It turned out that in my grandfather's grandfather's generation, life was always very difficult, and the last meal was always eaten without the next meal. Hungry people can't come to this land to farm and dig, so digging a hole near their own land is home. This is a primitive cave. Later, with the development of living conditions for generations, they began to use some gravel heads to bring caves. Cave dwellings are generally not big enough for people to cook, and small caves are warmer. A heatable adobe sleeping platform will be built in the cave, and a stove will be built next to it. The stove will be connected to the adobe sleeping platform, and then a chimney hole will be left on the hole leg, which is all in collusion. This kind of fire can not only cook, but also heat the kang, which is the wisdom of people in northern Shaanxi.
Cave dwellings are generally built behind mountains with thick legs. Generally, there are at least two holes in the hoop hole. Rich people will hoop seven or eight holes in a row, and the top of the kiln will be covered with a thick layer of soil to prevent water seepage and keep warm. It won't be too hot in summer, and some will be particularly cold. So now I usually live in the city, and I will take my children back to my hometown for the summer vacation when I have a holiday. The original cave wall skin was smeared on the wall with a mixture of soil and weeds, and then smoothed with a trowel. Conditionally mix it with white ash and sand to make it look white and clean. Because of cooking for a long time, the dust and soda at home will hang on the wall, and it will get darker and darker after a long time. There will be many leads during the Spring Festival. Like spider silk, there will definitely be many in the corner. It is often necessary to gently turn these around with a broom and stick all the leads on the broom.
Someone at the kiln palm will make a table, and you can put a quilt or two wooden boxes. There will also be a cave on the top of the kiln. The hole is relatively small, and a small door will be installed to let people in and out freely. Some crops that are afraid of freezing, such as sweet potatoes, will be put in, usually adobe. Now people have blocked all these, and the kiln platform is no longer needed, so they take up space and tear it down little by little.
The foothold of cave dwelling is the foothold of soil. At first, most of them were mired in money. Sweep some water when sweeping the floor, or there will be dust flying. If the conditions are good, or some bricklayers can build bricks better than mud. With the development of times, these things have been improved. Everyone made it out of concrete and cement, and some even laid tiles.
China's craftsmanship can be seen on the window glass of the cave. At that time, there were no modern tools at all, and it was all by hand saw. The thickness of the pane is symmetrical to the edge of the pane, and there are basically no nails, relying on the original old glue, which was cooked in a pot at that time. First cut and insert the wood blocks, and then paste the rubber wedge sleeve. All the windows are hollowed out by carving flowers and phoenix, and they are carved and pecked out with old tools. Now it is estimated that such carpentry will never be found again. Now most of them are directly finished products and stamped by machines.
In the original yard, people who have no money have no walls, and those who have doors must be large families. There is soil outside the courtyard, and it feels everywhere, especially when the yellow wind blows. Yang Fei is full of loess dust, and the soil in the empty yard is blown up and blown to the window, and the window paper rustles. Put some virtual soil on the pane, and when you close the door, you can see the fine soil falling from the pane with a little force. But it's different now. Basically, everyone beat the yard with concrete. The original panes and hollowed-out carvings have also been sawed off, and all of them have been replaced with double glass and blue stone surfaces, which are clean and tidy.
The caves in northern Shaanxi are warm in winter and cool in summer. With the progress of society, caves are constantly evolving and changing, becoming more contemporary, more modern and more suitable for young people to follow.