"Gui" (pronounced "ghost") originally refers to the ancient utensils for placing food. Its shape is square or round, with wood, bamboo, pottery, copper and so on. Originally, it was a food container or a sacrificial vessel for the nobles at that time. Later, it gradually spread to the people, so Guangdong people have the saying of "nine baskets".
What are the "nine obstacles"? It means a big feast, with nine big baskets full of vegetables and food. Ancient sacrifices often said "two, four, eight", which was only available in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao, and the banquet was customarily called "nine". Adding the word "big" between "Nine" and "Gui" is not only full of words, but also contains extremely rich and grand significance. The ancients said, "At the beginning of sex, there are nine major disputes." "Nine" is the wind, clouds, thunder, rain, sea, fire, sun, earth and sky, which is the most of all things. According to the recent excavation of an ancient tomb in Jinben Town, Sanshui County, Guangdong Province, what Guangdong people call a "basket" is a "big bowl" that can hold five to six kilograms of rice. According to today's food intake, "90 years" can be enjoyed by 100 people. It can be seen that the "Nine Obstacles" do their best to boast about their rich meals and high banquet specifications.
The so-called "nine baskets" means that the banquet is extremely rich, and it is necessary to use nine baskets to place dishes and food. Baskets are ancient utensils for placing food. They are square or round in shape and made of wood, bamboo, pottery and copper. At first, it was an ancient aristocratic food container or sacrificial vessel, and later it gradually spread to the people. In ancient times, people often said that "two years old", "four years old" and "eight years old" were even numbers. Today, this ancient style still exists in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao.
The banquet is called "Nine Almost" because it represents the majority, and a big word is added to indicate that it is extremely rich and grand; Moreover, the "Nine Great", that is, wind, cloud, thunder, rain, sea, fire, water, earth and sky, are the "competing" things at the beginning of creation, the most of all things, and have their unique meanings. According to the cultural relics unearthed from an ancient tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Jin Mu Town, Sanshui County, Guangdong Province in recent years, its "reed" is a large container that can hold five to six kilograms of rice. If people eat nine reeds today, it can be enjoyed by hundreds of people.
Types of "Nine Obstacles"
Before and after the Republic of China, the most common "nine baskets" were as follows:
Wedding banquet: the banquet held on the wedding day, with nine dishes (bowls) per table, is called "wedding banquet";
Warm hall discussion: it is a cup banquet for newlyweds, called "five trees and four wishes", commonly known as "nine baskets of warm hall";
Light-on wine: also known as "light-on banquet", it is a wedding banquet with lights hanging in the second year after giving birth to a child, with nine bowls of dishes per seat, also known as "nine baskets of lights on";
Shouzhuo: It's a birthday party. "Jiujiu" and "Jiujiu" are homophonic, meaning "Jiuchang", and each dish also has nine products, which are called "Nine Longevity Awards".
Improvement and Evolution of "Nine Obstacles"
This kind of traditional customs and habits, Guangdong people have always retained, only changed because of the changes of the times. For example, on 1986 10/8, Queen Elizabeth II visited Guangdong, and the Guangdong provincial government held a banquet at the White Swan Hotel. This banquet is "four dishes, one soup and a little heart", plus rice, dessert and fruit, a total of nine styles. The four major dishes are Dragon Play with Pearl, Ru Yan Entering the Bamboo Forest, Splendid Grouper and Golden-skinned Suckling Pig in turn, followed by the soup "Phoenix Babetin", followed by the dessert "Moon-reflecting Fairy Rabbit", with fragrant lotus leaf rice for dinner, Lin Wanshou Fruit for dessert, and smooth sailing for fruit at last.
If you meet a friend from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao who entertained you in the 1990s, it shows that the host is sincere in entertaining guests, and you are also a worthy person.
eight delicacies
Eight treasures originally refer to eight precious foods, and later to eight rare and precious cooking materials.
The formulation of babao was first seen in Zhou Li's Tianguan Zhong You: "A doctor's palm is the same as Wang Zhi's six foods, six drinks, six meals, a hundred vegetables, a hundred sauces and eight treasures." It should be said that the contents of China's "eight treasures" are different.
(1) Eight Treasures of the Zhou Dynasty. First, the Book of Rites lists: Chun Yong (rice with meat sauce), Chun Mu (yellow rice with meat sauce), cannon dolphin (stewed and fried suckling pig), cannon? (Simmer, roast, stir-fry, stew mutton), pound (roast beef, sheep, tenderloin), stain (wine, sugar, beef and mutton), boil (similar to spiced beef jerky), liver? Eight foods (or eight cooking methods). Secondly, "eight treasures" refer to cattle, sheep, elk, deer, tapir, dog and wolf.
(2) Eight Treasures of Yuan Dynasty. Northern Eight Treasures (also known as Mongolian Eight Treasures or Northern Eight Treasures). This can be found in Tao's Abandoned Farming Record at the End of Yuan Dynasty. Northern Babel is (refined cheese). Ling (some people think it is kumiss, others think it is roe deer), wild camel's hoof, deer's lips, camel's chyle (camel milk porridge), roasted swan (roasted swan), purple jade pulp (possibly purple goat's milk) and Yuxuan pulp (mare's milk).
(3) Eight Treasures of Ming Dynasty. It can be found in Zhang's "Collecting the saliva of a group of books" in the Ming Dynasty: dragon liver (which may be the liver of a giant salamander or pangolin, or the liver of a snake, or some people think it is the liver of a white horse), phoenix marrow (which may be the brain of a golden pheasant), leopard fetus, and carp tail (which is not a carp tail, because the carp tail is nothing special, neither rare nor precious, nor has any special taste, and it is probably a pangolin. Roast (roasted owl), scarlet lips, bear's paw, crispy buttermilk cicada (probably high-grade crispy buttermilk, Li Ming's daily "Liuyanzhai Notes" said "today's snail-hugging crisp." Its shape does not match the snail shape, but it is like the belly of a cicada ").
(4) Eight Treasures in Qing Dynasty. It is reported that one of them is "Eight Treasures of Ginseng Wings", and half of them are from China. It refers to ginseng (sea cucumber), wing (shark's fin), bone (fish bone, also known as fish crisp), belly (fish belly), nest (bird's nest), palm (bear's paw), tendon (deer tendon) and frog (clam steamed bread). The second is "Eight Treasures of Mountains and Rivers".
Eight treasures in the mountains: bear's paw, velvet antler, rhinoceros (or elephant trunk), hump, civet cat, leopard fetus, lion milk and monkey brain; Water eight treasures: shark's fin, abalone, fish lips, sea cucumber, skirt (apron-shaped soft meat outside turtle shell), scallop, fish crisp and frog. The third is the "four treasures" of the Manchu-Han banquet. That is, the eight treasures in the mountain: hump, bear's paw, monkey brain, scarlet lips, elephant pull (elephant trunk), leopard fetus, rhinoceros tail and deer tendon; Eight treasures in the sea: bird's nest, shark's fin, Sichuan aconite, fish belly, fish bone, abalone, seal and pike (giant salamander); Eight treasures of birds: Hongyan, Longfei (a bird named Hazelnut, which is produced in the northeast mountain forest), quail, swan, partridge, colorful finch (probably peacock), turtledove and red-headed eagle; Caobazhen: Hericium erinaceus (Auricularia), Tremella, Dictyophora, Hericium erinaceus, Bird's Nest Auricularia, Morchella, Flower Mushroom, Day Lily, Yunxiangxin (one of the mushrooms). According to the old gentleman in South China, "eight kinds of seafood" and "babao beast". Eight kinds of seafood: shark's fin, sea cucumber, fish belly, mussel (dried mussel), scallop (dried scallop), fish lips, abalone and squid; Eight treasures of animals: bear's paw, elephant trunk, hump, scarlet lips, deer tail, monkey brain, leopard fetus and bird's nest.
(5) Eight Treasures of the Republic of China. During the Republic of China, there were eight treasures in the world, eight treasures in the middle and eight treasures in the bottom. However, due to different regions, the contents of Bazhen are also different. For example, eight treasures in Beijing: red lips, bird's nest, hump, bear's paw, Hericium erinaceus (fungus), leopard tire, deer tendon and clam steamed bread; Eight treasures of Yantai: scarlet lip, bird's nest, hump, bear's paw, Hericium erinaceus (bacteria), preserved duck breast, deer tendon and yellow lip glue; Among the eight treasures in Beijing: shark's fin, tripe (tripe of sole produced in Guangdong, that is, sole of sole), fishbone, arowana sausage, black ginseng, shad, abalone and scallop; Eight treasures of Yantai: shark's fin, tripe, shad, tremella, civet, frog, fish lips and skirt; Beijing's next eight treasures: Sichuan bamboo shoots, mullet eggs (cuttlefish eggs), tremella, Tricholoma, Hericium erinaceus (fungi), skirts, fish lips and civets; Eight treasures of Yantai: Sichuan bamboo shoots, sea cucumbers, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Tricholoma giganteum, mullet eggs, red scale fish, scallops, scallops, scallops, scallops and so on. Yellow.
(6) Modern Babel. Many of the eight treasures in the past are now protected animals, and the state explicitly prohibits the killing and eating, such as bears, monkeys, elephants, deer, orangutans, leopards, rhinoceroses, swans, owls, wild camels, seals, giant salamanders and so on. Now these animals naturally can't be included in the eight treasures. But what should be today's eight treasures? The author believes that it should only be determined within the range of animals and plants allowed to be eaten by the state, and it should be selected from the perspective of "scarcity, scarcity, expensive and beauty". What raw materials should be included in Babao remains to be put forward.
Matters needing attention
Eight treasures of ancient dishes. There are different views on its composition, such as "Spring Algae", "Chun Mu", "Cannibalism", "Cannibalism", "Pearl Krabs", "Algae" and "Gan Qing" in Zhou Li Tiangong.
Yuan Jian Han Lei has two sayings: one is dragon liver, phoenix marrow, leopard fetus, carp tail, roasted owl, scarlet lips, bear's paw and crispy buttermilk cicada; One is quince, quince, wild camel's hoof, deer's lips, camel's chyle, roasted swan, Ziyun pulp and Yuxuan pulp.
Isn't this a ready-made answer? It's also written correctly.