Argentina: Taking advantage of favorable geographical conditions and taking advantage of Britain's lack of force to recover the Falklands, forcing Britain to recognize Tsushima Island's sovereignty before the facts.
Britain: Determined not to reoccupy the Falklands at great cost. First, the Afghan army withdrew from the island under strong military pressure. If the Afghan army does not withdraw, it will be forcibly landed and detained. Tactically, it will be a quick decision and abide by the rules of not taking military action against Afghanistan and the territorial waters of 12 nautical miles.
Arab action:
Argentine President Galtie ordered the implementation of the "Rosario" plan to recover the Falklands ahead of schedule, under the command of Lieutenant General osvaldo Garcí a, commander of the Fifth Army and commander of the Malvinas Theater. The task force is the 40th task force consisting of 1 aircraft carrier, 4 destroyers, about 20 other ships and 4,000 landing soldiers.
On April 2nd, 00: 0015, the reconnaissance team of Albanian Marine Corps dispatched by 40th amphibious task force landed at Cape pembroke. At 6: 30 on April 2, the main force of the Afghan army landed in Longke Bay and immediately occupied the airport and port.
Mouth. At 8: 30, seven C- 130 transport planes of the Afghan army brought more than 3,000 reinforcements. Bringing the total strength of the Afghan army on the island to 4,000. There are nearly 200 British defenders on the island, and only general resistance has been carried out, that is, in Governor's Lake.
All surrendered under the leadership of S. Hunter. There were no British casualties, and four Afghan soldiers (including a colonel) were killed. Albanian appointed Brigadier General Mario Benjamin Mee Nendez as the military chief of Falklands.
On April 3rd, about 200 Afghan Navy landing soldiers landed at Vikan Port in Gerrish, South Georgia. Twenty-two British troops resisted and were all captured by Ah Sheng. On April 7, Albania announced the establishment of the "South Atlantic War Zone".
(including 200 nautical miles off the coast of the Afghan mainland and 200 nautical miles around the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands), the commander of naval operations, General Juan Ase Rembado, was appointed as the commander of the theater. At the same time.
The 60th amphibious formation of the Army landed on the South Island. After a brief exchange of fire, the South Island was occupied, and 23 British defenders surrendered. In this way, the Afghan army occupied the whole island at the cost of 7 casualties and 2 helicopters.
The news that Afghan troops recaptured Falklands reached China, and the crowd was very excited. Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in the "May 25th Square" of the presidential palace, singing the national anthem and shouting slogans to celebrate the victory. More than a dozen political parties across the country unanimously expressed their support for the government's actions. President galtieri's prestige has reached its peak. No one thinks about the government's failure in dealing with economic problems.
From the recovery of Falklands to April 30, the Afghan army constantly strengthened Falklands defense to resist British retaliation. By the end of April, the number of troops stationed on the island had increased from 4,000 to13,000. Its deployment is: Argan.
There are about 9,000 battalions and support troops in Tinggang and Kent Hill, about 1.700 troops in one battalion and support troops in Darwin Harbour and Gusgreen, about 50 troops in Fanning Point, and 1 person in Fox Bay and Pepper Island.
There are about 2,000 people in the battalion and security detachment; In addition, the port of Argentina airport has been expanded, and airstrips have been built in Gusgreen and Pebble Island. Deploy radar stations and air defense units to build fortifications; Delivery of weapons, ammunition and
It supplies and so on. Headquartered in the Argentine port.
The first stage of the war: the British side
When Britain learned that the Falklands were occupied by Argentina, it immediately announced that it had broken diplomatic relations with Afghanistan, established a wartime cabinet with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as the highest decision-making body, and formulated political, diplomatic and economic policies backed by force.
Multi-pronged approach, forcing Albania to withdraw its troops, Argentina will recover the island by force without giving in. Americans are also very active in it. At first, Americans wanted to solve the crisis through political means. So the country at that time sent it.
Secretary of State General Haig mediated, but both sides were very determined. On April 3, the British Cabinet made a decision to send a task force to recapture the Falklands, and appointed Major General Sandy Woodward as the commander of the task force. Intel Corporation of the United States (one of the Fortune 500 companies is famous for producing CPU chips)
On April 5, more than 40 mixed fleet ships carrying about 4,000 ground troops, 20 Harrier fighters and 45 helicopters set sail from Portsmouth and Gibraltar, England, respectively, for the South Atlantic.
On April 7th, Britain announced a comprehensive air and sea blockade of 200 nautical miles around Tsushima Island. On April 12, the British nuclear submarine began to blockade the Tsushima Island immediately after arriving in the Falklands.
Britain urgently mobilized large merchant ships to participate in the war according to the wartime mobilization law
On the way to the Falklands 13000 km voyage, the British soldiers who participated in the war completed a series of preparations such as making battle plans, organizing battle sequences and tactical drills, and recruited according to the decree promulgated by the wartime parliament on April 4.
58 civilian ships, as the logistics support force of the fleet, were requisitioned and quickly modified as needed. For example, the passenger ships "Queen Elizabeth II" and "Canberra" have been converted into troop carriers and "Atlantic Transport".
Ro-ro ships "Zhejiang" and "Atlantic Causeway" were converted into aircraft carriers. At this time, the passenger ship Uganda was sailing in the Mediterranean with 940 British students on board. After receiving the recruitment order, it immediately docked at the nearest port to let the students board the ship.
Shore, and then sailed to Gibraltar, converted into a medical ship for three days. This shows the British ability to deal with emergencies.
17 in April, the British wartime cabinet put forward the principle of controlling the war in the Falklands and not attacking Argentina. And actively launched a diplomatic and political offensive, the United States, NATO and other countries expressed their support for Britain and interrupted contacts with Argentina.
France and Germany, in particular, originally had arms sales agreements with Argentina, but both supported the arms embargo against Argentina. At the same time, countries also provide Britain with logistical support, communications, satellite information and other facilities.
On April 26th, the second echelon consisting of 23 warships, 20 planes and 2,000 army troops set sail from Portland. 12 In May, the third echelon consisting of 18 warships and 3000 army troops set sail from Upton.
The first batch of special mixed fleet arrived in Ascension Island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean on April 17, and set sail on June 19 after rest and replenishment, and continued to March into the South Atlantic. The advance team arrived in the waters near South Georgia Island on April 24th. April
On the 22nd, four members of the British Special Air Service Corps (SAS)130 parachuted from the C- 130 transport plane in the northern waters of South Island, then transferred to submarines to reach about three nautical miles from South Island, and finally swam ashore for reconnaissance and identification.
This paper introduces the strength, equipment and firepower configuration of the South Island Afghan Army, selects the landing place for the follow-up troops, and also cleans up the minefield on the island. On April 25th, SBS members of South Island led the 42nd Marine Corps assault battalion to land.
On the island, the 156 men of the A garrison only made limited resistance, that is, surrendered under the leadership of the commander Colonel Asti Qi. At six o'clock in the evening, British troops occupied Weicon Port in Gerrit, the capital of South Island. In this way, the British army first seized an important position on land.
Forward base, so that the British can calmly transport personnel and all kinds of equipment to the island, while deploying troops.
On the 25th, three British Bobcat helicopters found the Afghan submarine "Santa Fe" near South Georgia Island, then launched missiles and dropped deep-water bombs to sink the submarine "Santa Fe", the 42nd assault battalion of the British Marine Corps and
The "special boat squadron" landed in South Georgia, and the main force of the British special mixed fleet arrived in the waters of Falklands on April 29. On 30th, the deployment of 200 nautical miles sea and air blockade around Tsushima Island was completed. The British Ministry of Defence announced from
From April 30th 1 1 GMT, all planes and ships entering the 200-nautical-mile restricted area around the island will be attacked. The Afghan army also entered the highest alert state and began to implement blackout and night alert in the Falklands area.
Prohibit.
The second stage:
On May 1982 and 1, the British army began to attack the defenders in Tsushima Island. British Vulcan bombers from Ascension and Harrier fighters from aircraft carriers attacked the island for the first time.
At the same time, the British used surface ships and naval guns to bomb and shell Tsushima Island's military targets for many times, and Albanian dispatched planes to fight back. Since then, Britain has been bombing and shelling Tsushima Island, mainly targeting airports, radar stations and warehouses. In order to better grasp the initiative in the battlefield, the British cabinet approved the task force to attack the Afghan army outside the blockade.
Subsequently, the British "Conqueror" nuclear submarine fired three MK-8 torpedoes at 36 nautical miles outside the 200 nautical mile restricted area on the island, hitting two of them. The cruiser sank 45 minutes later, and 32 1 Afghan soldiers were killed or missing.
Because of the sinking of the ship, the morale of the Argentine army was greatly hit, and the main force of the Argentine navy was evacuated from the island. Although the Argentine navy has a fleet consisting of an aircraft carrier, four submarines and two guided missile destroyers, it stayed at home during the whole war and did not dare to fight.
In retaliation for Britain's sinking of the cruiser General Bei Grana, the Argentine Air Force sent a legal Super Flag fighter-bomber to launch two legal AM-39 flying fish air-to-ship missiles 40 nautical miles north of the island on May 4, and sank the so-called most advanced British 42-class guided missile destroyer Sheffield, killing 20 crew members and injuring 27 others.
This so-called most advanced warship in Britain, with a displacement of 3,200 tons and a cost of 200 million US dollars, was sunk by a missile with a cost of only 300,000 US dollars, which dealt a great blow to the British army. Since then, the British army has learned a lesson and taken various measures to stop the missile attack by the Afghan army. The most typical way is to send a "Neptune" helicopter equipped with early warning radar for early warning over the fleet.
On May 6th, in order to avoid the threat of Afghan aviation, the British army sent sixteen SAS members to sneak into Rio Gallegos Air Force Base in Argentina by submarine and then by rubber boat, which blew up eight of the only 14 "super flag" fighter-bombers in one fell swoop, seriously damaging the long-range strike capability of the Afghan army.
The Argentine Air Force kept Britain's nightmare going on for a long time. On May 12, the Argentine Air Force hit two British frigates again in the waters near Genting Port. These planes all took off from Ajun Airport in Pebble Island. In order to pull this out
A thorn in the flesh, fifty navy commandos landed on the island by three helicopters on the evening of May 14, and blew up six pukkala attack planes, four T-34 coach attack planes and 1 transport planes.
The team member's artillery observation group instructed the destroyer "glamorgan" 1 14mm main gun to bomb the targets on the island, and the island 1 arsenal and six radar stations were all destroyed. The British army returned safely by helicopter under fire, and won a great victory at the expense of two people being slightly injured, clearing the landing obstacles.
Considering that the Afghan army has 14000 troops on the island, the British can only land 1000 troops at most. How to win more with less, only by surprise. To this end, the fleet commander Woodward painstakingly arranged a maze.
Because there are many British residents on the island, British agents can find the protection of the Afghan army under their cover, and they are also moving around and harassing, but there is no attack on the headquarters of the Afghan army. The main reason is that the British army cracked the code, and the Afghan army headquarters became an important source of British intelligence.
At the same time, while blocking, bombing and shelling the Falklands, the British army continued to send more troops to the South Atlantic. By May 20, the British army had basically achieved the goal of blocking the Falklands and weakening the garrison on the Falklands, and was ready to land on the Falklands.
The third stage:
British troops are scheduled to land in San Carlos port on May 2 1. The port of San Carlos is about 80 kilometers away from the port of Argentina, most of which are swamps, and it is difficult to maneuver, about 40 kilometers away from Darwin. A Only at the entrance of San Carlos Port.
There are 40-50 people defending Fanning Point. The hydrological and beachhead conditions in this area are favorable for landing, and the onshore terrain is convenient for establishing and consolidating landing sites, which is conducive to preventing submarine and "flying fish" missile attacks.
British landing soldiers are divided into two echelons. The amphibious assault echelon consists of the 3rd Brigade of the Marine Corps (the 40th, 42nd and 45th Battalions and their supporting units), the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the Parachute Regiment, the 29th Artillery Regiment and Scorpion Light.
T-tank troops, anti-aircraft missiles, engineers, logistics and other troops, a total of about 5000 people. Its mission is to land in and around the port of San Carlos, and then attack the ports of Argentina and Darwin respectively.
The follow-up echelon consists of the 5 th Brigade of Infantry (under the jurisdiction of 3 battalions) and support troops, with a total of about 4,000 people. After the assault echelon landed and attacked in depth, it waited for an opportunity to land in the original landing area or the new landing area, and jointly seized the island with the assault echelon.
At 3: 00 a.m. on May 2 1, SAS commandos landed at Fanning Point as the first echelon, and with the assistance of the reconnaissance detachment that landed earlier, about 50 Afghan guards were eliminated. At 3: 30, the British army began to fire naval guns.
Get ready. At 3: 40, two British amphibious assault ship and four landing ships landed in San Carlos, but they landed smoothly without resistance. The British seized the weakness of the poor night fighting ability of the Afghan army and raced against time to arrest people.
Personnel and materials, 2,500 people landed in four hours and transported 32,000 tons of materials. And build fortifications, organize defense, and prepare for the counterattack of the Afghan army. In the morning 10, Albania dispatched several batches of planes, totaling more than 70.
The flight, mainly an air raid on British ships, sank the British frigate Enthusiasm and seriously damaged and injured four British ships. But Albania also lost 14 aircraft.
Afghan pilots have undergone rigorous training by instructors from the United States, France, Israel and other countries, with high technology, fierce style and strong combat effectiveness. Facing the air defense system composed of British anti-aircraft guns, missiles and harrier fighters, I am not afraid, no.
Afraid of sacrifice, low-altitude penetration is often used to improve the hit rate. However, the British army finally resisted the counterattack of the Afghan army, took control of the 20-square-kilometer beachhead and laid a platform for the take-off and landing of Harrier fighters and helicopters.
The steel airstrip further consolidated the landing on the beach.
On May 22nd, the Afghan army inexplicably held its ground, giving the British a breathing space. The British army took the opportunity to replenish supplies and adjust its deployment, and deployed a portable air defense missile company, which was specially used to attack the Afghan army.
Low-altitude force strikes have improved the air defense firepower distribution system. After the war, many veterans called this day Miracle Day. They said, "If the Afghan army continues to attack, the British landing will probably collapse, but thank God, there is.
A day to readjust. "
The next day, the Afghan army dispatched nearly 100 planes and continued to launch fierce air strikes, sinking the British frigate "Little Antelope".
On May 25th, Argentina's National Day, the Argentine Air Force made an all-out attack and dispatched about 200 sorties throughout the day, achieving brilliant achievements in sinking the destroyer Coventry and the carrier of the ro-ro ship Atlantic, and injuring the destroyer 1 and the frigate 1.
Fortunately for the British, the 16 Harrier fighter and 1 American Chinook heavy helicopter transported on the Atlantic aircraft carrier flew to the shore airport before being sunk.
In the past three days, the Afghan Air Force fought bravely and dealt a heavy blow to the British army. However, the performance of the aircraft is not as good as that of the British. Secondly, it can't get strong support from the navy and the army. Thirdly, because Argentina 100 has not had a war for many years, its combat readiness is poor, and all the bombs dropped in low-altitude attacks were dropped at high altitude, so 40% of the bombs did not explode, which could not prevent the British from landing.
The Argentine Air Force lost as many as 3 1 aircraft on May 25th. On 24th and 25th, Argentine troops stationed in Darwin also sent a small group of troops to carry out reconnaissance and harassment activities against British troops in the port of San Carlos, but they were repelled by British artillery fire.
Because the Afghan ground forces did not carry out anti-landing operations, the aviation counterattacked mainly British ships, which enabled the British to land smoothly and consolidate the landing site, and completed the preparations for land attack. Three days later,
The number of British troops on shore reached 5,000, the beachhead position was expanded to 150 square kilometers, a supply base and a communication hub were established, and an aluminum alloy runway was added to the steel plane runway.
On May 27th, the powerful British landing troops launched an attack on the Afghan army, and the soldiers divided into two ways to advance to Stanley Port. South Road is led by the 2nd Paratrooper Battalion and supported by the 45th Marine Battalion. It extends along the southeast highway to.
Port Owen, Gus Green, fitzroy Bay and Bluff Bay attack from the south; North Road was led by 60 SAS players, followed by the 3rd Paratrooper Battalion and the 4th Marine Battalion, and headed straight for Stanley along Douglas and Tyre Bay. because
The conservative operational thinking of the Afghan army and the lack of progress have made the progress of the British army very smooth. Most of the second battalion of the British Parachute Regiment and its supporting troops entered Darwin Harbour on land by helicopters, jeeps, Scorpion tanks and a unit.
Sneak into Darwin Harbour by motorboat.
On May 28th, British troops began to attack the port of Darfur. The Afghan army put up a tenacious resistance and killed Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Jones, commander of the second battalion of the British Parachute Regiment. The British captured Darwin Harbour on the 29th, defended by Gus Green.
The army surrendered. In the battle to capture Darwin Harbour and Gus Green, British troops were killed 17, 250 Afghan soldiers were killed, 400 Afghan soldiers were captured/KLOC-0, and a large number of ammunition and other military supplies were seized. Later, it developed to Argentine ports.
Attack.
Since the British army began to attack on land, Albania has repeatedly dispatched aviation to attack British ships and troops in San Carlos Port, Darwin Port and Kent Mountain. On May 30th, Afghanistan attacked the Invincible aircraft carrier with a flying fish missile, which was interfered by the British laser blinder and missed. There is also a story that the Invincible was wounded at the cost of two Skyhawks being shot down, but the British denied it.
On June 8th, the air raid on the 5th Infantry Brigade which landed in fitzroy killed and injured more than 80 British soldiers 1, sank the British landing ship Sir galahad, and severely damaged the British frigate 1 and landing ship1. However, 3,000 British troops transported by the passenger ship "Queen Elizabeth II" landed on the island that night. Further strengthened the offensive power of the British army.
On May 3 1 day, the British troops on the North Road arrived at Kent Mountain, deployed on the spot and waited for the British troops on the South Road. On June 1 day, the British troops on the south road also arrived at Kent Mountain and joined the British troops on the north road. At this time, Ajun abandoned the periphery and concentrated on the main force.
Adhere to the Stanley Port policy. After the British captured Mount Kent and Mount Zajelin and completed the siege of Stanley Port, they were not in a hurry to attack, but adjusted their deployment, supplemented their supplies, and sent SAS and SBA players to maneuver around.
Reconnaissance, quickly find out that the Afghan army takes Mount Kent and Mount Zajelin as the first line of defense, Mount Hareton and Mount Langton as the second line of defense, and Wireless Ridge, Mount Falling, Mount William and Mount Gongbing as the main defensive positions, namely galtieri.
Line of defense, a large number of mines and obstacles were laid between the three lines of defense, leaving only a secret passage protected by gunfire for communication.
On June 8, the Afghan army dispatched a large number of planes to attack the British army on the beach of Hilaf Bay, sinking 1 landing ship and injuring 1 frigate and 1 landing ship. A jun lost 1 1 plane. However, at this time, the Afghan Air Force was a spent force and could no longer stop the British from landing.
At this time, the strength of the British army on the island has been greatly enhanced, with a total of 8,000 ground troops, 30 heavy guns and 20 tanks. On June 1 1, after three days of preparation, the British army used Vulcan bombers and Harrier fighters.
Fighters and artillery were intensively bombed, while destroyers and frigates were covered by naval gun fire to support ground troops to storm the second line of defense of the Afghan army. The 45th Marine Battalion occupied Mount Harriet and Mount Landon, breaking through the second line of defense.
Line of defense, and control all the commanding heights outside Stanley. A Jun's only counterattack was to injure the destroyer glamorgan with the shore-based AM-39 flying fish missile.
After adjusting the deployment and replenishing ammunition and other military supplies, the British army began to launch a general attack on Argentine ports on June 1 1. 123 October, 165438+ British planes, naval guns and artillery bombed and shelled the positions of the Albanian army violently, and then the ground troops attacked and captured two sister mountains, Mount Harriet and Mount Langton, which are 0/5 kilometers away from the Argentine port/kloc-0 before dawn on June 22.
13 night, the British attacked again. At noon on 14, we successively captured Wireless Ridge, Luoshan Mountain and William Mountain, and arrived about 4 kilometers away from the urban area. The Afghan army abandoned its position, lost a lot of heavy weapons and retreated to the urban area.
When the British army chased the edge of the Argentine port city, a white flag hung over the Argentine port. In the afternoon, the field commanders of the two sides met and reached an informal ceasefire agreement. Afghan troops (including more than 2,000 people in West Island) stopped resisting at 2 1.
Britain announced the surrender of the Falklands Army to the world in 141. The Falklands War ended in the victory of the British. The failure of Falklands led to the intensification of domestic contradictions in Argentina. President Galtie, naval and air force commanders and other senior generals were forced to resign. After the civilian government came to power after the next year's general election, the main soldiers who started the war were sent to the military court for trial.
In this war, the Afghan army killed 1 1,000 people, injured about 1 1,300 people, lost hundreds of people and captured 1 1,800 people. Loss of ships 1 1 ship (5 sunk and 6 injured) and aircraft 1 17, with losses exceeding 10 billion USD and indirect losses exceeding 2 billion USD.
The British army killed 255 people (including 28 civil servants), injured 777 people, captured more than 2 10, lost 16 ships (sank 6 ships, injured 10), and lost about $654,380+0.2 billion.