Technical specification for collection of rock specimen resources

order

This procedure is formulated to standardize the collection of rock specimens by practitioners, ensure the quality of rock specimen collection, and ensure the integrity of collected specimens and the accuracy of records.

This regulation expounds the technical requirements for collecting rock specimens in the field, as well as the operating rules and methods for purchasing, exchanging, donating and collecting rock specimens.

Appendices A-D of this Regulation are normative appendices.

This provision was put forward by the National Platform for Basic Conditions of Science and Technology.

Drafting unit of this Regulation: China Geo University (Beijing).

Drafter of this regulation: Su.

This regulation is interpreted by the national rock and mineral fossil specimen resource sharing platform.

1 range

This procedure specifies the scope and terminology of rock specimen collection, preparation for rock specimen collection, requirements for instruments and equipment, collection steps, field treatment of specimens, packaging materials and methods of specimens, transportation methods of specimens, information records, requirements and precautions for exchanging specimens, accepting donated specimens and obtaining specimens, as well as the contents, standard formats and recording requirements of field records.

This procedure is applicable to the collection of rock specimens.

2 normative reference documents

The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this specification by referring to this specification. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this specification are encouraged to study whether to use the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this regulation.

GB/T2260—2007 Administrative Division Code of the People's Republic of China

GB/T9649.9—2009 Classification Code of Geology and Mineral Terms Part 9: Crystallography and Mineralogy

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this procedure:

A. Rock: Rock is a natural solid aggregate composed of one or more minerals (including volcanic glass, biological remains and colloid).

B. Collection: refers to the process of collecting rock specimens in museums by various means. The commonly used methods of specimen collection include collection, purchase, collection, exchange, donation, exchange, allocation and reception, among which field collection is the main method, followed by purchase.

C collection: refers to the collection of specimens by professionals in the field, mining areas, mines and other places, and the formulation of corresponding collection technical regulations.

D. Purchase: refers to the purchase of collectible specimens by individuals, units or companies, and the formulation of corresponding purchase procedures and methods.

E. Recruitment: means to collect required rock samples from relevant departments or individuals in the production area by mail, letter, telephone, etc.

F exchange: based on the principle of mutual benefit or win-win, the two parties with resources exchange rock specimens of the same value, and the two exchange units negotiate and conclude an exchange agreement in advance, so as to achieve the purpose of supporting each other, adjusting the surplus and deficiency, and exchanging the needed items, and formulate corresponding exchange operation procedures and methods.

G. Donation: refers to individuals, units or groups donating their rock specimens to resource protection units free of charge, and formulating corresponding donation operation procedures and methods.

H handover: refers to the requirement of the superior competent department that the subordinate departments must hand over the research rock samples to museums, research institutes or schools after completing their work tasks.

1. Transfer: refers to the way in which the substantive management rights and responsibilities of rock specimens are transferred from one government agency to another, or changed between different units in the same agency. Superior departments allocate specimens among similar museums in China, that is, optimize the allocation of national museum collection resources.

J. takeover: refers to handing over the rock gifts accepted by the leaders of the national government or higher authorities from home and abroad to the national preservation unit for preservation.

4 technical requirements for collecting specimens

4. 1 acquisition preparation

4. 1. 1 specimen collection tools and related data collection tools

Geological hammer, chisel, coring machine, magnifying glass, compass, GPS, camera, video camera, etc.

4. 1.2 recording tool

Marker, adhesive tape (or double-sided tape), paint, dip pen (or marker), label paper, field record book.

4. 1.3 specimen packaging materials

Sample bags or collection bags (small canvas bags), plastic bags (sealed, pollution-proof and volatilization-proof), glass bottles (mainly used for samples that are easily deliquescent and oxidized), sponges, foam plastics, cotton, sawdust, wrapping paper and other shock-proof materials.

4. 1.4 Handling the acquisition license

Apply to the relevant departments for the mountain entry permit, mine entry permit or mine entry permit, specimen collection and investigation permit and specimen collection certificate of the National Geopark or Museum, and handle insurance matters.

4. 1.5 Protective articles

According to the working environment and nature, prepare some labor protection articles, such as eye protection, gloves, safety helmet and other protective articles.

4.2 Steps of Specimen Collection

General rule

The content of petrology research is to understand the origin, tectonic background and geological structure evolution law of rocks in a certain area by studying their distribution, occurrence, structure, structure, mineral composition, geochemistry and isotopes. Therefore, we should carefully observe and understand the occurrence and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of various rocks in the field, and collect enough rock samples to meet the needs of various experiments.

4.2.2 Requirements for collecting rock samples

general requirements

The collected or collected rock samples should be systematic samples of key sections that play a key role in understanding the evolution of geological structures in a region.

When collecting rock samples in the field, the name, occurrence, distribution, structure, structure and mineral composition of the collected rocks should be observed and recorded in detail, and the collector, collection time and quantity of the collected samples should also be recorded. In the laboratory, rocks should be named accurately by microscope observation and/or chemical composition test, and the characteristics of mineral formation, mineral assemblage, alteration characteristics, magmatic intrusion period and mineralization should also be recorded. For ore bodies with complex rock (ore) types and great changes in mineral assemblage, representative sections should also be selected for systematic sampling and cataloging, so as to facilitate the study of their temporal and spatial changes. The size and quantity of collected specimens should meet the above requirements.

In order to understand the time variation law of geological bodies, the collected analysis samples should be sampled according to different ore bodies and different mineral combination types. In the same ore body, it should be collected along the direction where the mineral composition changes the most. The same mineral should be sampled separately and have different physical properties. The selected analysis samples should correspond to optical or thin identification samples.

If it is necessary to collect specimens reflecting the dynamic structural characteristics of diagenesis and mineralization, directional specimens should be collected, and the attitude and spatial position should be marked.

Requirements for the number of samples collected in 4.2.2.2.

Each sample needs at least two specimens: one for collection or display, and the specimen size is usually 3cm×6cm×9cm or 3cm× 6cm×12cm; The other piece is used for slicing or analyzing test samples, and the sample quantity of chemical analysis test should be determined according to the specific situation.

Requirements of various tests on the number of rock samples in 4.2.2.3

A. major element analysis: the quality of rock samples should be no less than1g.

B rare earth element analysis and trace element analysis (ICP-MS, plasma absorption spectrum, atomic absorption spectrum, polarography, etc. ): The mass of rock or single mineral sample is required to be 10 ~ 50mg.

C artificial heavy sand: according to the content of accessory minerals, the total amount of samples required is different. Generally, 10 ~ 50kg is collected, which should meet the requirements after indoor sorting and processing.

D. Sample requirements for isotope testing: In the field, samples should be taken from rocks in different invasion and mineralization periods. The collected samples should be fresh and unchanged, and the quality of the collected samples should be around 1kg.

E Sr-nd-Pb isotope: the mass of the whole rock sample should not be less than1g.

F ar-ar dating requirements for samples: a single mineral contains a certain amount of potassium, such as muscovite, biotite, amphibole, potash feldspar and plagioclase, and the sample size is about 0.5g; It is required that the particle size of the whole rock sample is between 40-60 meshes and the mass is about 0.5g.

G.Sm-Nd dating requirements for samples: The whole rock samples or single mineral samples such as garnet and plagioclase are mainly used for testing, and the required sample quality is generally 65438 0g/sample.

H zircon SHRIMP dating requirements: zircon grain size should be above 40μm, and the number of zircon should be above 50.

1. Requirements for re-OS test samples: mainly the determination of whole rock and molybdenite, with the sample quality at least reaching 10ng.

The requirements of j.Lu-Hf dating for samples: mainly meet the requirements of plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) for Lu-Hf isotope determination of whole rocks, zircon, apatite, sphene, xenolith, polysilicate muscovite and clinopyroxene, and the sample quality should at least reach 10ng.

4.2.2.4's Requirements for Some Special Specimens

For some toxic, harmful and volatile rock samples, direct contact should be avoided as far as possible during collection and sealed in a certain collection container. For samples containing radioactive elements, they should be put into special lead containers.

4.3 Site Records of Specimen Collection

4.3. 1 On-site recording equipment

Field notebook (field notebook) (preferably waterproof field notebook) and pen.

4.3.2 Contents and methods of field records

A. General rules of sampling records: All samples shall be numbered consecutively, and the original records of samples shall be made on site, which shall be consistent with sketches and field record books. It is very important to describe the occurrence of rocks in detail, whether rocks are homogeneous or not, and whether they occur in dikes, rocks or bedrock. These characteristics need to be recorded. After all kinds of samples are collected, they should be registered in the relevant sampling register.

B the original sampling record (recorded in the field record book) shall record the following items (see appendix a):

-Sample number;

-Number of samples;

—— Specimen name;

—— Specimen occurrence;

-Description of the simple features of the specimen;

-country of origin;

-Longitude and latitude;

-elevation;

-Collectors and collection dates;

-Remarks.

C. In addition to recording the above items in the field record book, a sample label should be placed in each sample bag, and the number and rock name exactly the same as those in the field record book should be recorded on the label. Generally speaking, only one sample can be put in a bag. In addition to the label in the bag, the specimen number of the specimen should also be indicated outside the bag.

4.4 Arrangement of samples

4.4. 1 field dressing

First, the specimens collected in the field should be trimmed or preliminarily treated to make the collected specimens have a relatively regular flat parallelepiped shape, and a sufficient number of specimens with special requirements should be collected.

4.4.2 Collating specimens

When sorting out and collecting specimens, the collected rock specimens should be numbered. You can write the numbers directly in the inconspicuous place of the specimen with an oily pen, or you can apply it (or tape it) first, and then use a blue-black pen that is not easy to fade. Put the small specimen in a glass bottle, put the tape number on the glass bottle and fill in the label. Put the numbered mineral samples into sample bags and make corresponding records in the field record book.

Preliminary identification

After sorting out the specimens collected in the field, make a preliminary identification, determine the name of the large category, describe the simple characteristics and possible utilization value.

4.5 Packaging of samples

4.5. 1 General specimen packaging requirements

Sample bag (cloth), sample box (paper, wood or iron), soft paper required for special rock samples, etc.

4.5.2 Packaging requirements for special specimens

A. Packaging of loose soft rock: Some special specimens that are easy to deliquesce and oxidize can be sealed and packaged with plastic bags and marked in detail; Exquisite rock specimens should be carefully wrapped with soft paper or kitchen roll paper first, and then wrapped with newspaper or foam material, which is more safe; For brittle and soft rock specimens, it is best to wrap them with cotton or soft paper before putting them in a box. When wrapping the specimen with paper, it should be wrapped in a shape convenient for stacking, such as square block, brick, etc. In order to avoid abrasion, the label should be folded and placed in the corner of the paper bag, and the number should be written on the label 2 ~ 3 times. The specimens packed in this way can be carried in backpacks and backpacks.

B packaging of volatile rocks: use sealed containers (such as plastic bags) for packaging.

C. packaging of radioactive rocks, etc. : packed in a special container.

4.5.3 Specimen packaging steps

After the samples are collected, they should be numbered (painted or taped, etc.). ), registration, labeling, etc. In particular, indicate the sample number, collection place, field naming, etc. On the record book. Labels and samples should be packaged together, and finally numbered in the same order on the wrapping paper and packaged separately. The sample list should be attached to the sample box.

4.6 Method of sample transportation and delivery

When sending specimens, the first choice is to send them by parcel post office, followed by railway freight or road freight.

When sending samples, they must be packed in boxes, which must be filled with shavings, cotton or hay, fastened with a binder or nails, and the sample boxes should be numbered.

Please pay special attention to the following three points:

-Specimens must be numbered.

-Specimens must be labeled, packaged together with the labels, and registered in the specimen register.

-Packaging requirements for special specimens: special specimens with volatility, deliquescence and oxidation can be sealed in plastic bags, and radioactive rocks are required to be packaged in special containers, and detailed information should be indicated on the packaging box (or bag); In order to ensure safety, specimens should be placed in boxes that are not easy to bend and can be stacked firmly to avoid collision and damage during vibration; In order to make the package stronger, you can plug it with wood shavings and paper, or straw and hay (be sure to dry it to avoid mildew).

5 procedures and methods for purchasing, exchanging, donating and collecting specimens.

When purchasing, exchanging, donating and collecting specimens, you should ask the other party for relevant geological data of specimens, including the name, origin (as detailed as possible), occurrence, collector, collection date, test data and other data of rocks. In addition, you should also collect official publications and sampling location maps related to specimens.

The technical requirements for packaging and transportation of specimens for purchase, exchange, donation and collection are the same as 4.5.

5. 1 Operating procedures and methods for purchasing specimens

Before purchasing a specimen, you should ask the provider for detailed information about the specimen to be purchased, including name, quantity, specification, quality, photos, unit price and total price. , and ask relevant experts to make an evaluation based on their own purchase purpose, and decide whether to buy according to the evaluation results. When purchasing specimens for storage, you need to fill in the specimen storage evaluation report (see Appendix B).

5.2 Operating procedures and methods for exchanging specimens

The method of specimen exchange is proposed by the specimen collection team, and the purpose of exchange and the list of specimens to be exchanged are specified in detail. The exchange method is determined by relevant experts. The specimen collection team is responsible for sending exchange specimens and contacting the exchange unit.

The specimens are delivered out of the warehouse and the delivery report is filled out; Put the specimen in storage and fill in the storage report; Issue and warehousing are carried out at the same time, using the above two forms respectively.

The exchanged specimens shall be registered and put into storage, and the exchanged specimens shall be registered and put into storage and cancelled.

5.3 Operating procedures and methods of donating specimens

The person in charge of the collection and storage department applies for the warehousing registration number, fills in the warehousing registration form (in duplicate, indicating the date of donation warehousing), and handles warehousing registration and related documents, such as the minutes of the specimen review meeting and the evaluation report of the products to be collected. Donated specimens must be put into storage within one month of receipt and the unit must accept the donation procedures.

The person in charge of specimen collection is responsible for obtaining the donation contract signed by the donor or the representative of the donor unit (see Appendix C). The donation contract is made in triplicate, and the first copy is filed in the collection storage department together with the warehousing registration form and the list of donated specimens; The copy of the second copy and warehousing registration form shall be filed by the person in charge of specimen collection; The third copy is sent to the donor for preservation.

The person in charge of specimen donation or specimen collection may request the specimen collection department to issue an honorary certificate to the donor (see Appendix D).

Appendix a

(normative appendix)

Specimen collection record

Table A. 1 specimen collection record table

Appendix b

(normative appendix)

Specimen storage evaluation report

Table B. 1 sample storage evaluation report

Appendix c

(normative appendix)

Specimen donation contract

Table C. 1 specimen donation contract