Propagation and cultivation techniques of dandelion
In the Spring Festival of 2002, dandelion planted artificially in a supermarket in Jinan will become a new fashion on the dining table for every 5 kg of 80 yuan.
1. How to get seeds from wild dandelion?
Dandelion is a perennial perennial plant, which can blossom and seed in biennial plants, and the early summer is the flowering and seed-setting period. The number of flowers per plant increases with the increase of growth years. Some plants spend more than 65,438+00, and the seeds will mature 65,438+03-65,438+05 days after flowering. The shell of the disk changes from green to yellow-green, and the seeds can be harvested from ivory to brown. Never wait for the disk to crack before harvesting, otherwise the seeds will easily be scattered and lost. Generally, the number of seeds per flower head is above 100. The 1000-grain weight of dandelion seeds is about 2g, and the grain weight of dandelion seeds is about 0.8-1.2g..
When collecting seeds, you can take off the dandelion flowerpot, store it indoors and cook it for a day. When the flowerpot is completely dispersed, dry it in the shade for 1-2 days until the seeds are half dry, wipe off the fluff at the tip of the seeds by hand, and then dry the seeds. Dandelion can also be cultivated by digging roots in places rich in wild resources. Usually in June 5438+10, the roots were dug and planted in the greenhouse with row spacing of 8 cm ×3 cm. After planting, pour enough water until it germinates in February of the following year. At this time, if organic fertilizer is applied again, the leaves can be listed.
2. How do dandelion seeds germinate? How to sow?
Mature dandelion seeds have no dormancy period. When the temperature is higher than 15 degrees, you can sow in wet soil. It can germinate after about 90 hours. Seeds germinate faster when the soil temperature is about 15℃, and slower when it is above 25-30℃, so sowing can be carried out from early spring to midsummer.
According to the test results, it takes 10-20 days to sow seeds immediately after harvesting at the end of May. Summer is extended to July and August, and it takes 15 days from sowing to emergence. The sowing amount is generally about 3 grams per square meter, which can protect 700- 1000 plants.
Before sowing dandelion, you should turn over the soil and make a ditch. The width of the border is 80-90 cm, and a shallow ditch is opened in the border, with the ditch spacing of 12 cm and the width of 10 cm. Then sow in the ditch, and cover the soil with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm after sowing. When sowing, the soil should be wet. If the soil is dry, it should be watered two days before sowing. It is best to cover spring sowing with plastic film, but it is not necessary to cover summer sowing with sufficient rain.
3. How does dandelion manage fertilizer and water?
Dandelion is very resistant to diseases, droughts and insects, and generally does not need pest control. The focus of field management is mainly fertilizer and water. Although dandelion does not require high soil conditions, it still likes fertile, moist, loose soil with high organic matter content. Therefore, when planting dandelion, ammonium nitrate 17-20kg should be applied as base fertilizer per mu. After sowing, we should always keep the soil with proper humidity. Top dressing should be 1-2 times in the growing season. Generally, leaves are not picked in the same year of sowing, so as to promote its vigorous growth, so that plants will sprout vigorously in early spring next year, and the tender leaves produced will be of good quality and high yield.
4. How to cultivate dandelion early?
In early spring, when the ground temperature at the depth of 5 cm in the topsoil reaches 1 ~ 2 degrees, dandelion planted last year begins to sprout and grow new buds. Generally, the buds in front of Tomb-Sweeping Day are exposed on the ground. At this time, the length of "white buds" in the soil is 3-4 cm, so wild dandelion can be listed around April 20. At this time, there are few fresh leafy vegetables in the market, which are very popular with consumers.
Dandelion cultivated in artificial greenhouse, due to the improvement of breeding environment conditions, has an earlier market period than wild dandelion, which is more practical for vegetable market supply.
Production technology of pollution-free dandelion sprouts
Dandelion is a perennial herb of Compositae. Dandelion bud refers to the bud directly cultivated in a suitable cultivation environment by using the fleshy straight roots of dandelion vegetative storage organs. Dandelion has high nutritional and medical care value, and the body buds produced by its fleshy taproot are fresh, nutritious and pollution-free, which is of great significance to promoting the adjustment of rural industrial structure and increasing farmers' income.
(1) Collect seeds. Wild dandelion seeds were collected at 8: 00 and 9: 00 in the morning from late May to early June. Dandelion with large leaves, many green juices, deep serrations and thick roots was selected as the seed-collecting plant. Cut the inflorescence of yellow receptacle and put it indoors for ripening 1 day. After the inflorescence is completely dispersed, dry it in the shade for 1-2 days, rub off the crown hair by hand and dry it in the sun for later use. It is best to have a fixed seed nursery for dandelion seed collection.
(2) Cultivation of succulent taproot. The taproot used to produce sprouts can be directly collected in the field, which is economical and practical, but the taproot is not hypertrophy, so it is recommended to cultivate it artificially.
1, site selection and preparation before broadcasting. Choose plots with deep topsoil, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no major pollution sources for planting. After the autumn harvest, clean the garden, combine ploughing and soil preparation, and apply 4,000-5,000 kilograms of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure per mu. After thawing the soil in the second year, make a frame with the width of 1.2m and wait for sowing.