China Clinical Nutrition Network
Author: Xie Jinyun (Ke Aiying, a full-time nutritionist, graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University and worked in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Mainly responsible for hospital dietary management, dietary guidance for infants and pregnant women. )
Formula description:
According to different physical labor intensity and actual weight categories (emaciation, normal and overweight or obesity), the energy required per kilogram of standard weight per day is determined. According to the similar food exchange list, choose food for recipe design.
In order to control blood sugar, it is a weighing diet that requires energy calculation.
Applicable people: examples of one-day recipes for diabetic patients
Example: Make a diet and nutrition recipe for the following situations.
Ideal weight: 175- 105=70Kg.
Body mass index: 80/ 1.75? =26. 1, overweight.
According to the calculation, the daily energy supply is 1400 ~ 1700 kcal/day, and 1500 kcal/day is given here.
WS/T 429—20 13
breakfast
Snacks: apples [apples 200g]
lunch
Noon: sugar-free yogurt [sugar-free yogurt 250g]
dinner
Evening: Citrus [Citrus 200g]
Dietary guidance for diabetes mellitus
1. In order to control the stability of blood sugar, it is suggested that diabetic patients try to choose foods with relatively low GI value to prevent postprandial blood sugar fluctuation. It is suggested to replace flour and rice with coarse grains, miscellaneous grains and whole wheat bread. Or you can choose dark green vegetables, which can delay the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and reduce GI.
2. For overweight and obese diabetic patients, a low-energy and low-fat diet should be adopted, and both saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids should be strictly restricted.
3. The normal metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein in diabetic patients needs micronutrients. Proper and balanced intake of vitamins and trace elements is beneficial to correct the metabolic disorder of diabetic patients and prevent complications.
Dietary advice for diabetes mellitus
1. Arrange meals reasonably
Ensure at least three meals a day, and the daily total energy intake range is subject to personal blood sugar fluctuation and hunger. Do a combination of thickness and meat. The daily staple food is controlled at 200 ~ 250g.
2. Appropriately limit the intake of carbohydrates.
You can choose high-quality carbohydrates, such as whole wheat bread, brown rice, rye, barley and so on. The equivalent substitution of high-quality carbohydrates is related to the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
3. Ensure that protein is sufficient.
Protein is the main raw material of various enzymes and some hormones in human body. It can also be converted into sugar by heterotrophic action of glucose. Through the complex diet of cereals and beans, protein can complement each other and improve its nutritional value.
4. Light and less salt, control the intake of fat.
The daily fat requirement of diabetic patients is 0.6~ 1g/Kg, accounting for 20%~30% of the total energy. It is necessary to avoid foods containing saturated fatty acids to help prevent type 2 diabetes. Unsaturated fatty acids are mostly found in nuts, deep-sea fish and other foods. Help protect the cardiovascular system.
5. It is recommended to take dietary fiber properly, with a daily intake of about 30g.
Dietary fiber helps to delay the digestion and absorption time of food, inhibit the rapid rise of postprandial blood sugar, and help stabilize postprandial blood sugar.
Suggestions on diabetes exercise
1. After dinner 1~2 hours later, start exercising. Exercise after meals can reduce postprandial blood sugar.
2. Moderate intensity exercise of 0 150~300min per week can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 28.5% ~ 67%. Such as walking, running, cycling, swimming, etc.
3. Eat properly before or during exercise to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise. Exercise can control blood sugar and blood lipid, prevent or delay the occurrence of complications and improve physical fitness.
References:
WS/T 429-2013 Dietary Guidance for Adult Diabetic Patients
Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Residents in China 20 13 Edition
Dietary Guidelines for China Residents 20 16 Edition
Metformin lifestyle intervention can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes. British medical journal, 2002,346: 393-403
China clinical nutrition net editorial department x bu ai Xin ying
202 1.4.29