1, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest

2. Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Small pieces of stars are scattered in the mountains from 400 to 500 meters above sea level to 1200 meters above sea level, and the upper trees are mainly FAGACEAE trees; The main dominant species are Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis carlesii and Castanopsis carlesii, as well as scattered Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Lentinus edodes, Monkey Joy, Astragalus membranaceus and Yellow. On the forest edge or sunny slope, Schima superba, Taoyecunnan, Myrica rubra or Pinus massoniana are mixed. There are not many trees in the middle and lower levels. Common trees are Cinnamomum camphora, mangrove, Cinnamomum camphora, heather and young trees in the upper layer.

3. Natural secondary vegetation

The area is small and the forest is extremely irregular. Most of them are distributed in barren hills and wasteland, showing a succession series of different stages. Common shrubs and grasses are scattered with mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests and Pinus massoniana forests composed of Liquidambar formosana and Schima superba, and some areas have Chinese fir forests and bamboo forests.

4. Coastal vegetation

There are three types. There are mangrove forests composed of Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Aegiceras corniculata, Avicennia marina and Euphorbia humifusa. In the beach port, due to artificial logging, it is mostly distributed in the form of shrubs. There are scattered coastal jungles that are not invaded by tides on the coast, which are composed of different kinds of pandanus and hibiscus. Common shrubs include bitter orchid, bitter hawthorn and Vitex negundo. There are also artificial Casuarina shelterbelts along the coast. Herbs are widely distributed in beaches, such as salt chrysanthemum and Pennisetum.

Step 5 grow plants

In mountainous areas with poor and dry soil, most of the existing forest vegetation is cultivated Pinus massoniana forest. In areas with good water and fertilizer conditions, the artificial Chinese fir forest in Berlin, Fujian Province grows well. Fuelwood trees, such as acacia, eucalyptus and Casuarina, are widely distributed. Economic forests such as camellia oleifera, tung oil tree, bamboo forest and fruit tree are distributed in hills, terraces and plains in small blocks.

(2) Central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt

The relatively stable forest vegetation in the area is evergreen broad-leaved forest, but due to the long time of forest development and utilization and the scarcity of primary forests, many natural secondary forests, artificial coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests have appeared. The main types of forest vegetation are:

1, evergreen broad-leaved forest

2. evergreen coniferous forest

There are mainly Pinus massoniana forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and Huangshan pine forest, and there are Xiaoxue pine forest, Fujian Berlin and Taxodium ascendens forest in some areas. Pinus massoniana forest is the most widely distributed, and the upper limit is generally around 1000 meters above sea level. 1000 meters above, replaced by Huangshan pine forest. Pinus massoniana forest is sparse and tall, and it is often mixed with Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba, Liquidambar formosana and Lentinus edodes. The following kinds of wood are common in the shrub layer, such as grouper, Huangruimu, azalea, Vaccinium bracteatum, Rhus chinensis, Toona sinensis and so on. In mountainous areas with bare rocks or ridges with high altitude, grass is often composed of cogongrass, awn and wild ancient grass. , or is composed of Miscanthus, etc. , or dominant. Followed by Chinese fir forests, which are widely distributed, except for a small number of mixed forests, almost all of them are artificially built. 12 Jianyang, Shaowu, Shaxian and other counties (cities, districts) are the central producing areas of Chinese fir, with good growth, simple structure and neat forest appearance. Shrubs and herbs under the forest are mostly wood, such as Rhus verniciflua, Campanula, Rubus, Cinnamomum cassia, Pteridophyte, Setaria viridis, etc. Chinese fir is often mixed with broad-leaved trees, Pinus massoniana or Phyllostachys pubescens, and the dominant tree species in the tree layer are not obvious. Cryptomeria fortunei forest is scattered or distributed in mountainous areas above 500 meters above sea level in northeast Fujian, and sometimes there are some broad-leaved trees or clustered bamboos in the forest. Berlin, Fujian Province is distributed in the hilly area of about 300~900 meters above sea level in the central and eastern Fujian Province, often mixed with other tree species, living in the sub-layer of trees, with few pure forests. Cryptomeria fortunei forest is common in low-lying areas or near villages in western Fujian. It is mostly mixed with other broad-leaved trees, and occasionally there is a small pure forest.

3. Bamboo grove

Mainly Phyllostachys pubescens, followed by Phyllostachys pubescens, basket bamboo, hedge bamboo, yellow bamboo, tea-stalk bamboo and bitter bamboo. Purple bamboo, etc. Most of the bamboo forests are in a semi-natural state, and some of them are artificially managed. Phyllostachys pubescens is widely distributed, and it can grow well in mountainous areas with an altitude of 1000 meters. The community structure of bamboo forest is simple, which is generally composed of a single bamboo species and mixed with other tree species. Mixed forest of Chinese fir and bamboo is more common in northern Fujian. The shrub layer under the forest is not obvious, which may be related to human activities such as digging bamboo shoots.

4. Shrubs

It is widely distributed, but the area is not large, and it is mostly formed by retrograde succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest after repeated destruction. Evergreen shrubs are mostly found in mountainous and hilly areas, and consist of Quercus cyclobalanopsis, lingnan gravel, Vaccinium myrtillus, Rattan thorn, Huangruimu, Ilex pubescens, Phoebe bournei, Linderae, Photinia pubescens, Photinia persica and so on. Yangmei, etc. There are deciduous shrubs in high-altitude mountainous areas in the northern region, mainly in Bao Shu or Shuizigou. The secondary summer green shrubs on the barren slopes near the village are also dominated by white oak. Pinus massoniana is often mixed with deciduous trees such as Liquidambar formosana, Pyrus pyrifolia, Dalbergia Dalbergia and Aralia elata.

Step 5 grow plants

There are mainly camellia oleifera, tung tree, chestnut, Castanea henryi, butter, tea trees and fruit trees, which are distributed in small pieces or sporadically.

[Edit this paragraph] Famous scenic spots

Mount Wuyi

Wuyishan tourist attractions generally refer to the small Wuyishan located in the southwest of Wuyishan City, Fujian Province 15 km. It is more than 100 miles away from Fiona Fang, and is called the first famous mountain in Fujian. Wuyishan Scenic Area is characterized by Danxia landform, which has the victory of "336". Three or three refers to the thirty-six peaks on both sides of the meandering Jiuqu River. Bishan Danshui, a song and a scene, different songs and scenes.

To visit Wuyishan, you can take a bamboo raft along the Jiuqu River for sightseeing, or climb the mountain on foot to explore victory. The two can also be merged in a stream. You can also go to Tianxin Rock to explore the wonders of mountain climbing. It is the most unique place to visit Wuyishan. It starts from Xingcun and ends at Wuyi Palace at the entrance of Chongyang River, with a total length of 7. 5 kilometers.

▲ A song

Just downstream of Jiuqu River, the scenery is clear, and there are Dawangshan, Man Ting Peak, Lion Peak and Guanyinyan nearby. Wang Feng, located in the northwest of Jiangxi, is the first of the 36 peaks in Wuyi. The peak is big and small, and the cliffs around it are like knives. You can only get there by climbing the wooden ladder through the crack in the south of the mountain. Looking around the peak, all the 36 peaks of Wuyi arch this peak, which looks like a "statue of the king". No wonder the ancients said, "If you don't go to Wang Feng, you'll travel to Wuyi.".

▲ Two songs

It's a deep and steep canyon. The most charming Jade Girl Mountain of Wuyi 36 Peak is on the west side of Erqu, facing Wang Feng across the stream. In the south of Yunv Mountain, there is a Wuyishan Scenic Area, which is located in the depths of Fuyi Cave in Lingyan.

▲ trilogy

There is a world-famous "boat coffin" in Xiaozang Peak on the south bank. According to textual research, the coffin came from the Bronze Age about 3,400 years ago, which was a burial custom of the ancient Yue people. How it was put on the cliff is still unknown.

▲ Four songs

The scenic spot is two towering boulders facing each other across the stream, with the Great Tibetan Peak in the east and the Diaoyutai in the west. Boulders, caves and deep pools are the three wonders of the Great Tibetan Peak. The west fishing platform stands by the stream, like a fairy Weng fishing by the stream.

▲ Five songs

It is the most open place in Jiuge. There are lush forests in Pinglin, and there are famous peaks such as Yin Pingfeng, Zhu Jiefeng and Yuhua Peak on the mainland. There is a famous Ziyang Academy under Yin Pingfeng, where Zhu gave lectures in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yu Huafeng and Yin Pingfeng are far away from each other, showing their unique charm. In the west of Yin Pingfeng, there are three intermittent bamboo shoots, and there is an "iron elephant stone" under the peak, which is the gateway to enter the tea cave and climb bamboo shoots. At the top of the mountain, you can see the Suntianyou Peak Waterfall. There is a "cloud nest" between Wuqu and Liuqu. Every evening, clouds float.

▲ Six songs

It's the shortest passage in the nine songs, but the scenery is the best. Tianyou Peak, known as "the first scenic spot in Wuyishan", is here. Tianyou Peak is higher than other peaks, towering into the clouds, and the peak is often filled with clouds, so it looks like Tianyou, hence its name. At the top of the mountain, you can see all the streams and mountains, and it is also a good place to watch the sea of clouds and the sunrise. There is a fast-flowing "squirrel creek" under Cangping Peak on the north bank of Liuqu. Walk 500 meters along the stream to Taoyuan Cave.

▲ Seven songs

On its north shore is Sanyang Peak, the highest peak in Wuyishan Scenic Area, with an altitude of 754 meters.

▲ Eight songs

Water and sky are one color, and there are many strange stones in clear water, such as lion stone in water and turtle stone in water.

▲ Jiuqu

At the end is Xingcun, which suddenly opens up.

Besides Jiuqu River, you can also go to Tianxin Rock Scenic Area in the north of the mountain. Tianxinyan is located in the northeast of Wuyishan, and famous scenic spots and historical sites in the north of the mountain, such as Liuxiangjian, Jade Everest and Eagle Mouth Rock, are all around it. Tianxinyan Scenic Area has beautiful scenery, especially Liuxiangxi. Between streams, cliffs stand upright, vines hang and flowers and trees are fragrant. Water curtain cave is located in the north of Tianxin Rock. It is the largest cave in Wuyi Mountain. Spacious and bright, it can accommodate thousands of people. Known as the "crown in the mountain". Tianxinyan is the main tea producing area in Wuyishan, where the famous "Dahongpao" is produced, and all Wuyishan people can visit it.

Gulangyu/Gulangyu

Gulangyu Island is located in the southwest corner of Xiamen Island, facing Xiamen across the sea, with an area of 1.78 square kilometers and a population of more than 20,000. It is the jurisdiction of Xiamen city. Gulangyu Island was originally named Yuanzhazhou and Yuanzhouzai. Because there is a sea cave in the southwest of the sea, it is hit by waves and sounds like drums. Yahua became its current name in the Ming Dynasty. Due to historical reasons, Chinese and foreign buildings with different styles have been well collected and preserved here, which is known as the "World Architecture Expo". The island is also a fertile ground for music and talented people. Piano density ranks first in China, and it is also known as "piano island" and "hometown of music". The climate on the island is pleasant, with four seasons like spring, and there is no noise of horses and chariots, birds and flowers, so it is known as the "sea garden". The main attractions are Sunlight Rock, Lu Manor, Haoyue Garden, Yuyuan Garden, Island Road, Gulangyu Island, Museum, Zheng Chenggong Memorial Hall, Underwater World and Natural Beach. It is a national-level scenic spot, the first of the "Top Ten" scenic spots in Fujian, and one of the 35 ace scenic spots in China. With the rapid development of Xiamen Special Economic Zone, Gulangyu Island has become a comprehensive island scenic and cultural tourist area integrating sightseeing, vacation, tourism, shopping, leisure and entertainment.

Meizhou Island

Meizhou Island, located in the northern half of Meizhou Bay, is now a national tourist resort. This is a small island with a length of 9.6 kilometers from north to south, a width of about 1.3 kilometers from east to west and an area of about 16 square kilometers. The island has lush trees, numerous harbors, winding coastline, continuous beaches and beautiful scenery. The high-quality beach around the island is more than 20 kilometers long, and a bathing beach can be built; There are more than 6,000 acres of windbreak forest, which is an ideal holiday resort. The island is rich in grouper, which is the treasure of fish and exported to Hong Kong and Macao.

Meizhou Bay faces Taiwan Province Strait in the southeast and Taiwan Province Province, the treasure island. Because it is located on land and sea, it looks like a brow, so it is called Meizhou. Mazu on the island is famous at home and abroad. Mazu was originally named Molinyang (960-987 AD). Because she never cried from birth to the full moon, her father named her "Mo". She was smart since she was a child. At the age of 8, she could recite the scriptures, interpret them at the age of 65,438+00, learn the Tao at the age of 65,438+03, and cross the sea at the age of 65,438+06, often helping fishermen in distress at sea. On the ninth day of September in Song Yongxi's fourth year, Lin Moniang was 28 years old, ran away from home and ascended to heaven at Meiyu Peak in Meizhou Island. In order to commemorate her, people set up a temple next to the "Denggao Monument" on Meizhou Peak, honoring her as the sea god, dragon god and goddess. Song Huizong named Mazu as "Mrs. Shunzhi", which was the first time that the court praised Mazu. Later, the court also named her "Tian Fei", "Tianhou" and "Tiannv".

Meizhou Island is the hometown of Mazu, and Mazu Tempel here is known as "Meizhou Ancestral Temple in Tianhou Palace". This temple was built in the fourth year of Song Yongxi (AD 987). In the same year as Lin Moniang's death, there were only a few rafters at first. After the expansion, it is more and more magnificent. Zheng He, a famous navigator in Ming Dynasty, returned from seven voyages to the Western Ocean and said that "God shows the holy sea". Before his seventh voyage to the West, he came to Meizhou Island to host a special royal sacrifice and expand the temple. Emperor Kangxi unified Taiwan Province Province in the Qing Dynasty, and General Shi Lang said that "Heaven helps the sea" and ordered the great expansion. At present, Mazu Tempel has been renovated, resplendent and magnificent, and it has become a holy place for China sailors to worship and compatriots at home and abroad to yearn for. Mazu Tempel, Tianfei Palace and Tianhou Palace are all over Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, seaports and inland ports, and also distributed in Southeast Asia, Japan, South Korea, India, the United States, France, Denmark, Brazil, Argentina and other countries in the world 17. Where there are Chinese, there is Mazu belief. There are more than 5,000 people in Mazu Tempel, Taiwan Province Province, and there are more than140,000 Mazu believers. There are more than 5,000 people in Mazu Tempel, and the number of Mazu believers exceeds140,000. There are also places named after it, such as Tian Fei Gate in Tianjin, Mazu Island in Fujian, Ma Gong in Penghu, Taiwan, Ma Ting in Macau, etc. Every time Mazu's birthday is on March 23rd of the lunar calendar, there are a sea of people inside and outside the temple, and the incense is flourishing.

On the rocks behind Meizhou ancestral hall, there are stone carvings such as "Ascending to Heaven" and "Guanlan". Standing on the stone, looking at the vast sea, Bai Ou sweeping the waves, boats shuttling; There are mountains in the water, and there is sea outside the mountains. Mountains and seas intersect. There is a large area of diabase on the seabed of the rock bank in front of the temple, which is eroded by wind and waves and forms natural grooves. The sound of tidal breathing, from far to near, sounds like thin orchestral strings at first, then like bells and drums, then like dragons and tigers whistling, and finally like giant thunderbolts and showers. The gripping "Mei Yu Yin Chao" is therefore famous.

After Meizhou Island was turned into a national tourist resort, Hong Kong Lippo Group was responsible for investing 654.38+0.9 billion US dollars to develop the island in pieces within 20 years, striving to build the island into a first-class pilgrimage destination in the Asia-Pacific region and even the world.

In April 2007, Meizhou Island International Hotel started construction during the 8th Meizhou Mazu Cultural Tourism Festival, which is a provincial key project with a total investment of more than 80 million yuan. It is expected to be put into use in the first half of 2009. After the hotel is completed, it will greatly improve the tourism infrastructure of Meizhou Island, improve the reception capacity, and provide a beautiful and warm living environment for tourists, especially Mazu believers in Taiwan Province Province.

Since 2008, Meizhou Island has vigorously promoted the construction of key projects. Seascape Hotel has completed the construction of 9 villas and solved the volume ratio problem, and completed the examination and approval of the main building scheme; Gongxia (Wen Jia) Land Island Transport Wharf has completed the construction of Wen Jia Wharf, and the prefabrication of riprap, caisson, bottom pad and connecting beam of Gongxia Wharf. After completion, it can reliably berth 3000-ton passenger ships, meeting the needs of direct flights to Taiwan Province. The main steel structure of the constant temperature seawater swimming pool has been installed and the roof grid is being installed; The cross-sea passage will soon be completed by the Ministry of Communications; Meizhou Island International Ecological Forum drew the blue line map of the project on the spot, and the signing will invest more than 300 million yuan; Meizhou Island International Island Ecological Plant Demonstration Park has implemented the first phase of greening 1, with a total investment of 3.8 million yuan. Mangrove reconstruction project expanded 400 mu with national debt. In 2008, the planting task was completed: at the same time, the work of creating a national AAAAA-level tourist area was carried out, focusing on four major projects, such as comprehensive environmental improvement in the northern region, renovation of tourist toilets, improvement of public notice board system and supporting public service facilities, so as to comprehensively enhance the image and competitiveness of the resort and strive to make a big impact on the west coast.

Qingyuanshan

The largest existing stone statue of an old Taoist gentleman in the Song Dynasty in China is located under Yuxian Rock in the scenic spot of "Penglai in Minhai" in Qingyuan Mountain. 1988 June 65438+ 10 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Laozi was a famous philosopher and thinker in ancient China during the Spring and Autumn Period. Sima Qian recorded in Historical Records Biography of Lao Fei: "Lao Zi's surname is Li, his name is Er, and his name is Bo Yang." His surname is "Chu, Ku Xian, Qu Renli". Taoism respects him as the leader and flatters the Tao Te Ching as the main sutra. Laozi's philosophical thought occupies an important position in our country and has far-reaching influence.

The statue of the old gentleman was carved in the Song Dynasty. According to "Quanzhou Fuzhi", "Stone statues are natural, and good people carve them a little." A few words are even more mysterious. The stone statue is 5.63m high, 6.85m thick and 8.0 1 m wide, with a building area of 55m. Hold your knee with your left hand, put your right hand on it, your ears droop, your fingers can play things, your eyes are bright and unique. The whole stone statue is majestic, amiable, radiant and full of charm, which can be called the treasure of stone carving art in Song Dynasty.

Laojunyan's original Taoist buildings, such as Zhenjun Hall and Beidou Hall, are magnificent and semi-spectacular, which have been praised by scholars of past dynasties. Taoist temple was abolished in the Ming Dynasty, but the statue of Laojun has experienced wind and rain so far, attracting more and more tourists and scholars at home and abroad to visit and inspect. Now Laojunyan has become a tourist hotspot in Quanzhou, a famous historical and cultural city. As an expert in the Foreign Languages Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, Diana Lee, a French scholar, left an inscription for Laojunyan when she visited Quanzhou with a foreign expert group: "This is my second visit to Laojunyan, but I am still as excited as last time, because the old man is closely integrated with the earth, and he seems to know everything." Ren Zhenying, a famous planning expert in China, praised the statue of Laojunyan as "Laozi is the best in the world".

Guanzhaishan

Liancheng guanqing