Bai people's hospitality, courtesy before guests is the etiquette of Bai people. The guests came home and entertained each other with wine and tea. The famous three tea is the hospitality of the Bai people. Bai people generally only pour half a cup of tea, but they need a full cup of wine. They think that wine is full of respect and tea is full of deception. Being warmly received by the Bai people, we should say "thank you" and express our gratitude and gratitude.
Respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of the Bai people. When you see the old man, you should take the initiative to say hello, say hello, give up your seat, and offer tea and cigarettes. The first cup of morning tea after getting up should be given to the elderly first. When eating, let the old man sit on the table and let the old man move chopsticks first. Don't swear in front of the old people and cross your legs. In some mountainous areas, Bai family members have relatively fixed seats. Generally, male elders sit on the upper left, female elders sit on the upper right, and guests and younger generations sit on the upper and lower sides. The fireplace of Bai people's family is a sacred place. It is forbidden to spit in the fireplace, and it is forbidden to cross the fireplace. The threshold of Bai people's families is also taboo to sit on people. Tools used by men should not be worn by women. People who wear mourning clothes are forbidden to enter the family, thinking that it will bring impurity to the family.
2. Etiquette and taboos in festivals and sacrificial activities
March Street is a grand festival for the Bai people, which lasts from March 15 to the 20th of the lunar calendar every year. In addition, the Bai people, like the Han people, celebrate the Spring Festival every year from the first day to the tenth day of the first lunar month, and the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is the ancestor worship festival. Bai people have many etiquette taboos in festivals. Killing is prohibited during the annual March rally of the Bai people in Yuanjiang County or during the Tian Zi Temple Fair. Bai people in Dali are not allowed to use knives, carry water, splash water or sweep the floor on the first day of the Lunar New Year. When the Bai people in Nujiang worship their ancestors before dinner on New Year's Eve, outsiders are forbidden to be present. On New Year's Eve, you should get back what you lent to others, otherwise it will be difficult to find money and poor food in the coming year. Therefore, things borrowed from other people's homes must be returned to others before the New Year's Eve. The seventh day of the lunar calendar is Women's Day. Women don't cook, carry water or do any other work, but entertain themselves. Men's Day is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, and men rest. Bai people in Yunlong county are not allowed to wander around in July and a half.
3. Etiquette and taboos in weddings, funerals and childbirth
After pregnancy, Bai women wear a two-room apron with hinges and fold the first page in half at their waist to show happiness. Outsiders should know how to pay attention to key protection when meeting. If a pregnant woman is accidentally injured, it should ensure the safety of mother and child after delivery. In some places, pregnant Bai women cannot enter the bridal chamber of the bride and groom. After the baby falls to the ground, whoever steps into the door of the maternal home first is stepping on life. Bai people believe that whoever tramples on life will be like a child in the future. Bai people are most afraid of people stepping on their lives, so after the child is born, the family should immediately spread three arcs at the door with white lime and tie a green bamboo strip on the threshold. If a boy is born, a straw shoe will be added under the green scorpion, and some even nail a base on the gate to show taboo. If you accidentally break into the parturient's house, you must send the parturient a bowl of fresh thick rice soup, brown sugar, eggs, sweet white wine and a pot of trotters stewed leek roots. On the morning of the third day after delivery, the maternal family members should invite porridge guests or porridge guests. Guests who go to Bai people's homes to cook porridge and rice should pack eggs, brown sugar, children's clothes and children's hats in bamboo baskets to show their congratulations. In Dali and Jianchuan, after giving birth, the host will invite the first guest to eat poached egg jiaozi, and the guest can't refuse, otherwise the host will be angry.
Edit this national diet
The daily diet of Bai people in Dali varies with local products. People in Pingba area live on rice and wheat, while people in mountainous areas live on corn and adopted children. Common vegetables are cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans, peppers and so on. Among the dietary customs of the Bai people, the following have national characteristics.
rawhide
Raw skin is a unique dish of Bai nationality. This is roasting a whole pig or sheep on a straw fire. When it is half-cooked, remove the hair and bake it until the flesh is golden yellow. When eating, cut the meat into shredded pork or sliced meat, and add ginger, onion, garlic, stewed plum, pepper, glutinous rice and other seasonings. It is delicious and fresh, and it is a national delicacy for entertaining guests.
Boiled marine fish in seawater (live boiled live fish or hot and sour fish)
Fishermen near Erhai Lake generally don't need to fry fish, especially fat fish called "oily fish" locally. They scooped water from Erhai Lake. When the water in the pot is boiled, they put in fresh fish, and then put in thick Chili powder and pepper powder. It tastes delicious, spicy and delicious, commonly known as "sea boiled fish".
Xiaguan casserole fish
This is Xiaguan's >>
The Bai people in Pingba area are mainly rice and wheat, while corn and buckwheat are mainly in mountainous areas. Bai people like to eat sour, cold and spicy flavors. They are good at curing ham, bow fish, fried chicken brown, pork liver and other dishes. They also like to eat a unique "raw meat" or "raw skin", that is, roast pork half-cooked, cut into shredded pork, and served with ginger, garlic, vinegar and so on. Bai people also like to drink roasted tea.
The famous three tea is the hospitality of the Bai people.
After a woman gives birth to a child, the host will invite the first guest to eat poached egg jiaozi, and the guest can't refuse, otherwise the host will be angry.
You can eat it when you get married.
Four or four seats (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls).
The daily diet of Bai people in Dali varies with local products. People in Pingba area live on rice and wheat, while people in mountainous areas live on corn and adopted children. Common vegetables are cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans, peppers and so on.
rawhide
Raw skin is a unique dish of Bai nationality. This is roasting a whole pig or sheep on a straw fire. When it is half-cooked, remove the hair and bake it until the flesh is golden yellow. When eating, cut the meat into shredded pork or sliced meat, and add ginger, onion, garlic, stewed plum, pepper, glutinous rice and other seasonings. It is delicious and fresh, and it is a national delicacy for entertaining guests.
Boiled marine fish in seawater
Fishermen near Erhai Lake generally don't need to fry fish, especially fat fish called "oily fish" locally. They scooped water from Erhai Lake. When the water in the pot is boiled, they put in fresh fish, and then put in thick Chili powder and pepper powder. It tastes delicious, spicy and delicious, commonly known as "sea boiled fish".
Xiaguan casserole fish
This is a local specialty of Shimonoseki. The fat carp in Erhai Lake is cleaned by laparotomy, smeared with a little salt, marinated for 10 minutes, put into a casserole together with various ingredients such as ham slices, tender chicken slices, fresh meat slices, pork liver slices, mushrooms, egg rolls, meatballs, sea cucumbers, tofu, magnolia slices, etc., then sprinkled with appropriate seasonings such as pepper, salt and monosodium glutamate, and cooked on a charcoal stove with slow fire. When eating, put the casserole on the mat. It is steaming and delicious.
Braised plums
Plums are produced in Dali, especially on the east bank of Erhai Lake. Plum trees are everywhere in the half-mountain and half-dam area that stretches for hundreds of miles. There are two kinds of plums: bitter plums and salt plums. Stewed plum with bitter plum is a favorite condiment of Bai people. Braised plum is to put bitter plum into a casserole, add salt and pepper, cover it tightly, put it in the middle of a fire pit, pile rice husk around it, light it, and stew it with low fire for one to two days. At this time, the black stewed plum tastes sour and fragrant, so people often eat it raw as seasoning or add brown sugar to make stewed plum soup. Stewed plums can be stored for a year or two without spoilage.
Carve plums
The carved plum produced in Eryuan County is made by soaking salt plum in lime water. After taking it out to dry, carve a continuous zigzag pattern on the plum with a knife, and carefully squeeze out the plum core to make it empty, which looks like a blooming chrysanthemum after flattening. At this time, soak it in wine and then soak it in brown sugar. After a few months, I opened the bottle and took it out. Carved plum is golden in color and fragrant, and it is the first-class fruit produced in Eryuan County.
Every Bai girl in Eryuan is good at carving plums, which has become a sign to measure whether a girl is smart or not. Because in the local wedding custom, before the girl gets married, she must send a plate of carved plum made by the girl herself to her husband's family as a gift. On the wedding night, the bride will arrange desserts and sweet seats for relatives and friends, which is called "putting fruit wine". The tenth case shows the honey money, dried fruit and carved plum that the bride used to entertain her guests, for your comments. As a result, the girls in Eryuan are carefully carved, and the carved plum they make is not only the first-class fruit, but also a handicraft.
Bait block
Bait block, also known as Baba, is a popular traditional snack in Yunnan. However, Dali bait blocks are unique: steamed rice balls are placed on marble mats and rubbed by labor. Wrapped in sugar, walnut salt, halogen rot, etc. Bake in a charcoal stove. This kind of freshly kneaded and burned bait is soft and delicious.
Milk fan
Deng Chuan Dam in Eryuan has fertile land and abundant aquatic plants. Farmers here have a tradition of raising cows. The local milk fans are famous specialties. When making a milk fan, first ferment fresh milk into yogurt water, then put it in a pot and heat it to 60℃-70℃, then pour in fresh milk, gently stir it with bamboo chopsticks, so that protein and fat in the milk gradually coagulate into floccules, then spread it into thin slices with bamboo chopsticks and air dry it on a bamboo rack.
The milk fan is white and yellow, pure and bright, as thin as paper, and rich in nutrients such as protein and fat. It can be eaten raw, fried, steamed or baked. But it is best to fry in sesame oil until it is light yellow, and take it out to cool. Crispy and fragrant, especially delicious. Confucius' Ci is not only a delicacy for Bai banquet guests, but also an indispensable sacrifice ... >>
What are the beliefs and diets of the Bai people? There are three categories, sometimes overlapping.
The first is to protect the belief in God, who is called "Lord". Worship of the Lord is a unique religion that the Bai people believe in. "Lord" is the Lord of the territory of the Bai nationality and the patron saint of a village or a certain area. Almost every village has its own main temple, in which statues of sandalwood wood wood carving, clay sculpture and stone carving are enshrined. Every village worships a different God, O, and every year there is a birthday of the Lord who sacrifices regularly. In this Lord, there are gods of nature worship, heroes worship, royal ministers of civil and military affairs of Nanzhao Dali, and outsiders or unknown figures of all colors. In normal times, regardless of life and death or illness, weddings, festivals, going home and having children, we all go to our main temple to worship and have a meal in order to bless, and we also hope that our Lord will be "responsive" and bless good people.
The second category is Buddhism, especially Tantric Buddhism. Originated in Nanzhao period of Tang Dynasty, it was called Mi Dian. During Nanzhao period, Buddhism spread in the Tang Dynasty, in which Ali, a branch of Tantric Sect, was introduced into Dali area of Yunnan around the Tang Dynasty, and then influenced Dali Kingdom period, and gradually declined after Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The main ways of practice are chanting, meditation and blessing, and there are so-called "three secrets", namely, the secret of language (reciting the truth), the secret of body (signing calligraphy) and the secret of meaning (visualizing the mind). Aliism has been circulating in Dali for a long time and has a wide influence. It was once the dominant religion of Nanzhao Dali, a local political power in southwest China. In the process of long-term inheritance, it interacted and blended with the original religious culture of the Bai nationality, and formed a branch of China Buddhism Tantric Sect with Bai characteristics, which is called "Dali Tantric Sect", "Mibai Sect" and "Mi Dian Sect" for short.
Compared with other tantric schools, "Yunnan Secret" Ali has the following obvious characteristics: First, monks especially worship Guanyin. The title of "Ayiye Guanyin" is rare in Buddhist classics and is unique to Ayili religion. Guanyin statue is slender, with wide shoulders and thin waist, and wears the clothes of Indian bodhisattva, so Bai believers commonly call it thin waist Guanyin. Guanyin is the product of localization and nationalization after Buddhist statues were introduced into Bai areas. Second, the Lord God is a big black god. The Great Black God is a free translation of the Sanskrit "Mahagalo" and the protector of the Ali religion of "Mi Dian". The big black god has a very lofty position in the Bai nationality and enjoys the worship of believers. Third, monks can have families. As a religious school, Yunnan esoteric biography has become history, but as a form of religious belief, it has not completely disappeared from the social life of the Bai people, but has been passed down from generation to generation by the Bai people through integration with other religions. Today, we can still find traces of Alimu in some beliefs of Bai people.
The third category is Taoism and other natural religions, which are also manifested in Dali and other areas where Bai people live in concentrated communities. Bai people have been in contact with Han people for a long time and are very familiar with Han folk culture. Among them, the belief in ghosts and gods related to Taoism in Han customs is also manifested in Bai culture.
Regarding the Bai people's settlements, clothing characteristics, eating habits and major festivals, just look at Baidu Encyclopedia directly ... The following is what I copied:
The Bai nationality is the largest ethnic minority in China 15, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and other provinces, among which the Bai nationality in Yunnan Province has the largest population and mainly lives in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. In addition, it is also distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing.
Bai costumes have formed their own national characteristics in the long historical development process. Bai people advocate white, and their clothing styles are slightly different from place to place, and white clothes are noble.
From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the ancestors of the Bai nationality took Dianchi Lake as the center, and the K people in Yunnan wore feather crowns. In the bronze dance statues unearthed in Shizhai Mountain, Jinning, the dancers are all wearing feather crowns, long feathers on their heads, upper bodies and skirts with animal skins and feathers. Erhai area, Xi 'erman, one of the ancestors of Bai nationality in the early Tang Dynasty, was covered with felt skin for men and women and J cloth for women. Both men and women are barefoot. There are five clouds in Yunnan Annals: "There are men in white in the east, and couples in white, but they can't kneel." "Woman, don't make up, with crisp hair. You wear brocade as your skirt. " "If the fourth army is below Luo Mao, it is not allowed to wear horns when the amount is a bun; When the top is tied into a bun and covered with felt. Vulgarity is common, but headgear has special ears. Nanzhao uses HongLing, and the rest uses soap silk. " Cao Chang wants to wear a gold burial belt below. "Those who have extraordinary skills will have to wear all polo skins (that is, tiger skins)." Nanzhao royal family, Qingping officials and generals have all served Hanfu, with round neck, wide robe and big sleeves, wide pants and tight legs, and boots. The imperial edict's head sac is Zhong Ding style, the civil servant's head sac is black lotus style, and the military attache's head sac is tiger head style.
Ancient Bai nationality
The costumes of the Bai people in Dali, the royal family and officials all wear silks and satins. The wearing of color in Yuan Dynasty "slightly originated from Han Dynasty", "Men wear felt-like vertebral bun, and women don't apply powder, which makes them crisp. Green yarn is woven around the head system and wrapped in a black scarf. Ear gold ring, arm wrapped in ivory. The clothes are embroidered, and the semi-fine felt is the top. "
Men in central areas such as Dali usually wrap white or blue buns, wear white double-breasted clothes, black collars and jackets, and wear white and blue pants. Bai men in the east of Erhai Lake wear suede collars, or leather and satin collars, embroidered bellies and blue or black trousers at the waist. When they go out, they often carry bags, and some even carry long knives.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the whole, the costumes of Bai people are similar everywhere, while the costumes of women are different everywhere.
Women's wear varies from place to place. In Dali area, people often wrap their heads with embroidered cloth or colored towels, and wear white coats and red vests, or light blue coats and coats with black velvet collars. Silver ornaments of "three beards" and "five beards" are hung on the right, and short waist, wide blue trousers and embroidered shoes are embroidered at the waist. Married people tie their hair in a bun, while unmarried people hang it on their backs or braid it on their heads, all of which are wrapped in embroidery, printing or colored towels. There is a familiar word on the headdress of Bai girls, and that is: romantic love. Commentary: the hat of the Bai girl, Keiko hanging down is the wind of Shimonoseki; Gorgeous floral decorations are flowers on the gate; The top of the hat is as white as Cangshan snow; The curved shape is the moon in Erhai Lake.
Women's headdresses are even more colorful: unmarried women in Dali comb their braids, put them outside the flower handkerchief, wrap them with flower ribbons, and hang a bunch of Bai Liusu on the left; After marriage, the braid is changed into a bun, put on the top of the head, wrapped with a dyed or batik blue cloth handkerchief and wrapped with plain cloth strips. Girls in Yufeng, Deng Chuan and Eryuan like to wear "Fengpa"; In some places, flowers are wrapped in towels or braids are wrapped around their heads, and then a bunch of red ropes are wrapped around them; In some places, the headdress is "one tile"; In some places, people's heads are covered with many pieces of head cloth, and the outermost piece of cloth is embroidered with patterns that Bai people like. It's especially nice to surround it with headbands of various colors. Women like bracelets and pendant earrings with jade or silver. Urban residents wear more Chinese clothes, while young people love fashion.
Hand-thank: In Fengyubaozi, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, Bai girls and their daughters-in-law have learned the custom of making hand-thank since childhood. Women who can't make birthday shoes are often ridiculed as incompetent. Hand shoes, made of red satin or cloth. A long-lived pattern is spelled out on the toe, and an elegant pine and cypress is embroidered under the pattern, embroidered with blue silk thread; The heel of the vamp is a symmetrical right triangle pattern; Three-layer sole. Wearing long-lived shoes marks that people have entered old age, which is both blessed and blessed. Talents usually start to wear their first pair of shoes on their 60th birthdays.
traditional festival
Torch grab
March Street, also known as Guanyin City, is a grand festival and ceremony for the Bai people. The lunar calendar is held from March 15th to 20th at the foot of Diancang Mountain in western Dali. At first, it was full of religious activities, and later it gradually turned into a grand material exchange meeting.
Torch Festival is held in Baitun Village on June 25th of the China lunar calendar.
Around the three spirits, in late April of the lunar calendar, three or four days.
Shi Baoshan Song Festival, held in Shibao at the end of July of the lunar calendar ...
What do Bai people eat? The main characteristics of Chinese cabbage are sour, spicy and slightly hemp. It mainly takes local animals and plants as raw materials and has strong local and ethnic colors. The most common food is fish.
Bai costumes and 30-50-word Bai costumes have a long historical development process, in which they have formed their own national characteristics. Bai people advocate white, and their clothing styles are slightly different from place to place, and white clothes are noble.
Bai people attach importance to festivals, and almost every festival has one or several kinds of food. For example, eating Tintin Sugar, making rice tea, and eating rice in Jiangzhai during the Spring Festival; Eat steamed cakes and noodles in March Street; Tomb-Sweeping Day eats assorted cold dishes and "Zhai Xiang Yan" (fried crispy meat); Eat zongzi and realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival; Eat new beans, tender melons, old grain mixed with new rice in the new year; Eat sweets and all kinds of sweets on Torch Festival; Eating morels, checking fish and meat without restraint; Eat white cakes and drunken cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival; Eat fat sheep on the Double Ninth Festival; A farm that eats fried grains and mutton on the solstice in winter.
Bai people used to use "eight bowls of Xizhou soil" for wedding banquets, which consisted of eight hot dishes: red rice stewed with red meat; Crispy meat fried with egg paste; Add soy sauce and honey to steam thousands of pork with five flowers and three lines; Steamed pork with sweet potato or potato; Dry incense of pig head, pig liver and pork; White lentils wrapped in minced meat and egg crumbs; Chopsticks made of fungus, tofu, water, shredded eggs and vegetable stalks; Fried pork strips with bamboo shoots. Besides, each guest has a packet of coconuts.
Bai people also have dietary taboos, mainly because they don't use iron knives on New Year's Day. Housewives should cook quietly, not blowing fire, and must go to the well to "fetch water". Cooking at home is all about stir-frying and stir-frying. You can't use red, you can't make red packets of vegetables into twists, and the elders sit on the younger generation to serve.
What are the customs and habits of the Bai people, what house do they live in and what kind of housing do they like to eat?
In the housing form of Bai people, the dam area is mostly "three long houses", with huts with kitchens, barns and yards, or tile houses with "one front and two ears", "three sides and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios", with bedrooms, kitchens and barns separated. Most of the mountainous areas are straw houses, "flash houses", bamboo baskets or "wooden cribs" with stables upstairs and downstairs, and cooking and sleeping places are often connected.
marriage customs
In Baijia, the son separated from his parents after marriage. Bai people share the same surname and do not marry.
Young men and women of Bai nationality are relatively free in love activities. They usually use labor, fairs, festivals and temple fairs to fall in love, test each other through folk songs, express their feelings and find their own Mr Right.
White wedding
When a young Bai man woos a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will humiliate the room and make fish soup; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show off her cooking skills. During the wedding, tea is served first, and then four or four seats are set (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls). The way to treat guests for nothing, whether at ordinary times or on holidays, is to give Shen Feng tea first, and pour it three times in a row, which is the so-called three teas. Can't pour tea for guests. There is a folk saying that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit."
Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or crowded place, the guests who accompany him will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.
White wedding
Bai nationality is monogamous, and the wedding is grand and warm. According to the traditional custom, on the wedding day, the groom and the boys must get married on a big horse. After the bride marries back, she should pay New Year greetings to the elders at home, and then invite them to dinner. The bride and groom will accompany the guests for dinner. At this time, guests can ask questions to the newlyweds or let them perform programs. The wedding was shrouded in cheers and laughter. The most distinctive thing is to light Chili powder at the wedding. Many people sneeze and cough in laughter, which is very lively.
There are three forms of Bai marriage: one is to marry the daughter to the man's house, accounting for the majority; The second is to invite the uncle to come to the door. This situation is mainly because the woman's parents have no sons, and even if they do, they are stupid and sick, so they invited the uncle to come to the door. The uncle who comes to the door must change the woman's surname and then be renamed by the woman's elders; The third is the form of returning to the door, that is, seven days after marriage, the wife takes her husband with curtains and bedding and goes back to the woman's house to live. Because the woman's family has brothers, but they are too young and their parents are old, they have to "roll up the accounts" to support the elderly and take care of their siblings. After the younger brother grew up and got married, the man took his wife back to his home. These three forms of marriage have a long history and are still in use today. But no matter what kind of marriage, the date and process of marriage are basically the same. It's just that a woman marries a man, not a man marries a woman, and the roles of the two sides are reversed. When a son gets married, he will usually separate from his parents and form a small family. Parents choose who to live with, and generally choose to live with their youngest son. Therefore, monogamous family is a common form of family organization for Bai people.
According to the custom of Bai nationality, if her husband dies, the wife can observe the festival for life or remarry, but she must not take her ex-husband's property with her when remarried. In some areas, there is also the custom of changing rooms. After the death of my brother, my sister-in-law can marry my brother and be called my uncle's sister-in-law, but this phenomenon is rare.
eating habits
Bai people attach importance to festivals, and almost every festival has one or several kinds of food. For example, eating Tintin Sugar, making rice tea, and eating rice in Jiangzhai during the Spring Festival; Eat steamed cakes and noodles in March Street; Tomb-Sweeping Day eats assorted cold dishes and "Zhai Xiang Yan" (fried crispy meat); Eat zongzi and realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival; Eat new beans, tender melons, old grain mixed with new rice in the new year; Eat sweets and all kinds of sweets on Torch Festival; Eating morels, checking fish and meat without restraint; Eat white cakes and drunken cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival; Eat fat sheep on the Double Ninth Festival; A farm that eats fried grains and mutton on the solstice in winter.
Bai nationality diet
Bai people used to use "eight bowls of Xizhou soil" for wedding banquets, which consisted of eight hot dishes: red rice stewed with red meat; Crispy meat fried with egg paste; Add soy sauce and honey to steam thousands of pork with five flowers and three lines; Steamed pork with sweet potato or potato; Dry incense of pig head, pig liver and pork; White lentils wrapped in minced meat and egg crumbs; Chopsticks made of fungus, tofu, water, shredded eggs and vegetable stalks; Fried pork strips with bamboo shoots. Besides, each guest has a packet of coconuts.
Bai people also have dietary taboos, mainly because they don't use iron knives on New Year's Day. Housewives should cook quietly, not blowing fire, and must go to the well to "fetch water". Cooking at home is all about stir-frying and stir-frying. You can't use red food, and you can't make red packets and twists in advance ... >>
What are the customs of Bai nationality? 30 points Bai people's customs and habits
Bai nationality is a minority with a long history and culture in the southwest frontier of China. Mainly distributed in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, Lijiang, Bijiang, Baoshan, Nanhua, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Anning and other places, as well as Bijie in Guizhou, Liangshan in Sichuan and Sangzhi County in Hunan. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Bai nationality is 1858063. Use white language, belonging to Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language family. Most residents speak their own language, and Chinese is widely used. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, "K-writing" (white writing) was used, that is, the so-called "white reading of Chinese characters". Bai people use Chinese characters to write, but they have their own language and rich literature and art. Good at managing agriculture and salt azaleas. Three teas are a traditional way for Bai people in Yunnan to drink tea when entertaining VIPs.
Bai nationality is an ancient nationality, which is related to the ancient Qiang nationality. As early as 1 century (Han dynasty), it was distributed in Erhai Lake area. In the 2nd century AD, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a county here. In the 3rd-4th century, due to the war, many Han people took refuge in the white area, and some of them merged with it. In 7 15, a large number of people of all ethnic groups who moved from eastern Yunnan to Erhai area merged with the Bai people. /kloc-Around the 0/4th century, many Han people stationed in the army lived here, and later they merged with the local Bai people. Later, some Yi and Achang ethnic groups were also integrated into the Bai ethnic group. Especially in Dali period, Bai people formed an ancient nation with common language and culture, close economic level and relatively fixed residence. After the Tang dynasty, Dali surrendered to the central government, and was more influenced by the Han people in the mainland in culture and economy, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce were further developed. By the Yuan Dynasty, it was already a very prosperous city. Dali has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. In this beautiful and rich land, the hardworking and brave Bai people are famous for their long history and developed culture. The rich and colorful customs have attracted many tourists. Dali Bai nationality has a long history and developed culture. 1253, the Yuan Dynasty established a province in Yunnan and set up Dali Road and Heqing Road in Dali area. In the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Dali House and Heqing House, and the policy of changing soil into water was implemented. The Qing dynasty continued to follow the policies of the Ming dynasty, but appointed some local officials and chiefs in remote mountainous areas.
In ancient Bai people, there was a combination of music and dance. Genesis, a long poem circulated among the people, tells the story of Pangu's creation and traces the equal life of the Bai people in primitive society without class oppression and exploitation. It is "the world is peaceful", "regardless of the rich and the poor" and "the people value fat". Poems such as On the Road, Peony in Daci Temple and Cave of Heaven by Yang Qikun, a Bai poet in Nanzhao, are called "master" masterpieces and included in the whole Tang poetry. Literary works such as Wang Fuyun, Snake Bone Pagoda, Killing State Officials and Hooking the Moon Head praised the heroes of the ancient Bai people in class struggle and production struggle. Nanzhao's famous lion dance was introduced to the Central Plains in the Tang Dynasty, and Nanzhao's sacred music was listed as one of the 14 pieces of music in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Diao is a widely circulated metrical poem "3715" (the first three sentences and seven words, the last five words). In the middle of15th century, some scholars used this folk song form to write famous poems, such as "Ci Ji Hua Shan Bei" written by Yang Nai. "Blowing and blowing" in white drama is a comprehensive art developed on the basis of the early "Big Ben".
Important festival
There are many Bai festivals, except Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Duanyang Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, just like Han festivals. There are also some festivals with strong national characteristics, such as Three Ghosts Festival, Chicken Feet Song Festival, March Street, Yutan Festival, Transplanting Festival, Torch Festival and Shi Baoshan Song Festival, among which Shi Baoshan Song Festival is the most interesting.
(1) Shi Baoshan Song Club
On the third day of the seventh lunar month every year, tens of thousands of She people in Jianchuan and its surrounding counties such as Yunlong, Eryuan, Lanping, Heqing and Lijiang gather in the mountains and plains such as Shizhong Temple, Baoxiang Temple, Haiyuju Temple and Jinding Temple in Jianchuan, and even play duet with Bai love songs in front of solemn temple statues. Sometimes when a song meets an opponent, it often duets for days and nights, inseparable. Songs will make unmarried young men and women who didn't know each other become lifelong partners. Occasionally you can see the custom of "sexual intercourse" between young men and women left over from ancient times.
(2) Bai Torch Festival
Every year, the 25th day of the sixth lunar month is a grand festival for the Bai people-Torch Festival.
On this day, besides dragon boat racing and horse racing, the most distinctive activity is playing with fire. Torches are made of dried branches or chopped branches; Every Bai village in Erhai Lake has a big fire handle, and the firewood and work of the fire handle were organized by some jubilant families that year. A few days before the Torch Festival, several families got together ... >>