Basic introduction Chinese name: mbth, Swedish Academy of Royal Sciences: Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien founded: 1739 Headquarters address: Stockholm branch number: 12 Work content: academic award selection and editing history, organizational structure, work objectives, work content, scientific forums, awards hosting, published works, History The Swedish Academy of Royal Sciences, as an unofficial independent academic group, was committed to promoting the development of science, especially natural science and mathematics, under the order of King Frederic of Sweden in 1739. Among its founding members are the world-famous naturalist Carl Linnaeus and the mercantilist Jonas Ulster &; Ouml mechanical engineer m&m；; AringRten Triewald, statesman Anders Johan von H&; ouml； He later became the first lifelong secretary of science at the Royal Swedish Academy. Since the establishment of the Academy, the members of the Academy of Sciences of the Royal Swedish Academy have been elected. However, there is no hard and fast rule about who can be an academician and how many academicians the Academy of Sciences should consist of. They are mainly composed of two parts, one is aristocrats and bureaucrats, the other is university professors. In addition, a few pharmacists, doctors, priests and military officers were elected to the Academy of Sciences. At that time, the Royal Swedish Academy of Science was not criticized for choosing them as academicians because the dignitaries could bring huge economic benefits to this new thing. Linnaeus, the first president of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and a famous botanist, once said very frankly that the Academy of Sciences should be composed of two kinds of academicians, one is a working academician and the other is a sponsoring academician. The former's task is to report their own scientific discoveries, while the latter mainly plays an encouraging and promoting role, but its role is also very valuable for the development of the Academy of Sciences. Therefore, the early academicians of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences are all kinds of people. /kloc-In the first half of the 9th century, the Swedish Academy of Royal Sciences, under the leadership of the famous scientist Jacob Bezelius, carried out major reforms. According to the needs of economic and scientific development at that time, it was divided into nine divisions. At the same time, the qualifications of academicians of the Academy of Sciences are also strictly regulated. Except for a few honorary academicians, most of them are outstanding representatives of various disciplines in Sweden. The science of the Royal Swedish Academy has thus entered a new period of normal development. Since the establishment of the Academy in 1930s, the members of the Academy of Sciences of the Royal Swedish Academy have been appointed for life, but the total number of academicians has been limited. As a result, the aging phenomenon of academicians is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, in the early 1970s, the Science College of the Royal Swedish Academy had to be reformed. However, the new reform measures do not abolish the tenure system of academicians, but stipulate that old academicians can be added as long as they pass the legal retirement age of 65, but those over 65 can still retain their academician status. In addition, in order to ensure a certain proportion of young and middle-aged academicians, the new reform measures also stipulate that the number of academicians under 65 must reach 16 1. In the past two years, the number of academicians under 65 has further increased to 164. At present, young and middle-aged academicians under the age of 65 account for nearly half of the academicians of the Royal Academy of Sciences, effectively ensuring the vitality and vitality of the Academy. The organizational structure of German scientists who won the Nobel Prize in Physics The Swedish Academy of Science consists of 12 branches, which conduct research in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, geology, geography, botany, zoology, medicine, engineering technology, geophysics, economics, statistics and sociology. Among the 408 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, there are 228 Swedes and 0/80 foreigners. At present, the Swedish Academy of Science has six scientific research institutions: Botany Institute, Abisco Institute of Natural Sciences, Couriss Chenebeli Oceanographic Institute, Mitagu Leffler Foundation (an international institution engaged in advanced mathematics research), Institute of Cosmic Physics (jointly researched by Spain, Sweden, Denmark and Britain), and Biegel Institute engaged in energy and human ecology research. The Royal Swedish Academy Science Club is located in Stockholm. Except for the permanent secretary, all academicians, including the president, are amateurs and do not enjoy any direct economic benefits. Moreover, the academician's work in the Academy of Sciences is also amateur, and he can't get any economic compensation. The chairman of the Scientific Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy, three vice-chairmen who assist the chairman and a full-time secretary-general form the presidium of the Scientific Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy. The functional management organization is a committee composed of the Presidium and 12 members, which is mainly responsible for making the planning of the Academy of Sciences and ensuring the full utilization of existing resources. The daily work of the Academy of Sciences is carried out by branch committees in various fields. The main goal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science is to serve Swedish scientific research: to provide an interdisciplinary forum for researchers; Provide a unique research environment for researchers; Funding for young scholars; Reward outstanding contributions in research; Arrange international scientific exchanges; Reflect the desire of scientific research and influence the formulation of research policies; Stimulate China students' interest in mathematics and natural science; Publish scientific and popular science information in different forms. At the same time, the Royal Swedish Academy of Science is famous for its special Nobel Prize selection committee. Since 190 1, the Royal Swedish Academy of Science has been responsible for the selection of the annual Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry, and since 1968, it has also participated in the selection of the Swedish Bank Economics Prize (Nobel Prize in Economics) in memory of alfred nobel. Professor orstrom is an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Royal Swedish Academy. Besides the Nobel Prize, the Academy of Sciences of the Royal Swedish Academy is also responsible for the selection of international awards such as Crawford Prize, Shock Prize and Eminov Prize. It mainly seeks to: become an exchange forum for researchers in various fields; Provide a unique research environment; Support young researchers; Reward scientists who have made outstanding contributions to science; Arrange international scientific exchanges; Publish scientific opinions and influence the setting of R&D priority areas; Stimulate students' interest in mathematics and natural science; Disseminate scientific knowledge and popular science knowledge through various forms. The Science Forum of the Royal Swedish Academy is an independent non-governmental organization. At present, it mainly plays the role of Swedish Free Science Forum, providing suggestions for the decision-making of * * *. At present, the tasks shouldered by academicians mainly include: regularly attending meetings held by various departments of the Academy of Sciences to discuss the development of related sciences and report the latest scientific development trends; Participate in various academic seminars organized by interdisciplinary committees under the Academy of Sciences. The award is sponsored by the Academy of Science of the Royal Swedish Academy, which awards various awards to scientists who have made outstanding contributions every year, including international awards and domestic awards. Nobel Prize Medal International Prize Nobel Prize in Chemical Physics Crafoord Award of Swedish Bank for Economic Science (mainly awarded to outstanding scientists in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, biology, earth science and polyarthritis) Rolf Schock Award (mainly awarded to scientists who have made outstanding contributions in logic, philosophy, mathematics, visual arts and music). Gregori Aminoff Award (mainly for scientists who have made outstanding contributions in crystallography) Swedish domestic award tage erlander Award (mainly for scientists who have made outstanding contributions in natural science and technology) Gan Gustafsson Award (mainly for scientists who have made outstanding contributions in molecular biology, physics and chemistry, Scientists who have made outstanding contributions in mathematics and medicine) Ingvar Lindqvist Award (mainly for chemistry, biology and mathematics education of scientists who have made outstanding contributions in physics) Selberg Award (mainly awarded to people who have made outstanding contributions in the fields of economics, law and medicine) Published works published by the Swedish Academy of Science in six international journals and magazines such as physics, chemistry, mathematics and environmental science. Including: Ambio (International Environmental Studies), Mathematica Journal, Physica Scripta, Acta Zoologica, Zoologica Scripta, Artificial Intelligence Electronic Processing (ETAI) journals. In addition, it also publishes various reports, monographs and award-winning articles.