1, bid farewell to Fude Guyuan Grass

Tang Bai Juyi

The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.

Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.

Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.

I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.

2. "Wang Yue"

Don du fu

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ..

The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly around in front of my nervous eyes ..

Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

3. Spring Day

Ju Hee Song

Beautiful spring outing in Surabaya, the endless scenery is new.

Everyone can see the face of spring, the spring breeze blows flowers open, thousands of purple, and the scene of spring is everywhere.

4. "Hui Chong Chunjiang Night Scene"

Song sushi

Two or three peach blossoms outside the bamboo forest and ducks in the water first noticed the warm spring.

The beach is covered with wormwood, asparagus is beginning to sprout, and puffer fish are preparing to swim upstream from the sea back to the river.

5, "Title Xilin Wall"

Song sushi

Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces.

I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.

6.at Helen's cabin

Don Wang Zhihuan

The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.

By going up one flight of stairs, look further.

7. Wuyi Lane

Yuxi Liu Tang

There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane.

Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.

8. "Tour Shanxi Village"

Song luyou

Don't laugh at the farmhouse music brewed in the muddled month. In the harvest month, the dishes for guests are very rich.

There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay.

The day of playing flute and drums is approaching, and the villagers are still dressed simply.

In the future, if you can go out in the moonlight, I will knock on your door at any time with my cane.

9. "Water regulation"

Song sushi

When did the moon begin to appear? Ask heaven for wine.

I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time.

I want to go home by wind, but I'm afraid of Qionglou Yuyu.

It's too cold up there.

Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth.

The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self.

The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone?

People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs.

This matter is ancient and difficult to complete.

We hope to live a long life for each other to share the beauty of this beautiful moonlight, even though we are separated from Wan Li.

10, a mooring at the foot of Beibao Mountain.

Tangwangwan

Castle Peak, my boat and I, along the green water.

Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.

... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness.

I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.

1 1, spring outing

Tang Libai

The high-rise building in the deep palace is purple and clear, and the gold embroidered dragon brand.

The beauty of the day pops up the window and plays the sign language kite.

The spring breeze blew down the king's ears. This song is a journey to heaven.

As Tianchi Lake was flooded, the ship was hit by waves.

Three thousand pairs of moths are singing and laughing, and the bells and drums in the palace are oblique.

All the surnames gather to dance and sing peace.

I have nothing to do, and people are complacent.

Thirty-six emperors wanted to meet them, and the gods floated down the clouds.

If the emperor doesn't go, he will stay in Haojing.

Anneng is Xuanyuan, lonely as a ghost.

My junior minister worships Nanshan Shou, and your majesty will be honored forever.

12, visit Princess Taiping Villa

Tang hanyu

When the princess wanted to occupy the spring, she pressed the terraced fields into the city.

If you want to know how much money you spent in front of you, until Nanshan does not belong to people.

Xue Mei 13

Song Lu meipo

There is plum, no snow and no spirit, and there is snow and no custom.

The sunset poem is full of snow all day, and Mei is ten springs.

14, "Fly to Phoenix"

Wang Song Anshi

There is a towering tower at the top of Feilai Peak. It is said that crows come and the morning sun rises.

As written in a China poem, we are not afraid of dark clouds covering our sight, because we are already on the top of the mountain.

15, "Passing by Song Yuan Morning Cooking Paint Shop"

Song Yang Wanli

Mo Yan had no difficulty going down the mountain. He won people's love.

When you enter the circle of high mountains, as soon as you climb one mountain, another mountain will stop you immediately.

Ideal Teaching of Philosophical Poetry

Interpretation of learning objectives

Ideal is a philosophical poem. The author praises the ideal from many angles with a series of metaphors and encourages us to determine our own goals in life. In order to achieve the goal of life, you may suffer misunderstanding, frustration or even failure, but as long as you make unremitting efforts, are not afraid of sacrifice, and firmly believe, the flower of ideals will definitely "light up your eyes in an instant"!

In order to better understand this poem, you can try to start from the following aspects:

1. Grasp the meaning of the whole poem as a whole and make clear the general idea of each section. (ability goal)

2. Try to find out the metaphorical meaning of the metaphor used in the poem and understand its role in expressing the theme. (ability goal)

3. Mastering the rhetorical device of metaphor can be initially used in your own articles. (knowledge goal)

Tell your classmates whether your ideal is realistic and ask them to give you advice. (emotional goal)

Poetry is the art of language. The poet's language is like the lines or colors drawn by the painter, which has a certain agility. To understand and appreciate poetry, we must read the whole poem correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin, chew these poems repeatedly and carefully ponder the poet's psychological process. Starting from accurately grasping the rhythm of poetry reading, combined with my own life experience and reading accumulation, I feel the artistic conception, emotion and expression skills of poetry.

Analysis of key problems

The key to learning this poem is to grasp its theme. The difficulty lies in how to understand why the pursuit of ideals will have different results. After reading this poem carefully, think about it:

1. How is the theme of this poem expressed?

The poem begins with a metaphor and keeps talking about the ideal meaning. The following sections explain the meaning of ideals from the perspectives of historical significance, personality significance and life significance, and finally inspire people to establish ideals and work hard for them.

Thinking guidance can answer this question from the topic, imagine what the author wants to write, what is the significance of the ideal in the process of life, and what unexpected results may appear in the process of pursuing the ideal. If we explore the source and analyze it deeply, this question will be easier to answer.

2. How to understand the phenomenon that the ideals listed by the author in the poem may bring completely different results?

People's pursuit of ideals is not always smooth. The pursuit and realization of ideals is the process of people abandoning themselves and shaping themselves, which will make the pursuer's life more perfect, his belief more firm and his value more lofty.

The thinking guidance and understanding of this problem is suitable for connecting with the life experiences of some successful ideal pursuers recognized by the world. If you can add the experience encountered in the pursuit of ideals, it will be better understood.

Classroom self-assessment

1. Read the following words and read the underlined words correctly.

Bind () backbone () defile () merit () curse ()

2. Contact the poem "Beyond the Mountain" and talk about why ideals can "save the unfortunate people".

3. Dictionary explanation of the word "Xin": the moral integrity is firm and unchangeable. Be firm and unyielding. Please write a sentence with this word.

4. Analyze the structural characteristics of "ideal is both an acquisition and an ideal is also a sacrifice" and write a sentence according to this form.

5. Reading poetry should have a good rhythm. Please use "/"to indicate the rhythm of the next poem.

Spring is just on the road and the sky is sunny.

Comprehensive ability evaluation

Read the following text and then answer this question.

Ideal is a compass to guide ships; Ideal is a ship, carrying you to sea for a long voyage.

But the ideal is sometimes the arc of the kiss of the sea and the sky, which is elusive and tortures your enterprising heart.

Ideal makes you smile and observe life; Ideal makes you stubbornly resist fate.

Ideal makes you forget the early gray hair on your temples; Ideal makes your head white and naive.

Ideal is an alarm clock to break your golden dream; Ideal is soap to wash away your selfishness.

Ideal is both harvest and sacrifice.

If the ideal brings you honor, it is only a by-product.

But more is to bring misunderstood loneliness, laughter in loneliness and bitterness in laughter.

1. What rhetoric does the underlined verse in the selected paragraph use? Please briefly describe its function.

2. How to understand "ideal makes you stubbornly resist fate"? Take 1-2 as an example.

3. Why do you say that ideal "the honor it brings you is only its by-product"?

Exploration of practical activities

Please collect essays or sentences about ideals by celebrities after class and share your collection with your classmates.

Appreciation of several philosophical poems

"Zhe" is also wise; People who are "rational" are well-founded; "Philosophy" is the principle of man and nature. A poem that expounds the most basic and universal truth of nature and human society is a philosophical poem. Some philosophical poems containing the thought of responding to things and animals are the products of the poet's touching things, blending reason into form or emotion, and the results of the poet's wise thinking and profound observation of life and society. It is often the combination of thought-provoking philosophy with distinct life interest and novel and unique artistic image that can convince people with reason and move people with emotion. Starting with appreciating several philosophical poems, this paper tries to help students understand the characteristics of philosophical poems, improve their understanding of things and correctly analyze objective things and natural phenomena.

First, "talk" (Bai Juyi)

I'll give you a solution to the problem. This method does not need tortoise shells, and yarrow can bring wealth and luck.

It takes three days to test the authenticity of jade, and it will take seven years to distinguish wood.

In the days of the Duke of Zhou, he was afraid of gossip and paid homage to the throne before Wang Mang usurped the throne.

If this man died from the beginning, who would know the truth of his life?

The theme of this poem is to distinguish falsehood. The first couplet suggests that there is a way to solve the puzzle, and the couplet introduces this method from the natural scenery: let time prove everything. Necklace to historical figures further proves the above method. The tail couplet extends along the meaning of the neck couplet: if Duke Zhou and Wang Mang died before the truth appeared, no one would know the truth of their virtue. This poem tells us: don't jump to conclusions when looking at things, or you will be easily confused by illusions and confused with right and wrong.

Second, "Qin Shi" (Su Shi)

If the piano is hair, why don't you put it in the box?

If the piano sounds from your hands, why can't you hear the sound?

In this poem, the poet depicts two images of piano and finger, and pretends difficult words with two hypothetical sentences and two rhetorical questions. In fact, it is humorous and innovative, revealing such a profound philosophy that "the completion of everything in the world depends on the close cooperation between subjective and objective".

Third, "Crossing the Sand Head" (Yang Wanli)

After crossing the sand head, there is a village gradually, the land is flat and the river is rich and warm.

The dark tide has reached no one's place, and only the water pole master knows the water mark.

This poem is clear and profound. The dark tide is coming, but ordinary people don't know it, because they have no experience in water life and don't know the law of tidal fluctuation; But boatmen have been propping up boats on the river for years, and the water depth and current are clear, and they can detect any subtle changes. This reveals a profound and universal philosophy: practice makes true knowledge.

Four, "On Thirty Poems" (Yuan Haowen)

I feel that the happiness in my eyes is not real, but groping in the dark.

How many people come to Chang 'an to draw a picture of Qinchuan?

The first two sentences of this poem are easy to understand: if the real scene you see inspires your true feelings, you can write a poem with wonderful artistic conception; Building a car behind closed doors is like groping for something in the dark, which is always distorted. The last two sentences say: How many painters who copy the works of predecessors and paint the scenery of Qinchuan can go to Chang 'an in person? The poet omitted a sentence, which is no wonder that those people can't draw well. This poem tells us that it is impossible to succeed in business without real life feelings and personal experiences.

V. Song Yuanchen Cooking and Baking Shop (Yang Wanli)

Don't say that there is no difficulty coming down from the mountain, which makes the climbers happy in vain.

Entering Wanshan Circle, one mountain releases another.

With the help of scenery descriptions and vivid metaphors, the poet explained a profound truth with universal significance by writing about the feelings of walking in the mountains: no matter what one does, one should fully estimate the difficulties on the way forward and not be intoxicated with the success of one thing.

The way of understanding philosophical poems

Ancient philosophical poems are often good at reasoning, interesting, intriguing and inspiring; The content is easy to understand and profound. Ancient poets used to use scenery, things, people, things and life to explain their views and convey philosophy when writing philosophical poems, so excellent philosophical poems can not only give people the enjoyment of beauty, but also enlighten people with the philosophy of universal life. Because the philosophy of philosophical poems is often implicit and natural, many students often have no way to start when reading and appreciating philosophical poems, and they can't really taste the rational interest in them. In fact, there are certain doorways to appreciate philosophical poems and understand the "philosophy" in them.

First of all, we can understand "philosophy" through the poet's expression of philosophy. Philosophical poems are often about landscapes, and when writing narratives, they consciously contain some philosophies about the universe and life. This kind of works either makes sense, or has the truth of scenery or things. Narrative, describing scenery and objects is the means, and expressing sense and interest is the purpose.

1, reasoning with scenery.

Expressing philosophy by describing natural scenery is the most in philosophical poems. This kind of poetry is different from lyric poetry, and the description of scenery in poetry often embodies some truth or paves the way for reasoning. Let's first appreciate a poem by Su Shi, "The Five Exquisites of Drunk Books in Wanghulou on June 27th". The first part:

Clouds poured out and poured down like ink, but a mountain range was exposed on the horizon, bright and fresh, and the splashing water was like white pearl gravel, splashing on the boat.

Suddenly, the wind rolled up and dispersed the clouds in the sky. The lake was blue as a mirror, beautiful and gentle.

Is this a philosophical poem? The four sentences in the whole poem don't seem to talk about any philosophy, but simply and objectively describe the scenes before, during and after the rain in nature. But let's think deeply, why did the poet choose these three images-"dark clouds", "white rain" and "wind" to form a colorful picture? Why use the calm water surface after the rain to compare the fierce and arrogant "dark clouds" and "white rain" before the rain? Why should the poet reveal this changeable and unchanging natural law?

By contrast, this poem was written on the eve of Wang Anshi's political reform. At that time, the poet put forward different ideas from political reform, and was besieged and attacked by reformists politically. Su Shi felt a little incompetent about the whole political situation. When the poet was depressed, he got inspiration from the scenery he saw in front of Wang Hu Building. He feels that both political turmoil and personal frustration must be temporary and must return to the original point of clarification. This is the poet's philosophy of life through the current storm.

2, which is reasoning.

This kind of philosophical poems often convey a certain truth through a specific phenomenon in real life or an experience in life. Because such poems are often drawn directly from daily life events, they are often not too difficult to understand. When understanding philosophy, we must associate the philosophy of life from daily events and pay attention to association and connection in reading, so that we can easily grasp the truth contained in poetry. For example, Su Shi's famous poem Dongpo:

The rain washed Dongpo, the moonlight was clear, and the city people walked like savages.

Don't be too sure about the slope, but love the sound of your stick.

The poet described such an ordinary daily life event as walking in the dark after the rain, but it deeply contained an independent and dangerous attitude towards life. "Man walks like a savage" in the poem summarizes his own experience and great loneliness of being independent from the world. With the image of "the road to the right slope", it symbolizes the bumpy journey of life; Use "the sound of self-love" to express the outlook on life that transcends broadmindedness and makes fun of suffering. When reading, it is easier to grasp this philosophy if we pay attention to the poet's life experience.

3. Make things clear.

This kind of poetry often conveys a certain truth with the help of specific images and characteristics of specific things. For example:

wood thrush

[Song] Ouyang Xiu

A thousand voices move at will,

Mountain flowers are red and purple.

All I know is that the lock is listening to the golden cage.

Not as comfortable as the Woods.

To appreciate this poem, we can start with images. By describing the contrast between birds and cages in the forest in the poem, we know that being locked in a golden cage is really not as good as singing happily freely in the mountains. From this, we can realize that everything is free, and the beauty of everything in the universe lies in freedom.

Secondly, we can start with the external characteristics of poetic images, from the surface to the inside, from this to that, and grasp the "philosophy" to be expounded in poetry. take for example

Fengluoyin

No matter the flat land or Shan Ye, infinite scenery is occupied.

After picking flowers into honey, who will work hard for whom and who will be sweet?

On the surface, this poem is about bees, but in fact it expresses praise for the hard work of working people through the hard work of bees; Honey brewed by bees can easily be taken away by some people to mercilessly satirize the exploiters who get something for nothing. Another example is Zhu's Two Thoughts on Reading (I) in the Song Dynasty.

Last night, the river was full of water, and Meng Chong ships were a dime a dozen.

It used to take a lot of effort to push it, but today it can move in the middle of water.

On the surface, the poem depicts two scenes: first, the spring water rises, and the "Meng Chong Giant Wheel" is gently lifted, floating freely on the river, as light as water; The other is that the ship is stranded in the water, and many people push it, making it difficult for the ship to move. This is the external image feature of poetry. The two paintings are in sharp contrast. What is the author's intention? In connection with the topic of "the feeling of reading", from the image of boating on the river, we can realize the true meaning of reading: there is more water, the boat is free and light, and no manpower is wasted; Similarly, if you study a lot, accumulate over time, have a solid foundation and a deep foundation, you will be able to use it freely and skillfully. By extension, everything is like this: if you want to get twice the result with half the effort, you must study more, master more knowledge and skills, and accumulate more experience to make yourself comfortable in life and work.

In addition, we can also grasp the "philosophy" from the title of the poem and the argumentative sentences in the poem. For example, in Zhu's Reading Feelings, if the title is ignored and the "reading feelings" are linked with the content, the poem may be misinterpreted. And some argumentative sentences in poetry are often the finishing touch and the key to our understanding of the meaning of poetry. For example, Lu You's Reading on a Winter Night: "The ancients learned nothing, and love grew over time. I feel that on paper, I never know if this should be done. " The philosophy of the last two sentences is obvious: the knowledge gained only from books is still one-sided, and it is more important to practice it yourself. Du Fu's theory of "Reaching the Peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky." is more enlightening and symbolic in Looking at Yue. Only by standing high can we broaden our horizons, take the overall situation into consideration and gain a correct understanding. At the same time, people are encouraged to overcome difficulties and set up the ambition to climb the peak bravely.

The quatrains of ancient poetry are so classic, concise and full of infinite feelings. Want to see more quatrains and ancient poems? Please enjoy the country poems.