1, vegetables eaten by elderly people with hypertension and diabetes
Suitable food: Chinese cabbage, spinach, water spinach, celery, wax gourd, bitter gourd, cucumber and tomato.
Suitable food: rice, flour, oats, corn and its products; Lotus root, yam, pumpkin, etc. Mung beans, adzuki beans, black beans, soybeans and their products; Fish and shrimp, pork, beef and mutton, poultry, eggs, milk and their products; Walnut, peanut, pistachio, melon seeds, etc.
2. Foods that are not recommended for the elderly with hypertension and diabetes.
Brown sugar, granulated sugar, rock sugar, honey, chocolate, candied fruit, cola, sprite, canned sugar water, ice cream, dessert, ham, sausage, bacon, etc.
3. Principles
Balance of calorie intake and consumption. Calculate the total calories that should be taken in every day, and make scientific calculations to balance the calories taken in and consumed.
Choose high-quality protein. First of all, we should limit the intake of protein, especially those with elevated blood urea nitrogen; Secondly, the source of protein should be high-quality animal protein such as milk, lean meat, eggs and seafood.
Eat more foods rich in fiber. Eat more foods rich in fiber, such as kelp and laver. Dietary fiber is not digested and absorbed by small intestine, but it can bring satiety, help reduce food consumption and delay the absorption of sugar and fat. Soluble dietary fiber, which is rich in cereals, cereals and beans, can adsorb cholesterol in the intestine and help lower blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
Matters needing attention in diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension
The blood pressure should reach the standard.
Generally speaking, the goal of blood pressure treatment for the elderly should be ≤ 140/90mmHg, the blood pressure of young and middle-aged people should be ≤ 130/85mmHg, and the blood pressure of diabetic nephropathy should be ≤ 130/85mmHg. However, when urine protein is >: at 1g/ day, the best goal is achieved.
Control and treat all reversible risk factors.
Strictly control blood sugar at about 6 ~ 7 mmol/L; Obese people should lose weight and increase the amount of exercise appropriately; People with hyperlipidemia should eat less fat and animal viscera and take lipid-lowering drugs appropriately; Smokers should strictly give up smoking.
Choosing antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of experts
After diabetes complicated with hypertension, you must choose antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of a doctor, because most diabetic patients have complications such as heart, brain, kidney and fundus, and some are accompanied by autonomic and peripheral nerve complications, while some antihypertensive drugs will aggravate some complications, and some antihypertensive drugs have a good therapeutic effect on some complications. Therefore, patients must consult a specialist before taking antihypertensive drugs to avoid adverse events caused by improper drug selection.
Optional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine has a good effect on diabetes and hypertension, especially on syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is beneficial to patients with various complications. Patients can find experienced Chinese medicine practitioners for comprehensive diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.
Principles of medication for hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus
Monotherapy must be appropriate.
Patients with mild diabetes and hypertension can use single antihypertensive drugs. When choosing drugs, we should not only consider the good antihypertensive effect, but also pay attention to the influence of drugs on blood sugar, blood lipid and diabetic complications. Among the six antihypertensive drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists should be the first choice for diabetic patients.
Combination medication should be selected.
When patients with diabetes and hypertension cannot take a single antihypertensive drug or have adverse drug reactions, one or more low-dose antihypertensive drugs should be combined in time. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor antagonist, as the basis of combined medication, can not only obtain better curative effect, but also reduce the adverse reactions of drugs when combined with other antihypertensive drugs. When angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor is used in combination with diuretics in small doses, the former has a slight potassium retention effect and reduces the adverse reactions caused by diuretics.
Long-acting preparations should be selected.
Most patients with diabetes and hypertension should choose long-acting antihypertensive drugs once a day, which is not only beneficial to patients' acceptance, but also has a more lasting and stable antihypertensive effect and is more conducive to protecting heart, brain and kidney organs. For example, nifedipine short-acting calcium antagonists can reflexively activate the sympathetic nervous system, causing adverse reactions such as flushing, palpitation, headache and nausea, and are not suitable for diabetic patients; However, its long-acting preparations, such as nifedipine sustained-release tablets and controlled-release tablets, not only have good antihypertensive effect and little adverse effect on metabolism, but also can reduce urine protein and protect renal function, which is suitable for long-term use by diabetic patients.