1865, Austrian priest Mendel made an experiment with peas commonly found in recipes, and summed up the genetic law. 1902, Sutton discovered the relationship between chromosomes and genetic genes; 19 10 years, Morgan first linked specific genes with specific chromosomes; 1953, Watson and Crick published the DNA double helix model, and molecular biology was born. 1966, 64 genetic codes were decoded; 197 1 year, restriction endonuclease was discovered, and then Berg constructed the first recombinant DNA molecule in the laboratory, which means that the genetic traits of organisms can be artificially modified. 1980 Berg was 54 years old when he won the Nobel Prize.