Cognitive steps

It is often said that the two most difficult things in the world are taking money from other people's pockets and stuffing ideas into other people's minds. This statement is wrong, because you never need to "cram ideas into other people's minds", you need to make them accept it. You never need to take money from other people's pockets, you need to let them do it themselves. Everyone likes buying things, not being sold.

The subject of the speech is not the speaker you, but the audience "he". You should know his "listening logic" well, not your "speaking logic". If this basic foothold is wrong, nothing is right.

How come? According to the audience's "listening logic", lay a "cognitive step" for them step by step.

Three key points in formulating cognitive steps

First, speak according to people's thinking clues rather than the tree structure of knowledge.

Most people's thinking is linear, not tree-like or network-like. Tree thinking is a very few smart people; Netted thinking is a great wisdom that is hard to find in the world.

There are several kinds of linear thinking, such as "problem-cause-scheme". When an old Chinese doctor sees a doctor, he usually sees you first, and then asks, does it hurt to press between your third and fourth ribs? You press it, wow, it hurts. Then the old Chinese doctor said, why, you really understand. Then if he doesn't say anything, you will ask: What should I do? This is a normal person's thinking clue.

Another linear thinking is called "phenomenon-principle-application". You see, the hot water switches of the water dispenser are all on the left, and the fire doors are pushed into the corridor. Why? This is a phenomenon. Then extend the principle. According to this principle, how can you borrow the principle behind it when designing a mobile app?

So imagine yourself as a tour guide. Your aim is to take tourists from point A to point B along a road with steps at every step. You should know how to pave the steps all the way so that tourists can have a safe and perfect experience, instead of standing at point C and feeling sorry for yourself.

Second, undeniable facts+irrefutable logic.

Paving the steps is a question asked by the university. Every step should be solid (an undeniable fact), and every step should be connected (irrefutable logic).

Every case you say must stand up to Google; Every number must stand Baidu. More importantly, there must be a strict causal relationship between each case and your conclusion.

Undeniable facts, especially irrefutable logic, are the basic skills of an orator and need years of practice.

Third, with a sense of humor, let the road of cognition be full of scenery.

A sense of humor is the best reward, and it is the joy of being rewarded after understanding a certain knowledge point and accepting a certain point of view.

A sense of humor doesn't mean making fun of others, let alone telling dirty jokes. A sense of humor comes from wisdom. If you really want to tell jokes, tell your own jokes. Call yourself self-deprecating and others ironic. A sense of humor is wise self-mockery.

What is a "cognitive ladder"? It has its own laws and logic for the audience to acquire a kind of knowledge and accept an idea. Designing a speech step by step according to "listening logic" rather than "speech logic" and guiding the audience in the direction you guide is called laying a "cognitive ladder"

Picture sense

Speech is the ability to convey information through language. However, language is not the most effective tool to convey information. Language conveys less information than sound; Sound transmits less information than pictures. Therefore, usually, only 7% of the information the audience gets from the speech comes from language, 38% from intonation and sound, and the remaining 55% comes from body language and pictures seen with eyes.

Try to let the audience see the scenery in your language with their eyes and let them listen to the speech with their eyes. This is the so-called sense of picture.

Picture sense can greatly increase the bandwidth of language and convey complex emotions to the audience in simple words.

Several tips for building a sense of picture.

First, specific to the details.

The sense of picture comes from the concrete and even detailed scenery. There are props, especially the more specific and detailed props, the more visual effects. For example, you want to say, "People have been using WeChat for a long time now, and the way to draw pictures is" How many of you, like me, brush your circle of friends after getting up in the morning and before brushing your teeth (pause)? "There is a bed, a toothbrush and a specific scene.

Second, be good at using analogy.

Compare an abstract thing with a concrete thing; Comparing an unfamiliar thing with a familiar thing, it is easy to produce a "picture sense." The key to analogy is to use the conjunction "quite" well.

For example, if you want to talk about the unfamiliar Palestinian-Israeli war, you should compare it with something familiar. The vivid statement is that "the dispute between China and China, from the Arab point of view, is' equivalent to' Japan occupying the three northeastern provinces, and then it is said that it will be returned to the Shandong Peninsula for peace, and the people will never agree to it; From the Jewish point of view, this is "equivalent to" the old headquarters of the Ming Dynasty to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain its sight, saying that you Manchu occupied our Han land and we want it back today.

Third, the finishing touch is parallelism.

Parallelism can increase the impact of the picture.

For example, I have a dream that one day on the red hill in Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners can sit down together and share brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even Mississippi, a place where justice disappears and oppression prevails.

A desert-like place will also become an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that one day my four children will live in a country where they will be judged not by the color of their skin but by their character.

Paibi is a big dish, just like braised elbows. Use what you need, not more. Otherwise, the audience will think the taste is too strong.

Open and close.

A wonderful opening can help you get a pre-judgment score for your speech; A lingering ending can add points to your speech.

Wonderful opening and golden sentence ending

A wonderful opening statement must help the speaker attract attention and stimulate curiosity.

First, ask questions.

"Is there an immortal creature in this world?"

When everyone's attention and curiosity are attracted, you can project a picture of "lighthouse jellyfish" and ask yourself.

A: "Scientists have announced that they have discovered perhaps the only creature that will not die as long as it is not eaten: the lighthouse jellyfish. Why can you live forever? What did it do right? What enlightenment can it give to enterprise management? I will share it with you below. "

Asking questions and creating suspense is one of the most important skills in opening.

Second, humor.

Simple humor can not stimulate curiosity about the content behind it, but it can effectively gather attention.

Some lecture venues have terraced classrooms, terraced seats and spotlights, which will naturally attract people's attention. But some lecture venues, such as classrooms and most conference rooms, are "not on fire", so you need to find your own way. Humor is a very effective tool.

You can prepare 3 to 5 self-deprecating jokes and then choose to use them on different occasions.

Third, relevance.

Relevance will give the audience a strong sense of substitution and gain attention.

Before the speech, think carefully, find a strong connection between the audience and the topic, make people think, or laugh.

Fourth, cut to the chase.

You are standing in the center of the stage, everyone is silent, and there is only one light in the darkness, hitting you. What should you say at this time?

"Thank you for the invitation of the organizing committee, and thank you for coming. I am very honored. " When you say that, your anger will dissipate immediately.

If the concentration of attention at the scene is already high, your best strategy is: cut to the chase.

Speech is an art about attention and curiosity. Starting with the above four methods, we can quickly catch the audience and get the pre-judgment score. Even if what you say later is worse, it is estimated that it is not much worse.

So, how to end it?

The speech is coming to an end, and you have made the finishing point to review several key points.

Then, say what?

"That's all for today, thank you!" This ending is not bad, but it is not good. A good ending should be the strongest voice of your whole speech, which will buzz around the audience for three days.

There is a very important skill: the golden sentence ending method. The greatest function of golden sentences is that if you remember them clearly, you will get a lot of extra points.

A wonderful opening can help you get a pre-judgment score for your speech; A lingering ending can add points to your speech. There are pre-judgment points and extra points in your pocket, so it is not a big problem to pass the exam.

Finally, I remind you that a wonderful opening and a touching ending can't replace the content of the speech after all. After picking the drooping fruit, you should practice deliberately and strive for perfection.

Off-script speech

What is the biggest difference between reciting and speaking? Reciting, in essence, is to finish the work of "organizing the language on the spot" in the speech in advance. Just like the plane meal prepared by the airline in advance, it will be heated for you after take-off.

How to get rid of the bad habit of "reciting speeches"

First, use PPT instead of lecture notes.

Using PPT instead of written speech can make you focus on the logic of your speech rather than the specific words. Logic and materials can be prepared in advance; Text must be organized on the website. This is like recipes and raw materials, which can be prepared in advance; But vegetables must be fried now. The ability to "organize language on the spot" is your cooking.

With logic and material, if you are still afraid of forgetting the details on the spot, you can write more tips in the "Remarks" on each page of PPT, and then display them in the "Speaker View" dual screen, so that the audience can only watch PPT, but still see the remarks.

Second, use hand cards instead of PPT.

Any excellent speech comes from careful preparation: logic, materials and a lot of practice.

The hand card is a tool commonly used by the host to hint at words. On these small cards, you can write down the core logic, key data, main cases, repeated sentences, redundant appendices and so on. Then arrange them in the order of your speech, and then you can give a speech on stage.

Speaking with PPT, you can't delete PPT, add PPT or adjust PPT order at the same time. But the hand can. Handcards are a big step towards real ready-made speeches.

Third, don't take off the manuscript.

Is the ready-made speech' reciting'?

Reciting speeches is a worse habit than reciting speeches. In reciting a speech, at least you don't have to worry about making mistakes, so you still have the spare capacity to care about your tone. And reciting the speech, almost all your efforts are in memory.

Don't use reading and reciting to cover up the lack of "on-site organization language" ability, and don't be afraid of making a fool of yourself. All early gaffes are for later Excellence. Practice slowly, from reading the manuscript to PPT；; From PPT to mobile card; From hand card to manuscript release.

To train oral English, we need to get rid of a bad habit: reading aloud, whether reading speeches or watching PPT. The essence of reading aloud is to finish the work of "organizing language on the spot" in advance. Delicious meals must be cooked fresh. The best food, from the pot to the table, can't even exceed 30 seconds.

Speech club

Organizational structure will inevitably lead to the delay and loss of information transmission, so CEOs especially need a cross-level, high-power and penetrating "broadcast communication" tool, that is: speech.

Every CEO or classmate who is interested in becoming a CEO must practice his speech well.

How to practice? You can try to set up a mutual talk club, find 20 friends, get together once a week 1 time, and each time four people speak, each person 1 quarter of an hour. Comment on each other and make progress together.

The Speech Club is a place where people are allowed to try and correct mistakes. You can use this form to pay attention to the following four speech skills that require a lot of experience.

Four speech skills that need to be practiced.

First, overcome nervousness.

The way to overcome nervousness is to be fully prepared. The sufficient standard is: the material of the speech, twice the time of the speech. This is the same as "liquidity, double current liabilities".

Overcome the tension of "brain blank" Try to practice the first three sentences of the speech repeatedly before going on stage. These three sentences will pull you out of the brain blank and into the prepared speech logic.

Overcome the tension of "having two more hands". Do you feel that there is no place to put your hands and you can't wait to chop them off? This is because your attention is on yourself, and you keep thinking, "Will I make a fool of myself?" . Try to focus on the audience and think, "I must make them gain something", and you forget your hand. If you really can't forget it, take a page-turning pen or microphone and practice slowly.

Second, emotional interaction.

First of all, don't sit and talk, which will seriously hinder your interaction; Don't stand behind the podium and speak. Come out. Secondly, practice looking into the eyes of the audience. If you are afraid, look at the top of your head first. Don't stare at the most beautiful audience, be exposed to the rain and dew. Thirdly, make good use of the pause, and the audience watching the mobile phone will look up to see what happened. You can also drink water gracefully instead of pausing. Finally, the speech is cadence.

After practice, ask everyone: How many of you saw me smiling at you alone? If it doesn't exceed 80%, then continue to practice.

Third, question and answer.

You can't pretend to represent absolute truth and speak in the tone of "you listen to me" At the end of every lecture, Professor Li Shanyou almost always says, "Everything I said today is wrong." . This is a fact.

Fourth, tell a good story.

Telling a good story is the key to grasping people's hearts in a speech; Suspense is the core of telling a good story.