Digestive and absorptive functions of 7- 12 month-old infants.
1. The development of the baby's digestive tract begins in the fetal period, and it does not continue to take shape until one year old, so its digestive ability is weak.
2. Infants under one year old should eat cereals, beans, poultry, meat, fish, liver, eggs, milk, vegetable oil, dark vegetables and fruits in a planned way to meet the needs of infant brain cells and physical development.
3, no more than 4 hours between meals, develop a regular and quantitative lifestyle.
After 4.7 months, rotten rice, noodles and biscuits were added to increase calories, promote tooth development and train chewing function. Fish, eggs, liver and minced meat are added to increase protein, minerals and vitamins.
4.7- 12-month-old infants' food texture changed from cloudy to broken.
13- 18-month-old infant's digestion and absorption function.
1. After the baby is one year old, soft rice and steamed bread are added to make fine animal and plant food, and nutrients such as calories, protein, vitamins, minerals and cellulose are added to train chewing function.
2, no more than 4 hours between meals, develop a regular and quantitative lifestyle.
3. 13- 18-month-old infants' digestive tract ability has improved, but it is still weak. Try to eat nutritious and digestible food, and eat less fried and hard irritating food.
4. The food texture of13-18-month-old infants is mainly lumps.
Several points that the baby must pay attention to when changing teeth.
1, is the deciduous tooth stuck or premature?
There is a certain time and order for deciduous teeth to fall off, which should not be called deciduous teeth retention. The consequence is often that permanent teeth cannot erupt in normal positions. Most children start to change their teeth at the age of five or six, and some children start at the age of four. Some children will lose their first deciduous teeth at the age of seven. Tooth loss usually begins with the next two incisors, and then the last two incisors. The most common is that the lower front permanent teeth grow on the inner side of deciduous teeth, and the upper front permanent teeth grow on the outer side of deciduous teeth, which looks like double-layer teeth. What should I do in this situation? Children should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible to remove the stranded deciduous teeth and make room for the eruption of permanent teeth. If the deciduous teeth fall off before they should, it is called premature deciduous teeth fall off, which often leads to the adjacent teeth on both sides leaning towards the gap of missing teeth, which makes the gap of missing teeth smaller, and the permanent teeth sprout out of position due to insufficient gap. At this time, it is necessary to wear a gap retainer (made by hospital stomatology) at the gap of deciduous teeth to prevent the teeth on both sides from tilting, so as to keep the eruption position of permanent teeth until the permanent teeth erupt.
2. Is it difficult for permanent teeth to erupt?
Early deciduous teeth fall off, and children are used to chewing and licking with gums, which will thicken and hinder the eruption of permanent teeth. Therefore, if the child has reached the age of changing teeth and the permanent teeth have not yet grown out, it is necessary to take the child to the hospital for examination in time and get the help of the doctor. Calcium deficiency in children is also an important reason for delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Parents should give their children calcium supplements in time. When changing teeth, the front permanent teeth erupt from below or inside the deciduous teeth, and the erupted permanent teeth are the size of adult teeth. It is normal to have slight crowding and torsion, which can be adjusted by itself with the eruption of adjacent teeth and the growth and development of jaw. As long as it is not malocclusion, it is generally not necessary to correct it, but it should be observed regularly for no more than half a year. If the arrangement of deciduous teeth is still uneven after complete replacement, you should see a doctor in time to avoid delay in treatment and cause correction difficulties.
3. Correct children's bad habits
During tooth replacement, deciduous teeth coexist with permanent teeth, and permanent teeth just erupt, especially the "six-year-old tooth", which is the key to occlusion, has a large volume and many pits and grooves on the occlusal surface, which is easy to retain food residues. In addition, due to incomplete brushing, most children are prone to dental caries. The most important thing at this time is to teach children to brush their teeth correctly. In the process of changing teeth, when deciduous teeth are loose and about to fall off, children are often used to licking loose teeth with their tongues. This is a bad habit, which will affect the normal eruption of permanent teeth and should be corrected in time.
4. Dislocation and occlusion of teeth will affect the appearance.
During the tooth changing period, the child's teeth are changing, the jaw is developing, and then the occlusal relationship is gradually established, and sometimes temporary malocclusion occurs. In the process of tooth development, they can often adjust themselves and return to normal. Some malocclusion deformities, such as the gap between the upper teeth caused by the low labial frenum position of the upper lip, cannot be adjusted by itself, which will affect the facial development. You should go to the hospital for treatment, otherwise it will affect the child's appearance.
5. Prevention and treatment of deciduous molar caries.
Primary molars are prone to dental caries during tooth replacement, such as apical lesions caused by dental caries, which can affect the growth and eruption of secondary permanent teeth. Therefore, we should pay attention to the timely treatment and prevention of deciduous teeth caries, and we must not have the wrong idea that "deciduous teeth will be replaced sooner or later, and if they are broken, there is no need to treat them." The doctor suggested that the deciduous teeth should be preserved as much as possible until the permanent teeth erupt. If deciduous teeth are missing prematurely, it will often lead to insufficient eruption space for secondary permanent teeth, resulting in uneven dentition.
6. Eat chewy food when changing teeth.
When the child is about six or seven years old, permanent teeth begin to sprout one after another, replacing the original deciduous teeth. Although some children's permanent teeth have erupted, primary teeth often refuse to "give way", forcing permanent teeth to grow out of the inner side of primary teeth, forming "double-layer teeth", resulting in irregular arrangement of permanent teeth. There are many reasons for the delay in extraction of deciduous teeth. The most common thing is that children eat too carefully and do not give full play to the physiological stimulation of teeth. The main function of teeth is to chew food, which can promote the growth, natural absorption and shedding of milk roots.
Therefore, with the growth of children's age, children should eat more chewy food to maintain a good stimulating effect on deciduous teeth and urge them to fall off on time. When the child's front teeth and back molars have erupted, you can add some celery, corn, apples and other foods to make the tooth change complete smoothly and let the child have a healthy and tidy tooth.
The above is a summary of the important test sites for senior baby nurses in 2020. Of course, the daily work of the baby nurse also includes daily disease treatment, bathing, changing diapers, eating and so on. Everyone should learn their daily skills well. For more information, please stay tuned!