He entered primary school at the age of 6 and graduated from primary school at the age of 12. He is a school-age child, or a pupil. At this stage, children's physical growth rate is more stable than before, and they are less sick. The weight increases by about 2kg per year, and the height increases by 5.8 ~ 6.5cm per year. However, by the fifth and sixth grade of primary school (10 ~ 12 years old), some children have entered the pre-puberty, and their physical development has entered the second accelerated development period. The average annual weight gain can be as high as 4 ~ 6 kg, and the average annual height can reach 7 ~ 8 cm. Generally speaking, girls enter puberty about 2 years earlier than boys, so the average weight and height of girls in senior primary schools tend to exceed that of boys, and then they are surpassed by boys. There are great individual differences in the growth and development of primary school students, which are not only related to the gender and nutritional status of men and women, but also related to the amount of activity and the early or late puberty.

Pupils' study is tense, their intellectual development is greatly accelerated, and their physical labor is also increased. Although the demand for nutrients is relatively lower than that of infants, it is still higher than that of adults. The daily energy per kilogram of body weight should be 335 kilojoules (80 kilocalories) at the age of 6-9, and 272 kilojoules (65 kilocalories) at the age of 10- 12. According to the World Health Organization, 6-9 years old, 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+02 years old, 65,438+00,878 kilojoules (2,600 kilocalories) for boys and 97,965,438+0 kilocalories (2,340 kilocalories) for girls. The supply in protein should be of high quality. The high-quality protein should still be higher than 1/3, and the energy provided by protein accounts for 10% ~ 14% of the total heat. Fat should not be too much, and the energy supplied accounts for 25% ~ 30% of the total calories. More than 60% of the total energy is provided by sugar, so the dietary supply should be increased year by year during this period. Due to the rapid development of bones and teeth, a large number of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are needed as materials for bone calcification. Trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, iodine and selenium are also indispensable. Pupils' range of activities has been greatly broadened, their intelligence and psychology have developed by leaps and bounds, their self-awareness has been enhanced, they have their own opinions in times of trouble, and their personality has gradually emerged. Therefore, they must cooperate closely in food arrangement.

Nutritional diet of primary school students

Pupils refer to children aged 7- 13 who study in primary schools. At this time, children are in the stage of rapid physical development and have higher requirements for nutrition. The following points should be noted:

1, the diet should be diversified, the main and non-staple foods should be matched in thickness, the labor should be appropriate, and more milk and bean products should be supplied to ensure an adequate supply of calcium.

2. The arrangement of three meals is reasonable. First of all, breakfast is rich and of high quality, so that children can eat well.

If you don't eat breakfast or eat badly, children will often feel hungry after the second class, which will affect their study and be harmful to their health. You can eat bread, cake, steamed stuffed bun and porridge for breakfast. Secondly, we should pay full attention to lunch, not just give children food, because the whole afternoon's study and activities need adequate nutrition supply.

Dinner in a general family is the most formal, but be careful not to be too greasy; Or overeating. Otherwise, it will affect rest and sleep.

3, pay attention to food hygiene, wash your hands before and after meals, and develop a good habit of not being partial to food, not picky eaters, and eating less snacks.

4. Giving children a proper amount of seasonal fruits every day is helpful for the intake of vitamins and minerals.

[Requirements of nutrients for primary school students before initial test]

Pupils who take the initial test are generally 1 1- 12 years old, which is the second accelerated period of life. The demand for nutrition and energy will also increase rapidly.

1, the average pre-test calorie requirement of primary school students is 65 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per day, boys need 2200-2300 kilocalories per day, and girls need 2 100-2200 kilocalories per day.

2. The requirement of protein is 70-75g, which increases or decreases with the enhancement of activity ability and muscle development. High-quality protein should account for 1/2-2/3 of the total protein, and its energy supply should account for 12- 14% of the total thermal energy.

3, fat intake should not be too high, generally accounting for 25-30% of total energy, sports fat and vegetable oil each account for 1/2.

4. Carbohydrate intake should account for 56-63% of total heat energy.

5. Due to the rapid growth of bones, the demand for minerals increases, especially calcium and trace elements such as zinc, iron, copper and magnesium.

6, vitamins. With the increase of metabolism, the demand for vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B, vitamin B2 and vitamin C has also increased.

7. Water is the source of life. Generally, you should take 1000- 1500ml daily.