Diet of diabetic ketoacidosis patients
In ketoacidosis, the body needs relatively more heat energy, too much urine sugar is lost, and the glycogen storage in the body is insufficient, so a lot of fat is used to participate in metabolism to supply and supplement heat energy. For patients with severe diabetes, insulin therapy should be adhered to in order to accelerate glucose metabolism, reduce body fat decomposition, promote glycogen synthesis and reduce ketone body occurrence. When ketosis is found, it should be eliminated actively to promote the excretion of ketosis and control the development of diabetes.
1. Arrange recipes scientifically and reasonably
Too much food containing sugar and fat, too much drinking or too much restriction of sugar intake, such as eating less than100g per day, can all cause ketoacidosis. Therefore, the combination of sugar, protein and fat should conform to the physiological basis of diabetes diet.
2. Supply sugar according to the situation.
In terms of diet, if the patient does not appear coma, but the ketosis does not disappear and the appetite is poor, provide digestible monosaccharide and disaccharide foods (such as juice, sugar paste, honey water and other liquid foods). The total sugar intake should not be less than 200 grams per day (or depending on the dosage of insulin and the specific situation of patients).
3. Limit the intake of fat and protein.
After patients with ketoacidosis are stable, sugary staple foods such as porridge and bread can be added, but the daily intake of fat and protein should be strictly limited to prevent new ketone bodies from being produced in the body, which will lead to repeated illness. After medication and diet adjustment, urine ketone and blood ketone disappear completely, and then the dosage of fat and protein can be gradually increased. After ketoacidosis is completely corrected, the daily diet of patients with severe diabetes can be arranged according to the recipe principle.
Step 4 use fruit meals
Patients with ketoacidosis must eat fruit meal under the guidance of a doctor before they become unconscious. Because fruits are mostly alkaline foods, they can neutralize ketone bodies and reduce acidosis. Besides fruits, common alkaline foods include vegetables, fresh beans, dried beans, milk and hard fruits (almonds, chestnuts, coconuts, etc. ). Generally, it is 1500 grams of apples every day, about 300 grams each time. The sugar content per 100g apple is about 13g, and the heat production is 242.7kJ. 300g of apples can provide about 753. 1kJ of heat energy, which is equivalent to 50g of staple food.
5. Adopt nasal feeding
Once patients with ketoacidosis get worse, when they are unconscious and can't eat, they should be given a whole liquid digestible diet by nasal feeding. At first, the dosage should be small, and then gradually increase to ensure adequate nutrition.