Once the ecosystem loses its balance, it will have very serious chain consequences. For example, in 1950s, China launched a campaign to eliminate the four pests of sparrows.
However, in the years after sparrows were killed in large numbers, serious pests occurred, which caused great losses to agricultural production. Later, scientists found that sparrows eat a lot of bugs in nature. Sparrows disappeared, natural enemies disappeared, and insects multiplied. As a result, insect pests broke out, causing painful consequences of crop failure.
Ecological balance is a dynamic balance that nature took a long time to establish. Once destroyed, some balances cannot be rebuilt, and the consequences may be irreparable by human efforts. Therefore, human beings should respect the ecological balance and help maintain this balance, and must not easily interfere with nature, resulting in this balance being broken.
The energy flow and material circulation in the ecosystem are always carried out smoothly under normal circumstances (without violent interference from external forces), while the structure of the ecosystem remains relatively stable, which is called ecological balance. The most obvious manifestation of ecological balance is that the number of species and population size in the system are relatively stable. Of course, ecological balance is a dynamic balance, that is, its indicators, such as the yield, species and quantity of organisms, are not fixed at a certain level, but change back and forth within a certain range. This also shows that the ecosystem has the ability of self-regulation and maintaining balance. When an element in the ecosystem has abnormal function, its influence will be offset by the adjustment made by the system. The energy flow and material circulation of ecosystem are carried out through various channels. If one channel is blocked, other channels will compensate. With the invasion of pollutants, the ecosystem shows a certain self-purification ability, which is also the result of system regulation. The more complex the structure of an ecosystem, the more ways of energy flow and material circulation, and the stronger the ability to adjust or resist the influence of external forces. On the contrary, the simpler the structure, the weaker the ability of the ecosystem to maintain balance. Farmland and orchard ecosystems are examples of fragile ecosystems.
The regulation ability of an ecosystem is limited. If the influence of external force exceeds this limit, the ecological balance will be destroyed and the ecosystem will undergo structural changes in a short time. For example, the population size of some species will change dramatically, while others may disappear or produce new species. However, the overall result of the change is often unfavorable, which weakens the adjustment ability of the ecosystem. The damage caused by this out-of-gauge influence on the ecosystem is long-term, and it often takes a long time for the ecosystem to recover to its original state, even causing irreversible changes, which is the destruction of ecological balance. As a member of the biosphere, human beings have a greater impact on the ecological environment than natural forces, and it is mainly a negative impact, which has become the main factor to destroy the ecological balance. The destructive influence of human beings on the biosphere is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, the natural ecosystem is transformed into an artificial ecosystem on a large scale, which seriously interferes with and destroys the normal operation of the biosphere, and agricultural development and urbanization are typical representatives of this influence; Second, a large number of resources in the biosphere, including biological and abiotic resources, have seriously damaged the ecological balance, such as deforestation and over-utilization of water resources. Third, the products and wastes produced by human activities are excessively imported into the biosphere, which seriously pollutes and poisons the physical environment and biological components of the biosphere, including human beings themselves, represented by fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, industrial wastes and urban garbage.
China has always taken "game" as its delicacy. In recent years, the eating and drinking style has become increasingly popular in society, and urban restaurants are scrambling to attract customers with "game", which has spread rapidly from southern coastal cities to all parts of the country. Many newly rich people boast about the "game feast". There are not only general wild animals on the menu, but also national first-and second-class protected animals. In addition, keeping wild animals as pets or making specimens for home decoration is becoming a new "fashion".
Some city people like the wind of "game" and "wild things", which has aroused a vicious wave of large-scale killing of wild animals in rural areas. Because of the ban on guns, poisoning has become its main means. Not long ago, Shanxi Xinzhou Daily sent a message exclaiming that birds and animals were poisoned in the border area of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Mongolia, resulting in a serious situation that "there are no birds in the mountains and no beasts in the scenery"; In some provinces and cities, local wild animals have been eaten up, and a large number of wild animals have been illegally imported from other places and even abroad for restaurants. However, the entry of highly toxic wild animals into the market poses a serious threat to consumers' personal and environmental safety.
There are also some domestication farms that buy and sell wild animals in the name of "legal" artificial farming. In fact, most of them are "real" wild animals directly captured or confiscated from the wild, covering illegal hunting and management.
Poisoning to catch all kinds of wild animals will inevitably lead to serious ecological imbalance, which will make a large number of birds and animals in nature in China face extinction, but will promote the breeding of a large number of pests and mice. The consequences are unimaginable.
China folk activities against caged wild birds have been carried out for many years; 1999 On the eve of the Spring Festival, more than a dozen non-governmental environmental protection groups, including Friends of Nature, and Daoxiangcun Food Group, an old brand in the food industry, jointly issued the initiative of "Don't buy, cook or eat wild animals". At the 1999 Guangdong Provincial People's Congress, representatives jointly suggested that Guangdong Province should formulate local laws and regulations to ban wild animals. This shows that people of insight in society have begun to resist this bad habit.
According to the above situation, in order to protect China's ecology and resources, get rid of traditional bad habits and establish a new social atmosphere, we suggest that the Population, Resources and Environment Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference conduct a general survey on this issue, and on this basis, we suggest to the National People's Congress that the scope of protection of the original People's Republic of China (PRC) Wildlife Protection Law should be expanded, and the capture and hunting of various wild animals for commercial purposes should be strictly restricted, so as to protect more wild animals more effectively.
Since 1980s, China has started to establish nature reserves on a large scale. From 65438 to 0998, the natural forest protection project and the policy of returning farmland to forests and grasslands were implemented in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, poverty alleviation and development projects are also in full swing, which has rapidly improved the living standards of ordinary people in poverty-stricken areas. However, there is a conflict between human production and life and the ecological environment. In some places, man and nature compete for every inch of land.
A person in charge of a forestry bureau in Lijiang said, "Some people always think that forests belong to the state and protection is the government's business, but they are on the opposite side. Therefore, illegal logging has been repeatedly banned, which is the biggest difficulty in protecting forests. "
Scientists have found that many ethnic minorities have formed a unique culture in the long-term development of interdependence with nature. In those areas called "sacred mountains" by indigenous people, vegetation is rarely destroyed, and the most primitive state of biodiversity has been maintained. However, once this taboo culture is destroyed, the ecological environment often faces devastating disasters. Therefore, in the eyes of scientists, relying on local ethnic customs and traditional concepts is an important way to protect the ecology.
Dr. Yang Fuquan, vice president of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, told a true story: Yuhu village at the foot of Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang area has followed the Presbyterian system for generations. The venerable old people in the village look after the surrounding Woods, and even make a new bed, they need the approval of the Presbyterian church to cut down a tree.
However, the Presbyterian Church was abolished decades ago, and people in Yuhu Village began to cut down trees unscrupulously. After the collective forest was cut down, the axe even went deep into Yulong Snow Mountain. After the implementation of the natural forest protection project, illegal logging still occurs from time to time. It seems that it will take the same time to restore the logging ban and the damaged vegetation in Yuhu Village.
"The scope of cultural research is not only literature, music and classics, but also a nation's religious beliefs and production and lifestyle. What's more, the traditional culture of ethnic minorities itself is an important part of the ecological environment. " Yang Fuquan said with emotion.
Paying attention to local people is the understanding of many scientists to solve the problems of protection and development. Dr. Xu Jianchu, president of Yunnan Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge Research Association, said, "Nature protection is not simply to separate people from nature. The resource management of a region can not only rely on the government, but more importantly, mobilize the community to participate as the owner. " He believes that the interests of local people must be included in the protection and development plan, rather than being regarded as a passive constraint.
The successful experiment first appeared in Xishuangbanna 1995. This is a world-famous tropical and subtropical rainforest nature reserve, but the local minority residents have the traditional practice of rotating cultivation. After two or three years of planting, a wasteland and the virgin forest on the mountain were cut bare. Yunnan Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge Research Association guides farmers to choose tree species with good economic benefits and fast growth on rotation land. As a result, farmers' income increased and the soil quality of rotation land improved rapidly. The local people quickly took the initiative to participate in the experiment, and the traditional farming methods were gradually changed.