The general diet is divided into protein, cereals, fruits and vegetables and dairy products. Protein includes pork, beef and mutton, fish, poultry, beans and bean products. Whether animal protein or plant protein, it mainly provides protein, vitamin B and trace elements such as zinc, selenium and calcium. Cereals refer to staple foods, such as rice, steamed bread, noodles, porridge and cakes. They mainly provide carbohydrates, vitamin B, iron and so on. It is an indispensable nutrient for people to rest. Vegetables and fruits can supply vitamins and minerals, and most of them are alkaline, which plays a certain role in maintaining the supportive acid-base balance in people's rest environment. Dairy products, such as milk, goat milk, condensed milk, yogurt, milk cooler, etc. Is the main source of vitamins a, b, d and calcium. 2. Dietary nutrition of radiotherapy and chemotherapy patients. Patients receiving radiotherapy often have symptoms such as dry mouth, sore throat and dysphagia during the treatment. Semi-liquid diet can be used, and the staple foods are porridge, jujube porridge, bread, noodles and so on. , with rich nutrition of meat, fish, eggs, beans and vegetables, and snacks can be 1 ~ 2 times a day, such as chemotherapy patients are prone to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other digestive tract reactions, and some have liver and kidney function damage. They can adopt a semi-liquid diet with less slag, or they can be accompanied by nutritious non-staple food. They should not eat sweets, contain too much greasy, fatty and fried food, put less seasonings when cooking, and drink some cool and nutritious drinks between meals. Food should be as hot as possible. If accompanied by diarrhea, you should avoid eating foods that are easy to cause abdominal cramps or flatulence. When diarrhea is severe, eat more foods with high potassium content, such as potatoes and apricots. 3. Diet before and after the operation For a period of time before the operation, patients should strengthen nutrition, enhance their physique and prepare for the operation. Routine fasting 12 hours before operation, and water deprivation for 4 ~ 6 hours before operation to keep the stomach empty, otherwise vomiting will be caused during anesthesia, which may be life-threatening in severe cases and flatulence in gastrointestinal tract after operation. The choice of postoperative diet can be determined according to the recovery of gastrointestinal function of patients. One is liquid, such as milk, fruit juice, sugar water, etc. , will gradually shift to semi-liquid, soft food and general food, and the proportion of various nutrients in the diet will gradually shift from simple to comprehensive. (3) the way of supplying nutrition 1. Oral diet is the best way to get all the nutrients. Can be digested by digestive juice, absorbed by small intestine, fully absorb nutrients and promote appetite. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to eat orally as much as possible, and medical staff should make an appropriate balanced diet plan according to the location of the tumor, the biochemical indicators of the patient and the performance of side effects during treatment. For patients with oral diseases and digestive tract malignant lesions after chemotherapy, liquid food or semi-liquid food is given. Partial resection of digestive organs affects the storage, so you can eat less and eat more meals to promote digestion. 2. Patients with disturbance of consciousness or inability to chew, swallow and perform oral and hypopharyngeal surgery should be given nasal feeding diet. The requirements of nasal feeding diet are fine, appropriate temperature, no residue, comprehensive nutrition and appropriate juice ratio. In protein, attention should be paid to the combination of plant protein and animal protein, and vitamins and inorganic salts, such as vitamin C and trace element selenium, should be supplemented appropriately. 3. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was once called "intravenous nutrition". In recent years, total parenteral nutrition has been widely used in clinic, especially in patients with advanced cancer. Its characteristic is that it is not affected by the appetite and digestive function of patients, nor is it limited by the way of infusion. Central venous infusion can continuously and evenly input all the nutrients needed by the body, so that patients can still maintain the stability of the internal environment of the body without eating, thus protecting the functions of metabolically active organs and important organs, reducing catabolism, promoting the synthesis and renewal of tissues, and enabling the body to have sufficient defense ability under stress, thus shortening the course of disease, promoting rehabilitation and prolonging the life of patients. 4. Elemental diet is a kind of synthetic water-soluble powder, which contains many nutrients. The formula is reasonable, the nutrition is comprehensive, and it meets the requirements of physiological nutrition standards. In clinical application, it is a diet that needs no digestion or little digestion and is easy to absorb. In the process of application, we should strictly grasp the indications and contraindications as well as matters needing attention in use.

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