emperor

Real name: Yang Guang, alias: Emperor Yang Di.

Age: Sui Dynasty Nationality: Han nationality

Place of birth: Shaanxi Date of birth: 569 AD

Time of death: 61April 08 1 1 Main works: moonlight on the riverside, drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave, and Jiangling female songs.

Main achievements: Wu Hui in Nanping, Northern Expedition to Turkey, Perfecting the Imperial Examination System, and Digging the Grand Canal.

Emperor Yang Di-Chronology of Major Events

58 1 year: Jin Wang.

Emperor Yangdi in 589: He was appointed as a marshal of the marching army to attack Chen.

600 years: established as a prince.

604: In July, Emperor Wen of Han died and Prince Guang succeeded to the throne. It's years old, except for women, handmaiden and trilogy.

605-606: Jiandong Capital. Open the economic canal. Dredging Han' gou

In 607, Yu Zhukuan and the navy division He Man were sent for help. Awarded the Great Cause Law. Change the state into a county, and change the official names of some Taiwan, province, government and temple. Yang-ti traveled to Yulin in the north and Qimin Khan came to North Korea.

608: Yongji Canal is opened.

609: Yang Di personally incorporated Tuguhun and established four counties, namely Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan and Qiemo. Yiwu Tutun belongs to this area, and its land is used to set up Yiwu County. Gao Chang Wang Qu met Yang-ti in Zhangye. Read the big cable. 190 counties across the country; County1255; More than 8.9 million households with more than 46 million people.

6 1 1: Emperor Yang Di will attack North Korea, assemble one million troops in Zhuo Jun and force millions of civilian workers to transport grain machinery. Zou civilians rebelled in Changbai Mountain. Liu Badao, Sun Anzu, Dou Jiande, Max Zhang Said, Zhai Rang, Du and others revolted one after another, and the peasant war broke out at the end of Sui Dynasty.

6 12: In February, Yang Di crossed the Liaohe River and made an expedition to North Korea. In July, after a long battle, we retreated.

6 13: In April, Emperor Yang conquered Korea and surrounded Liaodong City. In June, Yang Xuangan rose up against Yang-ti in Liyang, besieged the eastern capital, and Yang-ti was forced to withdraw. In August, Xuan was defeated and killed.

6 14: Yangdi levied three taxes on North Korea. North Korea sent messengers to surrender, and Yang-ti moved troops back to Chaoxian.

6 15: In August, Emperor Yang Di visited the north and was besieged by Khan from the beginning of East Turkistan. In September, Guan, also the east capital.

6 16: The emperor was lucky in Jiangdu Palace and stayed in Luoyang with Dong and others. Shimi joined the wagang army. Wagangjun defeated Sui General Zhang Xutuo in Xingyang.

6 17: According to Luo Kou, Zhai Rang promoted Li Mi to Wei Gong. In April, the wagang army advanced on the eastern capital, and they were at loggerheads with the king. In May, Tang Gaozu revolted in Jinyang. In July, March into Guanzhong. In November, he occupied Chang 'an and made Wang Gang emperor.

6 18: In March, Jiangdu mutinied, pushed it as the head, killed Emperor Yang, made Qin emperor, and led the people back to Guanzhong. In May, Yuan usurped Sui as emperor, with the title of Tang as Yuan. The Sui Dynasty perished.

Final results

In March of the 14th year of the Great Cause (6 18), Emperor Yang Di saw that the world was in chaos and could not be redeemed, and ordered him to repair Danyang Palace (now Nanjing) and prepare to move the capital. The drivers were all Guanzhong guards, who missed their hometown and fled home one after another. At this time, Ethan and other samurai lang will. Collusion with Zhi Ge Pei Gantong, taking advantage of the resentment of the Guards who missed their hometown, pushed Yuwen Shu's son Yu Wenhuaji as the head and launched a mutiny. Yu Wenhuaji forced the emperor Yang Di to death. Even a decent coffin is useless after his death. After his death, Hou Yaozong and Imperial Secretary removed the bed board, made a small coffin and secretly buried it under the Liu Zhu Hall of Jiangdu Palace. After the Tang Dynasty pacified Jiangnan, Zhenguan was reburied in Tang Lei for five years (63 1) (now15km north of Yangzhou, Nanping Mountain in Tang Lei, and south of Wugongtai 10).

Yang Di-Early Years of King Jin

Yang guang atlas

In the first year of Jian 'an, Yang Guang, who was only thirteen years old, was named King of Jin. Besides the throne, he also made Yang Guang the general manager of Bingzhou (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province). The reason why Yang Jian wants his youngest son to be the general manager of Bing and defend the capital is to learn the lesson that he was destroyed without the help of cronies' etiquette in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In order to let his son get exercise and be really competent for his job in the future, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty asked Wang Shao, a talented minister, to be Yang Guang's assistant minister. Wang Shao lived up to the trust of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and dedicated himself to Yang Guang. Once, when he was visiting the Great Wall, Yang Guang took the opportunity to build a garden. As a result, Yang Guang was stopped immediately after Wang Shao came back. Later, the Sui Dynasty rose up and destroyed the Southern Dynasty Chen. Yang Guang, who is only 20 years old, is the commander in chief, but the generals who really lead the army are He Ruobi and Han Qinhu. After Chen was destroyed, he moved to Jiankang, now Nanjing. Yang guang showed great tolerance: he killed Chen's traitor, sealed the state treasury, and was not greedy for money. Everyone praised Yang Guang as a moral person. Finally, he took Chen and the Queen back to Beijing. After Chen was destroyed, Yang was named Qiu.

Since then, Yang Guang has repeatedly made meritorious military service: In 590 AD, he was ordered to make a secretariat for Yangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River to quell the rebellion in the south of the Yangtze River with high wisdom; In 600 AD, he defeated the Turks in the north. These contributions are not available to other princes.

Yang Guanggong has five brothers, the elder brother Yong Yang is the eldest son, the third prince is Yang Jun, the fourth prince is Yang Xiu, and finally the fifth prince is Yang Liang. After Emperor Wendi proclaimed himself emperor, he made Yong Yang a prince. Yang Guang found that Wendi Deng was very dissatisfied with Prince Yong Yang's behavior, because he was superior to his brother in the meritorious military service, which made him gradually have the desire to replace his brother.

In order to realize his dream of becoming a prince and emperor in the future, Yang Guang disguised himself. But Prince Yong Yang lacks Yang Guang's scheming. Knowing that his father, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, likes frugality will inevitably lead to extravagance and waste; Knowing clearly that his mother, Queen Dugu, hates the luck of men's pampering, she still wants to have fun openly. Not only that, he also snubbed his mother's wife, Yuanshi County, who was carefully selected for him. This made his parents angry with him. Later, Yong Yang accepted the congratulations from officials excessively, which made Emperor Wendi even more dissatisfied, which provided a good opportunity for Yang Guang to seize the Crown Prince.

On the contrary, Yang Guang and Yong Yang know that their parents are frugal, but he is simple. When he heard that his parents were coming, he told other concubines to hide, and he and his wife Xiao met him at the door in person. He also asked old and plain-looking women to wear shabby clothes to serve their parents. Yang Guang has won the favor of his parents. He often gives some benefits and gifts to his parents' entourage. These people praised Yang Guang when they went back, which made Sui Wendi and his wife like their second son Yang Guang more and more.

In order to speed up the capture of the Crown Prince, Yang Guang cried sadly when he came back from the palace to say goodbye to his mother. Her mother asked him why, and he said that his brother Yang Yong wanted to murder him. Yong Yang's mother, who had a bad impression on her at ordinary times, was even more angry after Yang Guang's words.

Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty trusted Su Yang very much. In order to persuade Su Yang to help himself, Yang Guang asked Yuwen Shu to find Su Yang's younger brother YueYang, because YueYang and his brother Su Yang are very close. First, Yuwen Shu often accompanied Yang about gambling, and deliberately lost him a lot of money, and took the opportunity to tell him his intention. YueYang hurriedly asked what to do. Yuwen Shu asked him to persuade his younger brother Su Yang to follow the emperor's existing meaning of abolishing the prince and recommended Yang Guang to succeed to the throne. Su Yang brothers finally agreed to Yang Guang's request. With the efforts of Su Yang, all the ministers who supported Yong Yang were dismissed. Finally, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty made up his mind to abolish Yong Yang as Shu Ren and make Yang Guang a prince.

Emperor Yang Di-Governing the country

reform the system

Atlas of Canal Schematic Diagram in Sui Dynasty

After Yang Guang ascended the throne, he created the imperial examination system, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations, mainly the establishment of the Jinshi branch, which provided an excellent opportunity for selecting outstanding intellectuals at the lower level. The second is to amend the law, mainly to reform the harsh law in the last years of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. The third is to set up schools, visit scattered books and protect scattered books. Yang Guang restored the schools in imperial academy, imperial academy and counties abolished by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. He also organized people to compile 400 copies of Changzhou Jade Mirror and 1200 copies of Qu Yu Tu, which contributed to the preservation of ancient books in China.

Engineering construction

In 605, the first year of Yang Di's accession to the throne, he asked Su Yang and others to build Luoyang City. At that time, there were 2 million people working on the construction site every month. After a year of hard work, it was finally completed. The new Luoyang City includes Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer Guo Cheng. Outer Guo Cheng is a big city with a circumference of 70 miles. The imperial city inside is the office of the civil and military government. Further inside, it is Miyagi and Fiona Fang Sanli.

Another project is to dig the Grand Canal. In the same year that Luoyang was built, construction actually started. Yang Di successively dug Tongji Canal, from the Yellow River to Bianshui, and then from Bianshui to Huaihe River. There are also gullies that enter the Yangtze River from Huaihe River; Jiangnan River from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to Yuhang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang); Lead Qinshui to the Yellow River in the south and Yongji Canal in Zhuo Jun (now Beijing) in the north. These canals are connected north and south, which is the famous Grand Canal in history. The Grand Canal starts from Zhuo Jun in the north, reaches Yuhang in the south, and winds for more than 5,000 miles from north to south, becoming a very important waterway artery.

Develop the western region

Portrait album of Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang

From the first year of his accession to the throne, Emperor Yang Di wanted to disperse his troops to various places. This year, the northern Khitans invaded Yingzhou and were defeated by the general Wei, which gave them the confidence to fight. Two years later, Yang Guang began to develop and operate the western region on a large scale.

Prior to this, the Sui Dynasty basically traded with merchants from the western regions in Zhangye, and the specific affairs were handled by Pei Ju, assistant minister of Huangmen. Later, Pei Ju Shang Shu advocated the development and governance of the western regions.

In order to develop and manage the western regions, Yang Di sent troops to do unified work. For example, if we defeat the Khan, a western Turkic country, we will remove a major obstacle. Defeat Tuguhun, build its territory into four counties, send officials to govern, and ensure smooth communication with the western regions.

In the first month of 6 10, Yang Di hosted a banquet for western businessmen in Luoyang for one month. All the shops in Luoyang are decorated with curtains, so that businessmen in the western regions can eat and live for free. Emperor Yang Di won the reputation of a grand occasion in the world, and used money to lure businessmen and messengers from all over the western regions to congratulate him and earn enough face. In fact, this is a typical tribute trade in ancient China. When a small country comes to worship, I get a high honor, and then I give you a generous reward of gold, silver and jewelry.

Conquer Korea

Atlas of Koryo in Sui Dynasty

Tribute trade is far less harmful to people than launching a large-scale war against North Korea. Fighting against Korea three times before and after greatly weakened the national strength of the Sui Dynasty, and the demise of Yang Di had much to do with the conquest of Korea.

North Korea in the east is the most powerful neighbor, and the border in the west crosses the Liaohe River, which is equivalent to occupying a part of Liaoning now. During the period of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, North Korea invaded and Emperor Wendi sent troops to crusade. Korean king was awed by Wei Jun of Sui Dynasty and sent a special envoy to apologize. The above table calls itself "Yuan, the dirty minister of Liaodong". Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty had to stop fighting in due course.

In 607, the third year of Yang Di's accession to the throne, he cruised to East Turkestan and happened to meet a North Korean envoy in Khan's tent. Emperor Yangdi knew that the semi-independent Koguryo for hundreds of years would be a potential threat to the Central Plains if it was combined with the Turkish military. In addition, Yang-ti also hoped that korean king Gao Yuan would meet with the Sui Dynasty. As a result, the king of South Korea was afraid of military power and refused, giving him an excuse to send troops to South Korea.

In 6 12 AD, the first prepared conquest of Korea officially began, and the morale of soldiers of various armies was high. All the way through more than forty or fifty Koryo cities, but later, because of crossing the river and besieging Liaodong city, it was impossible to attack for a long time. The navy, which attacked from the sea, successfully reached Pyongyang all the way. After entering the city, he was ambushed and had to withdraw. On the way, he was ambushed by the Korean army and was defeated. According to reports, the team with more than 300,000 people finally returned. The first expedition failed.

In the second year, Yang Di made a personal expedition to North Korea. This time, just as Liaodong City was about to break, Yang Xuangan, the son of Su Yang, arose in the rear, and Luoyang was besieged. Yang Di was very scared after hearing the news, and soon transferred soldiers to save Luoyang. Military supplies and camping lights were abandoned on the front line. Forced to withdraw for the second time.

In 6 13, the third war against Korea was launched. This time, near Pyongyang, the Sui water army defeated the North Korean army, and the right general Xiao Wei came to protect his son. He defeated the North Korean army in Bishe City and marched into Pyongyang. Korean king was so frightened that he sent messengers to surrender and sent Hu Sizheng, assistant minister of the Ministry of War who defected from Sui to Koguryo last year, back to North Korea. Emperor Yang Di made a promise, so he sent his troops back to Korea.

Yang Di, Emperor of Sui Dynasty —— Three Gorges to the south of the Yangtze River

Yang Di's "Lower Jiangnan" Atlas

Qing shan he Xun north and south

Emperor Yang Di spent his whole life cruising around the empire. He went to Jiangdu three times before and after to see the water town in the south of the Yangtze River, went north to the station of Turkic Khan, went west to Zhangye, and reached the 4,000-meter plateau.

Yang Di went from the capital to the south of the Yangtze River. It means a lot. Jiangnan has divided China for hundreds of years. An emperor of the Central Plains went to Jiangnan, and a dynasty just returned Jiangnan to its own rule. What can it do to show its rule and attention to Jiangnan? Three visits to Jiangdu are a wise move to unite China. It's better than some noble gentlemen spending a lot of money to climb Mount Tai to celebrate their great achievements. Countless people on both sides of the Grand Canal can witness this huge scene with their own eyes, and people naturally rejoice when they see China's national prestige. Emperor Yang Di's actions are not only personal happiness, but people's happiness. Yang Di fully demonstrated its national prestige and United China.