and is prone to collapse in an earthquake, but the building frames are mostly frame structures, and most of them collapse as a whole. Therefore, it is safer to hide under corners, pillars and machine racks. Workers in the workshop can hide under cars, machine tools and tall equipment. Don't panic and run around.
3. Workers in special posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines in time, and close the operating equipment. Most personnel can be evacuated from the work site; On the premise of safety protection, a few people stay at the scene to monitor the danger at any time, deal with possible accidents in time, and prevent secondary disasters.
Shock absorption of people in moving vehicles
The driver should slow down immediately and brake gradually. Passengers (especially on the train) should hold the handle, post or seat tightly to avoid falling or being injured. And pay attention to prevent luggage from falling from the luggage rack and hurting people. People facing the driving direction should lean their arms against the cushions of the front seats to protect their faces, lean towards the passage and protect their heads with their hands; People with their backs to the direction of driving should protect the back of their heads with their hands, raise their knees to protect their abdomen, tighten their bodies and take a defensive posture.
Shock absorption of people in buildings
Once an earthquake happens, you should first keep a clear head and never jump off a building in a panic. Secondly, you can hide under solid furniture, or in a corner, or you can move to a bathroom and a small studio with more load-bearing walls for a while. Because the bathroom has strong structure, good supporting force and large seismic coefficient. The kitchen is also a small room with many load-bearing walls. However, due to the dense electricity and gas, it is easy to cause natural gas leakage due to pipeline damage during earthquakes, and it is more likely to cause poisoning and fire when hiding inside. So it is not suitable to enter. In a word, according to the building layout and indoor conditions, we can evaluate the situation and find safe spaces and passages to avoid and reduce casualties. If there is an earthquake, you can't use the elevator. If you are locked in the elevator, quickly press all the buttons on each floor of the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety.
A complete collection of earthquake knowledge: family shock absorption
The earthquake warning time is short, and the indoor shock absorption is more real, and the triangular space formed after the collapse of indoor houses is often a relatively safe living place for people, which can be called shock absorption space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports. The places that are easy to form triangular space indoors are: near solid furniture; Inner wall root; Open a small place such as toilet, storage room, etc.
Encyclopedia of earthquake knowledge: earthquake prevention in public places
Listen to the instructions of the field staff, don't panic, don't rush to the exit, avoid crowding, avoid crowds, and avoid being pushed to the wall or fence.
In theaters, gymnasiums, etc. : Squat down or lie under a row of chairs; Pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans; Protect your head with a handbag. After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibition halls, subways, etc. : Choose solid counters and commodities (such as low furniture). ) or pillars, and squat down in the inner corner, and cover your head with your hands or other things; Avoid glass doors and windows, glass windows or counters; Avoid tall and unstable shelves or shelves with heavy objects and fragile items; Avoid advertising signs, chandeliers and other towering or hanging objects.
Encyclopedia of earthquake knowledge: outdoor shock absorption
First, protect your head and avoid dangerous places. When the earth is violently shaking and unstable, people will have the psychology of leaning and grasping something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the objects of support. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous. During the undersea earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture 1987, Japan, many people were killed or injured due to the collapse of precast concrete walls and doorposts. Therefore, be sure not to get close to cement precast slab walls, doorposts and other places to avoid. In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags. In addition, pay attention to the situation that the vending machine falls over and hurts people.
Site selection of open space shock absorption: squat or get down to avoid falling; Don't run around and avoid crowded places; Don't go back indoors casually.
Avoid tall buildings or structures: buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls; Crossing bridges and overpasses; Under tall chimneys and water towers.
Avoid dangerous objects, towering or hanging objects: transformers, telephone poles, street lamps, billboards, cranes, etc.
Avoid other dangerous places: narrow streets; Dangerous old houses and dangerous walls; Under the parapet, high gate face and awning; Bricks, wood and other things piled up.
Encyclopedia of earthquake knowledge: field shock absorption
Those who are in the wild should avoid foothills and steep cliffs to prevent landslides, rolling stones and mudslides. When encountering landslides and landslides, you should run sideways to the direction of the rolling stones and escape from them. You can also hide under solid obstacles, or squat in a ditch or under a ridge; Especially protect your head. Watch out for landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis. Hillside and steep slopes are in danger of landslides and falling rocks, so it is necessary to quickly go to a safe place to absorb shock.