Feeding methods of goldfish and koi fish
Everyone who raises fish for the first time has the experience of dead fish, because they haven't understood this knowledge yet. Generally speaking, goldfish can be raised well as long as it is carefully raised, properly managed, with fresh bait, fixed quality, quantitative and regular feeding, attention to stocking density, control of water temperature changes and good water quality. Here is a brief introduction to the minimum instructions that must be paid attention to in keeping goldfish for your reference.
To raise a good fish, you must first learn to buy a good fish;
1. Excellent goldfish have beautiful conditional morphology, well-proportioned body, wide and short tail fin and obvious variety characteristics; The body color is rich and beautiful, eye-catching and has a distinct aesthetic feeling; Beautiful sports, steady and elegant swimming and beautiful appearance.
2. How to choose healthy goldfish Healthy fish swim, feed and compete for food in the middle and lower water, swim naturally and leisurely, live in groups with other fish, and the tail fin is clear, transparent and elegant. If you swim with your head down, floating and struggling, you can't buy sick fish with trauma, white hair and white spots, thick tail fins, cloudy eyes, dim body color and loneliness. Just learning to raise fish has a process of skill accumulation. You don't have to choose perfect fish, buy cheap fish. Of course, you can't ignore buying healthy fish.
2. Before keeping goldfish, you should prepare a fish tank that is not too small, mainly depending on the size and quantity of goldfish you keep. Pay attention to the density of fish. Novices often buy the fish they like when they see it, and seldom care about how many fish can be raised in the tank. Even if they ask the fishmonger for advice for profit, can they ask you to buy less? In my experience, it takes at least 3 liters of water to raise fish with a length of 1 cm. If your fish tank is filled with 100 liter of water, you can feed 3 fish with 10 cm and 8 fish with 5 ~ 6 cm (relatively narrow). In winter, the temperature is low, feeding is less, and it can be properly dense. Goldfish are more active in a larger space, and their body color is more vivid. Too high density can easily lead to lack of oxygen in water, deterioration of water quality, and illness and death of goldfish.
Third, the fresh water for keeping goldfish should be stored for one or two days, which is called sun-drying. On the one hand, the purpose is to remove some chlorine from water, and on the other hand, to make the temperature of new water close to that of old water. If there is not enough time, when there is little difference between the old and new water temperatures, the oxygen pump can be used to explode the water, and the chlorine removal effect can be achieved in about 2 hours.
Fourth, buy goldfish must be oxygenated to avoid being suffocated on the way home. The goldfish is home, don't rush into the tank. Put the plastic bag with fish in the fish tank 10 to 20 minutes before opening it, so that the water in the tank can flow back into the bag for many times and gradually mix with the original water in the bag, so that the fish can gradually adapt to the water temperature and quality in their new home. If there is a light, turn it off. In the dark, fish are quiet and not easily frightened.
Five can't significantly change the water temperature. Goldfish can survive in a wide temperature range, and can still maintain life under ice in winter. As long as they are not exposed to the hot sun, they can live normally on a hot day. However, if the temperature changes sharply, they will get sick or die. When buying fish, pay attention to the water temperature of the aquarium and the water temperature of your own aquarium. The deviation should not be too big, generally within 4 degrees is allowed.
Sixth, you can't change too much water at a time, otherwise the water quality will suddenly change, which will lead to the discomfort of goldfish. Goldfish has adapted to the original water quality. If the water quality changes suddenly, goldfish will get sick or even die suddenly.
How to feed. Take it once or twice a day within 5 to 10 minutes. Feed less in rainy days and not at night. Fish need to consume more oxygen when digesting food. On rainy days and nights, the air pressure is low, so the dissolved oxygen in the water is low. In this case, feeding the fish may lead to serious hypoxia in the water and kill the fish. This is why most dead fish happen at night. According to the color of fish manure, we can distinguish the saturated digestion and absorption of goldfish hunger: if the fish manure is green, brown or black, it means that the fish is suitable for feeding and absorbs well. If the fish manure is white, it means that the fish is full.
Eight ingredients must be clean. Feeding unclean fish food can easily lead to fish diseases. Although goldfish like live food best, goldfish who eat live food grow faster. However, live food grows in polluted water environment and is easy to be contaminated with germs, so be careful when releasing live food. It is recommended to buy brand-name frozen fresh foods produced by professional companies, such as red worms and bumper shrimp, supplemented by beans and vegetables, to maintain comprehensive nutrition. Breadform is also a favorite living food for goldfish, which has high nutritional value and can also be properly fed.
Keep the water clean. Goldfish eat a lot, consume a lot of oxygen, and discharge a lot of waste to pollute water and breed germs. In order to keep the water clean, it is necessary to install a filter, remove the wrinkles and residual bait at the bottom of the pool every day, and replace one tenth of the old water, especially in summer. It is best to use filtration with aeration design, so that filtration and aeration can be carried out at the same time, even if the water body is purified and oxygenated.
Do not bring oil into the water. Oil pollution will float on the water surface to isolate the air, so that the oxygen in the water can not be replenished, leading to the death of goldfish due to lack of oxygen. Eating meat or applying hand cream on your hands will bring oil into the water and should be carefully avoided.
It's best to start with wenyu goldfish. The cultured goldfish have strong foraging ability and strong physique, and are not easily injured by accidents. Raising precious fish after accumulating experience can reduce losses. Koi fish is a CYPRINIDAE fish, with auspicious dragons and phoenixes. It is a large ornamental fish with bright colors and various stripes, and enjoys the reputation of "living gem in water". Koi fish, a lucky fish, originated in China and improved its seed production in Japan. After years of cross breeding, koi fish, a dragon and phoenix with systematic characteristics, has been formed. The breeding of dragons and phoenixes in koi fish attracts people's attention because of its considerable economic benefits. Since japanese koi was introduced to China in 1980s, after nearly 20 years of development, especially with the enhancement of people's consumption demand and the improvement of appreciation level, a large-scale koi fish fish culture has been formed in the whole country, especially in the Pearl River Delta, and it has become a good export product. Koi fish pond culture technology is introduced as follows:
First, the choice of pond.
As an ornamental fish, koi fish Longfeng Fish not only considers its growth speed, but also emphasizes the cultivation of image beauty. Aquaculture products require beautiful body color and physique. In addition, the quality of the environment directly affects the body color of koi fish. It is best to choose humus soil in the pond, where the terrain is leeward and sunny, and grass is planted in the water. By artificially improving its living environment, we can achieve the goal of improving the dragon and phoenix koi fish. It is best to have spring water in the water, so that various mineral elements and other components in the water can increase the pigment of the fish body, and make the koi fish body more colorful and beautiful, with sufficient dissolved oxygen.
Second, the breeding of Longfeng koi fish
The breeding age of koi fish is generally between 3 ~ 10, and its weight is above 1.5 kg. Parents who are excellent, strong, harmless and free from pests and diseases are selected, and male and female are separated 1 month before the breeding period. The breeding time of koi fish is usually around May every year. When the water temperature is stable above 16℃, the male and female fish in koi fish can be picked out according to the ratio of 1:3 and put into the prepared pool, and the disinfected fish nests can be put into the pool in advance. Let them lay their own eggs. After observing their spawning, take out the parent fish immediately and leave the fish nest in the pool to hatch. After 5 ~ 7 days, the fry are hatched and cultivated.
Third, stocking and feeding.
In courtyards and hotels, ponds can be built for decorative purposes. The pond should not be too deep, 0.6 ~ 0.8 meters is appropriate, which is convenient for viewing. This kind of breeding is single, the density can be slightly higher, and 3 ~ 5 koi fish can be raised per square meter. For large-scale cement pond culture, the stocking density should be 1 ~ 3 per square meter of water surface, and grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp can be mixed appropriately. Feeding should be "four fixed". Usually feed it twice a day, after sunrise in the morning and before sunset in the afternoon. The daily feeding amount should be 2% ~ 10% of the fish weight, and it is better to eat it within 20 ~ 30 minutes. The types of feed should be diverse. At the same time, the bait is required to be free from pollution, corruption and deterioration.
Fourth, management and disease prevention.
It is necessary to strengthen daily inspections, keep the dragon and phoenix koi fish culture pond for viewing clean, so as not to affect the viewing effect, and regularly replenish fresh water or adopt micro-flow culture. Aquarium culture should pay attention to changing water and mixing water to keep the water fresh and suitable water level. Pond culture requires that the water quality should be "fat", "alive", "tender" and "cool" to facilitate the growth of koi fish. In hot and rainy weather, attention should be paid to increasing the oxygen in the pond to prevent flooding. Koi fish, where dragons and phoenixes are auspicious, has strong vitality and seldom gets sick. However, attention should be paid to the disinfection of breeding ponds and fish bodies. Those raised in the aquarium can be washed with 3% salt solution for a short time when changing water. Commonly used drugs, such as quicklime and trichlorfon, should be put into the pond regularly and fed with furan bait. Ponds with serious illness should be diagnosed and treated in time. At the same time, we should pay attention to prevent the injury and destruction of waterfowl, snakes, rats and man-made people, and avoid unnecessary economic losses. Generally refers to 15-35cm. In terms of red and white, bold big patterns are more futuristic than cute little patterns. When fish grow up, well-configured patterns will be uncoordinated. Koi fish with large patterns will not be wasted when he grows up, but it will look good when he grows up with a proper white background. When you grow up, you need a thick skull, a smooth figure and a thick tail to buy high-quality young fish. Pay attention to red and white collocation, and the white background should be pure white. If there are some small spots on the fin, they will disappear with the growth. The deeper the red level, the neater the edge. The consistency of the red class is more important than the hue. As long as the texture is uniform, the edges are clearly defined, and the white background is flawless, the future will be better. ① Be familiar with the habits and breeding methods of the fish you want to buy before buying, and don't buy beautiful fish when you see them;
Be sure to buy healthy fish. The identification method is as follows: first, look at whether the fish's skin has bloodshot, scales, white spots and white hairs, wounds, or whether the fins are damaged. Sometimes you need to look from above, and you may see it more clearly if there is light; Then see if the fish swims freely and evenly, and whether the fins stretch naturally; Third, see if there are dead fish and sick fish in the same tank; Fourth, see if the water color of the fish tank is normal. If the water color is abnormal, it may be that the boss is treating the fish; There is also a common method, which is suitable for some kinds of fish: shake your palm back and forth in front of the fish tank, and healthy fish often have a big appetite and will come after you;
(3) Don't buy fish with physical defects unless you think this defect will help you cultivate new varieties;
Don't be too greedy, it is often cheap to buy a lame donkey. As an ornamental, it is very uncomfortable to have flaws; Try to buy underage fish, one is to save money, and the other is to adapt to the environment easily. If you buy old fish, your adaptability to the new environment will be poor. Besides, it won't be long before you die. What's the point? ! Of course, you can't buy fish that are too small. First, it is too weak to eat. Second, some characteristics can't be shown. It is hard to say whether it can grow into a fish that meets the requirements in the future. Longfeng koi fish
⑥ It's best to choose one with a large amount of fish. First, there is a lot of choice. Second, the price is cheap. Third, it is not easy to buy residual fish and eliminate fish.
⑦ It is best not to buy fish that has just arrived in the local area, because I don't know whether it is suitable for the local water quality and whether it is sick. It's best to keep it in an aquarium for a week before buying it.
Step 5 bring fish
Fish are usually packed in plastic bags. Note that plastic bags should not leak or be too small. Don't fill it with water, leave a space full of air 1/3- 1/2. Long-distance transportation of plastic bags can be filled with oxygen, or oxygen-increasing tablets can be placed to ensure that there is no lack of oxygen on the way. It is hot in summer, so salt and antibiotics can be properly added to the water. It's cold in winter, so you can use foam to keep warm. For high-oxygen fish and high-grade fish, the density in the bag should be reduced appropriately. 1, "hanging fish" or "pouring water"
The water temperature and quality in the plastic bag for fish brought from outside are different from those in your own tank. If you put the fish directly into the tank, the water temperature and quality will suddenly change, which will make the exhausted fish worse and easily lead to the death of the fish. The solution is "hanging fish" or "pouring water".
"Hanging fish" can only solve the problem of water temperature difference, and it is suitable for general fish with strong adaptability to water quality: put the plastic bag with fish in the tank, let it float naturally on the water surface for 10 minute (winter time can be appropriately extended), and when the temperature is the same, pour the fish into the tank or fish it into the tank. I prefer "fishing" because I am not at ease with the water outside. Of course, "hanging upside down" also has its advantages: if you don't touch the fish, it won't get hurt easily.
"Pour water" may be more gentle. Suggestions for fish with high water quality: gently pour the water and fish in plastic bags into an open container, take out the water from the container and slowly add it to the container until it accounts for about 1/5 of the original water, then let it stand for 5 minutes, then pour out the water from the container 1/5, then add the water from the container 1/4, and then let it stand .. and so on. Note that in winter, it is best to let the container float in the cylinder during the static process to ensure that the temperature gradually approaches, because if the room temperature is low, 5 minutes is enough to cool the water.
2, isolated feeding
It is best not to put the newly bought fish directly into the feeding trough, but to put it in an isolation container for a period of time, otherwise once it is brought into fish disease, it may lead to the annihilation of the whole army, and it will be too late to regret it!
It is best to use a glass jar as an isolation container for easy observation. The volume can be slightly smaller than the feeding tank, and it is not allowed to spread sand or plant grass. After releasing the fish, add gentamycin injection. You can take twice the weight of the water in the tank as the weight, calculate the daily dosage of the human body as the dose, and put it in the tank at one time. The isolated feeding time shall not be less than 65438 0 weeks. Pay attention to observation during the period and deal with the condition in time. Please make sure that you are not sick before entering the feeding box for normal feeding.
Step 3: Feed
After the fish is put into the culture container, the most basic work every day is to feed. If you feed too much, the bait will be left, and if there is too much fish manure, the water quality will be easily turbid. If you feed too little, the fish will naturally be underfed. The frequency of feeding and the amount of feeding each time should be mastered according to the specific situation. Different species, sizes, development stages and water temperatures have different requirements for fish feed. For example, at the optimum growth temperature, fish have a large amount of activity and strong metabolism, and need more food; If the temperature is close to the lower limit that the fish can bear, and the fish seldom move, it is necessary to reduce the feeding amount; Koi fish carp need more food than ordinary tropical fish. Young fish should eat more than adult fish. Generally, the daily feeding frequency should be controlled at 1-3 times. The amount of feed to be fed each time should be controlled according to the size of fish, the number of fish and the number of feeding times per day.
Feeding 1 time a day should be enough, and there should be room for feeding. You can't finish it at that time, but you can finish it in the same day. If you feed it 2-3 times a day, you can feed it to 80% full, and it will be eaten in about 10 minutes, leaving no residual bait. For the same kind of fish, if it is fed with fine bait such as fish and worms, the feeding time can be appropriately longer, and if it is fed with larger bait such as small fish, the feeding time can be shorter; For the same bait, the feeding time of small fish can be shorter and the feeding time of big fish can be longer. When feeding, it is best not to feed all the bait at once, but to feed it in 2-3 times, and then feed a part after the last bait is basically eaten. This is not easy to overdose, but also stimulates the appetite of fish, and at the same time, a large amount of bait will not fall into the bottom sand when the fish has no time to eat. How do I know if the fish is full? Every time a certain bait is put in, the feeding situation can be observed. At first, the fish reacted quickly, so they swam to swallow it and ate it quickly one after another. Later, it was slow and not so exciting; Later, ignoring the bait, or hesitating, means you are full. Write down the total feeding amount this time, and you will know the "appetite" of the fish in a few days.