Seven dishes are the traditional folk custom of Han nationality in Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province. In Chaoshan Plain, the custom of eating seven dishes on the seventh day of the first lunar month has a long history. On the seventh day of the first lunar month, people cook seven kinds of vegetables together, which means they can improve their eyesight and prosper. This custom can be traced back to the Jin Dynasty. Dong Xun, minister of Jin Ichiro, wrote in the Courtesy Question and Answer: "The first day of the first month is a chicken, the second day is a dog, the third day is a pig, the fourth day is a sheep, the fifth day is a cow, the sixth day is a horse, and the seventh day is a man", also known as "people win the festival".
Chaoshan custom, on the seventh day of the first month, people must eat a cake made of seven vegetables. Over time, Chaoshan people no longer make cakes, but directly put seven kinds of vegetables in a pot and eat them at noon, which is called "seven kinds of soups". These seven dishes are generally radish, Chinese cabbage, onion, garlic, leek, celery and spring vegetables.
Among them, radish means "innocence"; Leek, commonly known as long dish, adopts "rejuvenation" like spring dish; Onions are "smart"; Celery needs diligence; The combination of garlic and thick is "a good deal for everything". Before eating these seven dishes, the elders always say: the home is clean and white, the Chinese New Year is full of energy, smart and hardworking, and everything is cost-effective, by hook or by crook.
Seven courses are usually fixed with five courses, namely celery, garlic, onion, coriander (coriander) and leek. The homonym "Qin" of celery is "diligence"; Garlic homophonic "calculation"; Onion homonym "from"; Coriander's "coriander" homophonic "edge"; The homonym of leek is "Jiujiu". These five dishes are harmonious and auspicious, mainly for the good luck of the New Year.
The other two are flexibly matched according to local customs and tastes. In some places, fish and meat are used instead. Fish means "more than a year", eating meat means a rich life, and even fruit can replace it. It is said that if you eat "seven dishes", you can pick up gold and silver hair. When you get rich that year, it is a must-eat food for every household in Chaoshan on the seventh day of the first month.
Seven kinds of dishes in Meizhou Hakka area are mainly celery, garlic, onion, leek and coriander. There must be five kinds of dishes, and the other is fish and pork (or other dishes such as "meatballs" and "mustard greens"). Seven dishes should be cooked at the same time and shared by the whole family. These seven dishes are symbolic according to homophones.
The word "Qin" in "Qin" is homophonic with the word "Qin", which means "Qin, Qin"; The word "garlic" is homophonic with "calculation" and "cost-effective", meaning "careful calculation will be cost-effective"; The word "onion" is homophonic with the word "Qiao", meaning "smart and capable".
The word "leek" of "leek" is homophone with the word "long", which means long and long; The word "pill" of "meatball" is similar to the word "round" of "reunion", which means "round and round"; The word "Yu" in "fish" and "Yu" means more than one year; The word "rot" of "tofu" is homophonic with the word "rich", indicating that life is rich. Hakka people believe that after eating these seven dishes, they hope that people can be diligent, cost-effective, smart, predestined, long-lasting, redundant and rich.
"Seven dishes" is an auspicious dish in the final analysis. Eating seven dishes can not only bring good luck in festivals, but also play a role in regulating the stomach. In addition, there is a saying in Hakka areas: "After eating seven kinds of vegetables, everyone will do odd jobs", which means that after eating seven kinds of vegetables, they will start working. Therefore, eating "seven dishes" on the seventh day is actually a groundbreaking ceremony after the year.
On the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, these seven dishes sell well. In major farmers' markets and supermarkets, seven kinds of vegetables, such as celery, onion, garlic, mustard greens, spring vegetables and leeks, are sold together in the morning, or put in various baskets, so that citizens can enjoy the fun of "self-help" when choosing "seven kinds of vegetables". Some hotels and restaurants have also specially launched this "auspicious dish", which is favored by diners.
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