Judging from the historical achievements of the Han Dynasty, it is not only the incubator of the Han nationality, but also the foundation of Chinese culture. Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty in 202 BC, the Huaxia nationality has been called the Han nationality. Han Fu, Chinese characters, Chinese, Chinese studies, Li Han, etc. The national culture with "Han" as the core took root and sprouted in the Han Dynasty, with a long history.
As the orthodox origin dynasty of Chinese culture, the Han Dynasty is not only unswerving, but also contains the cultural charm of Chinese culture. At the same time, China culture is deeply rooted in the hearts and thoughts of every Han nationality. The author believes that after the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Chinese sons and daughters found a sense of national identity.
In the vast Han culture, food culture has always been an unavoidable focus. Although China culture has made positive contributions to the promotion of national ideology and the development of civilization. But for the whole world, they are most concerned about clothes and food in their mouths. In fact, this is also an important ideological opportunity for the vigorous development of diet culture in Han Dynasty.
In my opinion, before analyzing or discussing the unique and charming food culture of the Han Dynasty, I should first tell you a historical common sense. That is, the kitchen, an indispensable food position in the construction of houses in modern society, actually originated in the Western Han Dynasty. When the concept of kitchen was born and entered thousands of households, the food culture of Han Dynasty also stepped onto a new stage that envied the world.
The catering culture of kitchens in the Han Dynasty played an important role in ancient history, and I believe everyone knows it very well, so I don't need to go into details. However, when it comes to the food culture of the Han Dynasty, I believe that few people will make a clear statement. The Han dynasty not only inherited the territory of the Qin dynasty, but also followed the old system in politics, economy and culture.
From this perspective, the Han Dynasty should be a brand-new empire based on the Qin Dynasty. After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang adopted Xiao He's suggestion and began to implement the policy of "rest and recuperation", not only did the devastated country gradually get rid of the state of poverty and weakness after the war.
Moreover, under the influence of the "rest and recuperation" policy, ordinary people living in the society at that time not only returned to the land in succession, but also lived a stable life of "working at sunrise and resting at sunset". Under the influence of the tax system of "fifteen taxes one, thirty taxes one", most ordinary people can not only get more surplus value, but also gradually live a well-fed life.
First, the diet culture in the court kitchen of Han Dynasty
Under the strategy of this historical background, the diet culture of Han Dynasty developed in full swing. In the court of the Han Dynasty, there was a Shaofu, which was responsible for meals and set up different institutions according to different types of food. Officials in Shaofu are mainly responsible for "rice"; The guide officer specializes in "selecting rice" and the soup officer is fully responsible for "cake bait".
The main responsibility of these officials is to manage the diet of the emperor and even the royal family. The author believes that from this point, it can be seen that a relatively complete diet management system has appeared in the court of Han Dynasty. The reason for this leap-forward development is mainly related to the sharp increase of food types and even the improvement of cooking level at that time.
1. Greenhouse, growing vegetables
According to historical records, "out-of-season" food is the most important thing in the royal food culture of Han Dynasty. Because Chang 'an, the capital of Han Dynasty, belongs to the northern city, it is not easy to eat fresh vegetables after the arrival of winter. However, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, who had absolute power, could eat vegetables such as onions and leeks in winter.
Was there a greenhouse in Han Dynasty? Or through the "South-to-North Water Diversion", has the unique dream of this modern society been realized? In fact, there is a record in a historical document: "When you build furniture, the fire accumulates day and night, and the warmth is born." In a house with thick walls, plant vegetable seeds in the soil and then live in the house to raise the room temperature.
In this way, the seeds can germinate and grow into vegetables, and the Taiguan of Shaofu is mainly responsible for growing vegetables. Although this method looks advanced, it costs a lot of money. Only members of the royal family who live in the court, or only the emperor, have the luck to eat delicious food.
2. There are many kinds of food in Han Dynasty.
Strictly speaking, the variety or quantity of food in Han Dynasty is very rich. Staple food, non-staple food, fruit, meat and eggs, fish, etc. In the Han dynasty, it was already a home-cooked dish in the palace kitchen. The food on the table of ordinary people in Han Dynasty was not as good as that of emperors, but it was no worse than that of modern society.
All kinds of delicious food in the palace kitchen are not only dazzling, but also because the chef's cooking skills have reached the level of cooking a "state banquet", so the delicious food on the table of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is not only delicious, but also more reasonable in nutrition. The staple food is mainly rice, porridge, porridge and various cakes.
When people cooked meat in Han Dynasty, the main cooking methods were roasting, boiling, frying, waxing and curing. At the same time, the Han dynasty also inherited the custom of "raw food" in the pre-Qin period. Glutinous rice, glutinous rice and raw fish were all popular table foods at that time. However, due to the obvious polarization between the rich and the poor in the Han Dynasty, all kinds of ingredients in the palace diet were almost unheard of by the people.
However, due to the rich food culture in the Han Dynasty, although ordinary people can't eat the delicacies in the palace, the staple food and non-staple food are basically the same. It is only limited by cooking techniques and condiments, so although the meals in the kitchens of ordinary people in the Han Dynasty are not as good as the imperial meals, it is still very easy to fill their stomachs.
3. Staple food and meat are abundant
The staple food in the Han Dynasty is mainly rice, wheat, millet and millet, but in fact, the "five grains" in the Han Dynasty has been a relatively broad reference. In addition to the familiar whole grains, there are beans such as soybeans, mung beans and soybeans. Most of the northern areas feed on millet, millet and rice, especially millet, which is a daily ration.
(1) northern grain "millet"
"Xiaomi" is the millet that northerners often eat. As the main food crop in the northern region of Han Dynasty, it once became the protagonist on the dinner table of northerners. In the Theory of Salt and Iron, there was a saying that "fifteen buckets of millet are Ding Nan's food for half a month". In a word, fifteen bushels of millet is equivalent to half a month's food for an adult male.
The author thinks that "millet", as the staple food in Han Dynasty, not only solved the problem of food and clothing for northerners, but also laid a very important material foundation for the development of agricultural economy in Han Dynasty. Because of its simple planting and relatively high yield per mu, millet is still regarded as a staple food until modern society.
② Southern staple food "rice"
Compared with the northern region, the rice yield in the south is considerable because of its superior climate and environment. In the Han Dynasty, rice was planted in almost every household in the area south of Huaihe River. The statement of "rice soup fish" is a portrayal of the life of ordinary people in the southern region at that time.
In the Han Dynasty, the royal family liked rice very much. In order to eat rice from the south, they even sent manpower to transport rice from the far south to the north. This is mainly because rice is not only soft and delicious, but also delicate in taste, which is also an important reason why Xiaomi can't compare with it.
(3) Chickens, pigs and dogs are frequent guests at the dinner table.
The technology of raising "six animals" was improved in Han Dynasty. Because there are more than 90% farmers in the country, almost every family living in rural areas will raise "six animals". The "horses, cows, sheep, chickens and dogs" mentioned in Three Amethyst were all meat sources in the Han Dynasty, except for large livestock such as horses and cows.
People made all kinds of delicious meat by cooking methods such as "roasting, boiling, frying, waxing and pickling", which enriched the food culture of Han Dynasty to some extent, and the dining table of ordinary people in Han Dynasty really became a food paradise that modern people yearned for infinitely.
Strictly speaking, the five grains and six livestock were actually quite extensive in the Han Dynasty. In fact, the dog in the "six animals" was not only a guardian in the society at that time, but also a delicacy on people's table. This is mainly because many families kept dogs in the Han Dynasty, and the custom of dog meat has been passed down for thousands of years, so dog meat was put on the table to accompany meals.
During the Han Dynasty, because of the high price of pork, ordinary people seldom saw pork on the dining table. However, pork is indeed an indispensable delicacy in the recipes of nobles and landlords. The way of eating pork in modern society was actually invented and became a common practice as early as 2000 years ago in the Han Dynasty.
At that time, the most common meats were pigs and chickens. "Two wives and five chickens" is the minimum standard in small peasant families where men plow and women weave. Many large families with relatively well-off families even set up professional pig farms in order to ensure that the whole family can eat meat.
The author believes that the gradual enrichment of the dining tables of ordinary people in the Han Dynasty actually reflects the progress of productive forces and people's exploration and yearning for food culture. Although there were not many social components at that time, and the cooking technology was not as good as it is now. But as long as you can have plenty of food and clothing, I believe it is the greatest wish of all ordinary people.
The food ideal contained in the kitchen of Han Dynasty In modern society, the kitchen for cooking food is the most indispensable thing, whether it is a building or a bungalow. Judging from the history of the kitchen's birth, it is no exaggeration to say that the kitchen in Han Dynasty is the earliest prototype of the kitchen now, and it can also be said that the concept of kitchen was formed in Han Dynasty. The author believes that when the kitchen appeared, the food culture completed a gorgeous turn.
The kitchen system in Han Dynasty was very simple. Generally speaking, for families with apartments, the kitchen is usually built in the "front yard". For large families living in buildings, the kitchen will be located on the ground floor. In fact, from the unearthed housing model of the Han Dynasty, the kitchen area of the Han Dynasty is actually very large.
This is mainly because the kitchens in Han Dynasty were not only used for cooking, but also used as storage rooms by Han people. Ordinary people's kitchen facilities are not particularly perfect, but there are shelves for stoves, cupboards and rice noodles. Especially in some large restaurants, the kitchen facilities are almost the same as those in modern society.
The author believes that the reason why people in the Han Dynasty built kitchens specially is actually closely related to the increasingly prosperous food culture and daily needs. After the kitchen was born, it made it easier to cook food and enriched people's dining tables. In a word, the kitchens in the Han Dynasty actually entrusted the expectations of Han people for food culture and food ideals.
Conclusion The Han Dynasty is particularly exciting, mainly because it is the birthplace of Chinese culture. Not only in the construction of China's cultural system, but also made unparalleled contributions. Moreover, Chinese and Chinese characters have been widely spread. In modern society, Han people still occupy the vast majority, which is closely related to the cultural influence of the Han Dynasty.
The author thinks that the food culture of ancient society will show extremely wonderful cultural characteristics every time the big bang comes. If the appearance of tableware makes diet a kind of culture, then after the birth of kitchens in Han dynasty, it is a key historical stage for the diet culture to achieve great success again.