1951September 4th, the United States unilaterally invited 52 countries to hold a peace conference with Japan in San Francisco. The San Francisco Conference was an important product of the United States supporting Japan, attacking and isolating China and other socialist countries, and rapidly establishing the Cold War order in Asia. Because the drafting of the draft peace treaty with Japan was monopolized by the United States, and almost entirely based on the international arrangement and role expectation of the United States towards Japan after World War II, the San Francisco Peace Conference aroused strong dissatisfaction from many countries. For example, India and Myanmar, which suffered from Japanese aggression and fought against Japan, refused to attend the San Francisco Conference. On September 8, representatives of 49 countries participating in the peace conference signed a peace treaty with Japan, but the Soviet Union, Poland and Czechoslovakia refused to sign it.

China, the main force in the fight against Japanese militaristic aggression in World War II, was also the country that sacrificed the most in the fight against Japanese aggression, but it was rudely shut out because of American obstruction. On September 18, China Prime Minister Zhou Enlai issued a statement on behalf of the China Municipal Government, solemnly pointing out that the San Francisco Peace Conference was a unilateral meeting and China refused to accept the legitimacy of the peace treaty. At the same time, North Korea, Mongolia, the People's Democratic Republic of Vietnam and other countries have also issued statements that they do not recognize the San Francisco Peace Treaty.

Fifty years later, the San Francisco Peace Treaty, a "freak" bred by the cold war mentality of the United States at that time, still torments Asian politics, and a series of unresolved territorial disputes in East Asia have some connection with the San Francisco Peace Treaty.

For example, the Cairo Declaration of June1943+0/kloc-0 and the Potsdam Proclamation of July 1945 solemnly declared that North Korea gained independence after defeating Japanese militaristic forces; China territories plundered by Japanese aggression, such as Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands, were returned to China. However, the San Francisco Peace Treaty tampered with the spirit of the above-mentioned international documents, saying that "Japan renounces all rights and demands on Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands, Nansha Islands and Xisha Islands" and said nothing about the ownership of these territories, paving the way for the Chiang Kai-shek regime in the United States, Japan and Taiwan Province Province to create "two China" and conclude the "Japan-Taiwan Peace Treaty". For the needs of the Cold War at that time, the United States further expanded the division between Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province through the San Francisco Peace Treaty.