Putonghua is based on Beijing dialect and northern dialect, in which Beijing dialect does not include Beijing dialect and northern dialect does not include northern dialect; The meaning of the north here is broad, including our Jianghuai area. In this way, Yangzhou dialect also occupies a certain proportion in the vocabulary of Putonghua. Yangzhou dialect is an important part of Jianghuai Mandarin (commonly known as Xiajiang Mandarin) and belongs to the northern dialect. Of course, Mandarin does not include the local dialect in Yangzhou dialect. Mandarin is the crystallization and sublimation of many dialects.

Formation of dialects

Dialect originated from tribal language and tribal language, and it is a local variety of Chinese. The formation of dialects is the result of lack of communication between underdeveloped areas. The less developed areas are now, the more dialects there are. There are about 3,500 languages in the world, among which Africa has165,438+040.

The value of dialect

Dialect itself is indeed a culture, or a complex. Dialect can continue to play a role in promoting nostalgia and affection within a certain geographical scope; In the field of art, it will continue to play the role of prospering folk culture. Imagine that if you sing Suzhou Pingtan or Yangzhou Pinghua in Mandarin, it is not a local art, and dialects have considerable use value.

But after all, Putonghua is developed on the basis of dialects, which is higher than dialects. The phonemes of Putonghua are relatively complete, and there are four tones mixed, which has a strong sense of rhythm and musicality. The vocabulary and idioms in Putonghua are richer and more expressive than before. If you sing in Mandarin and dialect respectively, or recite prose poems, or read government statements, the appeal and effect will be obviously different.

Dialects will eventually die out.

At present, although there are as many as 3,000 or 4,000 languages in the world, about 65 languages have been designated as official languages or common languages by various countries. Due to the establishment of common language, dialects of various languages are gradually declining, and the role of dialects is shrinking.

Everything is developing and changing, and it also influences each other. The gradual popularization of Putonghua will inevitably have a gradual impact on dialect pronunciation. There is no difference between Wang Huang's surname in Wu dialect and Niu Liuyin in Yangzhou dialect, and the phenomenon that Lin Ling and Su Shu are homonyms will eventually change. Dialect is bound to absorb a large number of words from Putonghua, and at the same time, it will abandon some words that have only pronunciation but no corresponding words or are obviously outdated. But this change is not the degeneration of dialects, but the progress of dialects. Of course, Mandarin will continue to absorb words spread from dialects. With the development and progress of China's economy, science and technology and society, local dialects will inevitably converge and will be gradually unified under the banner of Putonghua.

Of course, the demise of dialects will be a long historical period, just as capitalism will surely die, and no one can say when. Judging from the current developed countries, although their national languages have long been popular, dialects are still widespread. British English is pronounced according to Oxford. But if you travel to London, it is not difficult to hear local dialects and idiomatic English with Scottish or Welsh accent on the street.

As far as the present situation of China is concerned, dialects are far from disappearing. In some areas, due to economic development and expansion, local dialects are still in the development stage and even flooded. It is an exaggeration to say that "languages are dying out every year in the world" or even that "one or two dialects are dying out every day".

Dialects don't need protection.

The emergence, development, decline and extinction of dialects are the inevitable result of the development of things and the historical necessity. Dialect can't be protected, nor can it be protected. Language is a tool for people to exchange ideas. Even the tools should be constantly improved and updated, and even the backward ones should be thrown away and used with more advanced ones.

It is impossible to encourage people in the same dialect area to always use dialects. With the improvement of people's education, civilization and quality of life, you will find that more and more people, even middle-aged and elderly people, like to speak one or two sentences of Mandarin.

Because the learning and use of Putonghua is closely related to education and foreign exchange, young people who love to speak Putonghua can often flaunt their cultural level. Sometimes, the pronunciation, language and intonation of a person's speech can really be a sign of his cultural level and refined temperament.

It is also not feasible to offer regional language courses. Take Yangzhou dialect as an example. Many dialect words only have phonetic symbols and can't write. Some words don't care verbally, but once they are written, they find it difficult to be elegant. For example, "pee" and "don't know" in He Lixia, Jiangsu. One of the characteristics of developed languages is that synonyms are particularly rich. Medieval English often had three synonyms to express the same concept. Among these three words, one comes from old English, one from French and one from Latin. However, the word "du" in He Lixia dialect in northern Jiangsu can express countless meanings. For example, "Have you ever taken it?" Have you eaten? ) "I punched him twice." "I scolded him." "I took a nap." "I have (bought) two Jin" and so on.

Teaching materials are needed to set up dialect courses, and the contents of textbooks have to be selected from a large number of literary works of various genres written in dialects. To learn dialects well, we must have a high-level dictionary to standardize the font, pronunciation and usage of dialects. At present, these conditions seem difficult to meet.

In a word, we think it is necessary to vigorously promote Putonghua. But at present, it should be a "bilingual" context, and we should insist on speaking Mandarin in formal occasions. In daily life, dialects can continue to play a role in promoting nostalgia and affection, and in the field of art, dialects can be advocated to continue to play a role in prospering folk culture.