Founded in 1755, before the founding of the United States, the Qiao Family Courtyard is a "pearl built by the southern residence" and is known as the "Royal Palace Museum, the house looks at the Qiao Family".
Qiao Family Courtyard is the home of Qiao Zhiyong, a famous trade and financial capitalist at home and abroad in the Qing Dynasty, but he believes that "the fluency of spring coins should be like running water, and the faster and wider it flows, the better it will bring to more people." Qiao Zhiyong himself is really not interested in buying a house or land. The courtyard was formerly a tubular building built by Qiao Zhiyong's grandfather Qiao Guifa, and then Qiao Zhiyong's father built a simple courtyard beside it.
Qiao Zhiyong has been buying and selling and showing respect all his life. He remembered grandpa's hardships in doing business in the west in order to survive. His life was simple, his family rules were strict, and he kept his faith, which brought the business of the Qiao family to the peak. But life always has shortcomings. None of Qiao Zhiyong's six sons is the heir to ambition. Happily, the eldest grandson Joe inherited his grandfather's virtue of "trust, loyalty and timidity", and Joe took over the business of the Qiao family.
When Joe was a teenager, he was in the period of political reform and reform. He respects Kang Heliang very much and worships oriental civilization very much. Joe, who is indifferent to ideas and advocates new things, spares no effort to create miracles for public welfare undertakings. She was also the first person in Qixian county to run a school, ban elegant movies, promote sports and wear a suit to cut braids.
After Xia Ying, the "first faction", took charge of Shuaiyin, he said to his grandfather Qiao Zhiyong, "Look, you have been busy all your life, but you can't keep anything." Plus at that time, everyone was born with more teeth. After all, Qiao Zhiyong approved Sun Ziqiao to turn over the old house in his later years.
The Qiao Family Courtyard we see now consists of five parts, namely, the Central Hall, Dexing Hall, Baoyuan Hall, Ningshou Hall and Garden. However, this five series is not while the iron is hot, but it took generations of Qiao family 120 years to build the present scope. Although it was done in stages, it was also perfect.
The status of Ningshoutang was originally the former residence of Qiao Zhiyong's grandfather Qiao Guifa, commonly known as "Old Courtyard". With the continuous expansion of heirs, Ningshoutang came into being in the early years of the Republic of China. Dexing Hall was built by Joe, the eldest son of Qiao Guifa, and the largest "nave" was the house set up by the third generation Qiao Zhiyong when Joe's family was well-off. Baoyuantang is another courtyard of Ningshoutang, which was built by the children of the Qiao family. At that time, there was no garden.
These four "churches" enclose the Qiao family in a castle-like building complex, so they are not to show off their strength, but because they are at a crossroads. In the middle and early period of Guangxu, the society was in turmoil and the public order was unstable. In order to cover their own safety, the Qiao family bought the property rights of the streets and lanes at that time with 450 taels of silver, and then blocked the alleys and sealed the houses, connecting the "halls" internally.
Behind this century-old city wall is the magnificent building complex of the Qiao Family Courtyard. In the center of the top floor above the gate hangs the plaque of "Blessing nirvana in fire" presented by Empress Dowager Cixi to Shanxi Governor.
/kloc-in 0/900, Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, and Cixi and Guangxu fled to xi 'an, passing by Qixian County. (At the time of writing this article, the little lady was also writing a trip to Britain. Two rulers of the unified era, Victoria and Cixi, one expanded the territory of the island country to the biggest era of "the sun never sets" and the other ceded territory for mercy. Let's learn from history. )。
Although the Qing Dynasty was already a declining dynasty, with the ambition that every man was responsible for the rise and fall of the country, the Qiao family not only provided temporary palaces for Cixi and Guangxu, but also paid 654.38+2 million taels of silver to Cixi and her party when other shops in Shanxi refused to borrow money from the royal family.
After Cixi was rescued and returned to Beijing, she sent plaques and gifts to the Qiao family, and all the money remitted by provincial governors was handed over to the Qiao family's bank for operation. Even in boxer indemnity, even the silver with principal and interest of about 654.38+000 billion taels is managed by Qiao Family Bank.
I started reading Qiao Zhiyong's In nave as soon as I entered the door, with an area of 10642 square meters. There are 6 courtyards, 20 small courtyards and 365,438+03 rooms, which are in the shape of a double "hi". The 80-meter straight stone tunnel divides six courtyards into two rows. When it is really a small home, the light tunnel is like the cold alley of Pingyao ancient city (if you want to compare the path of Pingyao ancient city, you can click "It's really old if you don't start!" 》)。 The entrance to the tunnel is the Qiao family ancestral hall, which is far from the gate and has a temple-style layout.
Qiao Zhiyong, in the middle of the hall, lived through Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu Dynasties, at the age of 89. By the time Qiao Zhiyong was born, through the efforts of grandpa and parents, the family was already very rich. However, Qiao Zhiyong lost his parents and was brought up by his brother and sister-in-law. His loving brother and sister-in-law hoped that Qiao Zhiyong would be distracted in his studies, and Xiao Zhiyong was also a scholar when he was young. However, after the business was severely hit by the war, Qiao Zhiyong's brother became ill, and Qiao Zhiyong, who was originally a Confucian scholar, had to take over the family business.
Although it was the early Qing Dynasty, it was peaceful and prosperous, but Qiao Zhiyong adhered to Confucianism, attaching importance to faith first, emphasizing canon second and benefiting people third. His way of doing business pushed the business of the jstars to the peak. He accumulated virtue all his life and helped the poor. Guangxu three years, Shanxi drought. He once opened a warehouse to help, and Guangxu's eight-year edition of Seven Sages was narrated and rewarded. Qiao Zhiyong also donated a warship to Beiyang Navy in his later years, but it's a pity ... Well, let's not digress today, let's talk about the Qiao Family Courtyard.
This is nave's first hospital. Wu Gallery has eaves, doors and hidden columns.
Stepping into the first hospital, there is a large brick carving temple, carved with stone mountains and deer with ganoderma lucidum.
Qiao Zhiyong's grandson is the tenth and youngest grandson, Qiao Yingnan's bedroom. Qiao Yingnan comes from a weak background, but he is very smart. He likes calligraphy and painting and collecting, but he doesn't talk much. Later, I married a wife who smoked Asian films. As a result, she was close to ink, and she also smoked. Taking drugs is forbidden by "Master Joe", but the housekeeper turns a blind eye, because the English man is sickly and is Qiao Zhiyong's little grandson. As a result, the jstars split up behind Grandpa Qiao Zhiyong, and the British men became more addicted to the fog, exhausted their possessions and made comedies all their lives. It can be seen that indulgence is harmful.
Men's meeting room. There are square tables against the wall on three sides, arranged in a zigzag pattern. Banners are hung on the four walls to show the cultivation and lifestyle of the guests.
Day club. There is an unchanging rule in the jstars that men over seven years old must eat together. One is to be friendly, the other is to discuss events at the dinner table, and the third is to let young people learn the etiquette at the dinner table from their predecessors. Chopsticks can't move if people are not neat. You can't bend over to feed behind your elders, nor can you drip. The food given by the elders to the younger generation can't be shirked, and it can't be used as leftovers. Have special blue overalls when eating, wash your hands before meals, rinse your mouth after meals, be quiet when eating, and discuss business one hour after meals.
Qiao Zhiyong's third son Qiao Jingyan's bedroom and study are in the middle of Joe's father's bedroom, living room and study.
Qiao Zhiyong's third son, Qiao Jingyan, was born in Xianfeng for nine years and took care of the housework "in nave". He is mature and kind, and sticks to his ancestral teachings, but he is not flexible and conscientious. Like to discuss acupuncture skills, familiar with Huangdi Neijing and Compendium of Materia Medica. This study is where Qiao Jingyan treats his family and fellow villagers. He also donated money to Qiaojiabao Village, and was responsible for repairing Yonghe Canal of Fuxi River, which was completed in the last year of Guangxu and could irrigate more than a thousand mu of land. And the middle school founded by my cousin's grandson Qu and the girls' school founded by Meng Buyun of our county in the province all gave me huge donations.
The place where Qiao Zhiyong lives, meets people and reads books in daily life.
Qiao Zhiyong's life is extraordinary. He founded Shengdetong and Shengdefeng Bank, which made today's UnionPay "Huitong World". Although he was "happy from now on", he never pursued luxury and was very kind to people. He also urged his descendants to "guard against arrogance, greed and laziness", not to squander food, not to eat, drink and gamble, and not to take concubines.
Qiao Zhiyong has married six wives in his life, not concubinage, but mistresses (the old man's life made the little lady say something ...), and one of them is the daughter of the first horse owner of the "four big families" in ancient Pingyao.
This is Qiao Ying's nanny's bedroom, which looks as good as the guest's, but why the latecomers put these two pictures on the wall makes the little lady puzzled. If the Qiao family has differences with other small families, they don't need maids, but only poor girls over 40, so as to avoid any misconduct between their children and maids. The money that the jstars give their families every year is high or low. Among the maids, the wet nurse is the highest, with 80 taels a year. There are mothers who do needlework and handymen, but the Qiao family always calls the maid "sister-in-law" and the one with the same surname is called "sister", which fully reflects the respect for the working people.
Joe's big kitchen. Master Qiao's skill is no less than that of an apprentice in the Capital Hotel, and his manpower is not low. He can get 100-200 taels of silver every year, and the rest cooks get 40-60 taels. Who can not only get paid regularly, but also get rewards on holidays. Joe's family regularly sends noodles, meat, firewood and coal to his servants' homes. So all the skilled workers who came here disdained to go anywhere else and worked for the jstars all their lives.
Joe is also very strict with the chef. In addition to honing your skills, you must be honest and have no bad hobbies. You must shave your head twice a month, take three baths, cut your nails every five days and keep your apron, kitchen cloth and shoes clean.
The jstars attach great importance to their children's education. Long before the popularization of public schools, Qiao Chaowu of Baoyuantang suggested establishing a "Fu CuO School" for Qiao's clansmen, and invited famous teachers to teach. With the prosperity of population, Qiao Zhiyong rebuilt his old residence and set up this family school in nave. At first, it was based on the four books and five classics, and later with the development of the times, mathematics, science and English were added.
The salaries of Joe's teachers, Boxers and treasurers are very high, ranging from 200 to 500. In addition to being a man, he treats her husband's life as a guest of honor, supported by special extremely talented people and servants.
From here on, the younger generation of the Qiao family has 17 college students, two of whom went overseas and obtained doctoral degrees in the United States.
Qiao Zhiyong carved Zhu Xi's motto on the screen door of Ming Lou Yuan as the principle of nave's family management. If children and grandchildren make mistakes, Qiao Zhiyong will strictly instruct them to kneel on their backs until they clearly regret their mistakes. He advised future generations to "avoid dryness, avoid rhetoric, avoid dew, avoid learning, be bold, want to be small, know the circle and do what they want."
Entering the Second Hospital, the turtle back pattern was reflected on the wall, and dozens of hexagonal brick carvings were used in the center of the wall to show the death in the middle, with a simple and generous surface. Look, there is a cat squatting on the roof of the water tank to drink water. A passenger with insufficient feet tried to kick it into the water tank, and the little lady drank it. I really want to kick him into the water tank!
The woodcarving and brick carving in each courtyard of Qiao's compound are all fine, too fine and too particular.
One of the three treasures of Qiao family: rosewood Jiulong screen. It is 2.7 meters high and 4.07 meters long, and each screen is inlaid with a jade dragon. At the top of the picture, there are 72 little dragons with different postures around here, which are elegant, peaceful and poor.
Joe Sambo II: Rhinoceros Moon Mirror. It is two meters high and weighs a ton. The frame is carved with rosewood in Southeast Asia. There was originally a bronze mirror in the middle, representing a round jade wheel, and Xiangyun in the middle. The base is rhinoceros, the treasure of Qiao family's house, which has been placed at the gate. Legend has it that the rhinoceros was originally a general in heaven, and was expelled from the world for violating the rules of heaven, and became a rhinoceros (how is this the same as that of Pig Bajie ...). He suffered a lot in the world of mortals, so he often missed his career in the Heavenly Palace, so he visited the Moon Palace at night and looked forward to returning to the celestial world. The official name of rhinoceros is "happiness", that is, happiness comes suddenly, for celebration and auspiciousness.
Three treasures of Joe: a pair of Kowloon lanterns. This is a gift from Cixi to the Qiao family when she fled back to Beijing. Kowloon lanterns are full of meaning. There are nine dragons on each lantern, and several dragons at the grass-roots level are in the shape of "ten thousand characters" in Buddhism. After lighting lanterns, they can naturally migrate and change. This lamp is an orphan in China, and the third one has not been invented yet.
Walking through the six courtyards of the "Central Temple", climbing the mountain in the trough is no easier than the day before yesterday.
Except for the six courtyards of the nave, the other three "halls" and flower beds were restored on the basis of the previous site, not my old house.
"Dexing Hall" is in the shape of "longevity", with 5 courtyards and 8 small courtyards, 159 in Yuheng.
The Qiao family participated in sponsoring Shanxi dealers to redeem Yangquan coal mine in the hands of the British and spent a lot of money. So the compound was not built at all, and it became the so-called "garden" now.
"Ningshou Hall" and "Baoyuantang" have 7 courtyards, 13 small courtyards and 259 in Yuheng.
Because the last three courtyards were rebuilt on the old site, they don't introduce the living conditions of the Qiao family at that time like In nave, but mostly introduce some customs and habits at that time, which may make tourists get involved in taking pictures. After so much walking, it's still interesting to pose like this, but after such restoration and merger, the tickets with reduced prices are very expensive ~