Quantity makes it light, strong and efficient, and it can be used for many purposes.
With the development of mountaineering and the continuous progress of science and technology, the quality of mountaineering equipment and
Performance is also constantly improving, which is very necessary to improve the level of mountaineering. For example, France
The weight of a main rope used for the first mountaineering can reach 20 kilograms, and other mountaineering equipment is also very heavy.
At that time, their climbing height only reached about 4000 meters. At present, the weight of a main rope is only 1.5 gong.
Gold, the weight of other equipment is also greatly reduced, and it is more durable, and the heat preservation and electricity prevention performance is also greatly improved.
In addition, it can ensure mountaineers to climb peaks of various heights and difficulties. In recent years, mountaineering circles in various countries
We constantly study and improve all kinds of equipment. For example, many countries are trying to improve the capacity and equipment of oxygen cylinders.
In order to study the use efficiency, Japan adopted the so-called "ring oxygen mask" to replace the original breathing.
Device, so that the original use of oxygen for one minute increased to more than two minutes. They also climb the altitude.
Special equipment such as oxygen for two people and oxygen for rock climbing over 8000 meters has been modified. this
In addition, the clothing and camping equipment of mountaineers are constantly improving. In recent years, there are lighters.
Warm inflatable tents and other camping equipment.
In terms of alpine food, in addition to refined high-calorie compressed food and fresh-keeping dehydrated vegetables, some countries
Scientists also used a "homemade can" specially developed for astronauts, which is light and portable, and has enough heat.
In recent years, communication tools have also been greatly improved. At present, it has been widely used in mountaineering.
Lightweight, portable and good performance hiking walkie-talkie better ensures mountaineers and interested parties.
Contact. With the improvement of mountaineering equipment, people's mountaineering skills are constantly improving, and the height and difficulty of climbing.
The degree has also increased.
Fully dressed and equipped.
Due to the different environments of competitive mountaineering and adventure mountaineering, the requirements for their equipment are also different.
Competitive mountaineering equipment
Rock underwear is underwear worn in competitive mountaineering activities. It should be close-fitting, with small cuffs and small trouser legs.
Wool products with strong elasticity, wear resistance and elasticity are the best.
Rock shoes are special shoes for rock work. It is best to use strong and breathable leather for uppers and soles.
Use harder rubber materials. Thick soles are good for friction fixation.
Adventure mountaineering equipment
Warm clothing is used to keep warm and keep out the cold in mountaineering activities. It is best to use high-quality duck down for the thermal insulation layer, and the fabric is light and thin.
Thin, dense, waterproof and windproof. The color of the clothing surface is mainly dark. For convenience, try to be bright.
Absorb heat, which is convenient for observation and identification on the mountain and under the mountain. Besides clothes and trousers, they can also be made as needed.
Down socks, gloves and vest.
Raincoats are made of waterproof high-quality nylon materials. It has good windproof and warm-keeping performance. Jacket company
The tightness of the hat, cap mouth, cuffs and trouser legs can be adjusted.
Alpine shoes are special shoes for climbing snow-capped mountains. It has light material requirements and good warmth retention.
Waterproof, breathable and other properties. Alpine shoes should also be equipped with leggings and shoe covers to improve warmth.
The function of waterproof protection. When walking on an ice slope, you should also tie crampons to your feet.
Travelling bag: including backpack, backrest, duffel bag and protective glasses, which are used to keep out strong sunlight and snow.
Shoot lights to prevent ultraviolet rays from hurting eyes. The lenses of protective glasses should be brown lenses.
All right. In mountainous areas above 7000 meters above sea level, climbers should be equipped with special protection devices against ultraviolet and infrared rays.
Snow glasses.
technical plant
Ice pick This is an essential tool when crossing the ice and snow slopes. It can be used not only to build roads, but also to assist travel.
And used for protection.
Cradle Cradle is made of light hard metal and fixed at the bottom of alpine shoes, which plays a role in fixing and preventing skid.
Seat belts Seat belts consist of traps, belts and clips, which are tied around the waist. All kinds of protective equipment and people.
The connecting device of the body.
The length of the main rope is 40-50m, the diameter is 9- 12mm, and the bearing capacity is above 1500kg, so it is light.
Strong nylon products, different personnel should be equipped with different colors of the main rope, so that when using.
Identify. It is the necessary technical equipment for group protection, crossing the river, rock climbing and all kinds of protection.
The diameter of the auxiliary rope is smaller than that of the main rope, about 6-8 mm, and the bearing capacity is about 800 kg. Its material is in phase with the main rope.
Similarly, it is used in conjunction with the main rope.
Avalanche Ribbon This is a sign to search for victims in case of danger such as avalanche. Small specific gravity and bright color.
Made of shiny silk. Each root is about 5 meters long and 0.0 1 meter wide. Through the avalanche zone
Before, tie this thing to the athlete.
In the technical operation of iron lock, some technical equipment needs to be turned on and off alternately.
In order to avoid complicated tying and untying operations, if the action is simple and quick, an iron lock is needed.
Auxiliary. Sometimes iron locks can be used instead of pulleys.
There are two kinds of steel cones: rock cones and ice cones. Climbing on rocks, ice and snow terrain to overcome difficulties
During the operation, steel cones with different lengths and types are driven into rock cracks and ice layers as marching peace.
Protection fulcrum
Hammer is generally used to drive in and pull out steel cones.
Snow shovels are used for shoveling operations such as leveling camps and building snow caves.
On the basis of the above technical equipment, some collaborative technical equipment can be equipped as needed, as above.
Elevator, descender, sled, metal ladder, small hanging ladder, pulley, etc.
Open camp equipment
tent
Tents can be divided into low mountain tents and high mountain tents. Low mountain tents are generally made of single-layer materials.
Alpine tents should be made of double-layer materials with an air layer in the middle to increase heat insulation. Generally speaking, each tent is about
There is a space of 4 cubic meters, which can accommodate 2-4 people. If the team is large, tents in the base camp can be made separately.
Become more practical accommodation tents, cooking tents, medical tents, etc. The tops of all kinds of tents are curved.
This can increase its stability and practicality. Its quality requirements are waterproof, insulation and ventilation, and
Seek bright colors. Its entrance and exit should be easy to open and close.
sleeping bag
The material used is the same as the down jacket, but the insulation layer is thicker. In order to be waterproof and moistureproof, it should also be equipped with foam.
Plastic or air mattress, etc.
culinary implements
Used for boiling water and cooking. You can also keep warm. There are two kinds of gasoline stoves and kerosene stoves. Air above 7000 meters
On thin mountains, the latter works better. Commonly used gas stoves are small in size and light in weight, each weighing 270 grams, which is flammable.
Burn for 3 hours.
Anti-obstacle equipment
Support equipment is not a special product for mountaineers, but to deal with various accidents and others.
Some spare equipment and appliances. Such as oxygen equipment, communication equipment, photographic equipment and self-defense equipment.
Instruments, vehicles, observation instruments, medical rescue equipment, etc. The type and quantity of supported devices should be based on
The nature of the task and the size of the team.
oxygen apparatus
When climbing the peak above 7500m, in order to overcome hypoxia and medical emergency, aerobic is generally needed.
Gas equipment. The oxygen equipment consists of an air storage tank, an indicating device and a mask. The gas storage tank is used to store oxygen.
The wall of the container should be as light as possible and resistant to high pressure. The indicating device comprises a barometer and a regulator,
The former indicates the oxygen storage capacity in the oxygen cylinder, while the latter controls and indicates the flow rate when oxygen is used. When the mask is worn on the face,
The mouth, the ratio and the oxygen equipment are sealed into a system, and oxygen is absorbed through a buffer bag and a rubber tube.
Communication equipment
Used to connect athletes with the base camp, and between the base camp and nearby cities. It is better to use the former.
Small high performance walkie-talkie. The latter can select the corresponding type of radio transceiver according to the distance. exist
In the contact between the base camp and the mountains, athletes should be familiar with and master some primitive, basic and simple things as much as possible.
Simple communication methods, such as semaphores, lanterns, whistles, etc. So pay attention to the national flag and hand in equipment.
Flashlight, signal lamp, whistle, fireworks, etc. In some special cases, burning clothes can also be used as communication.
Signs of contact.
photographic equipment
In some mountaineering activities aimed at climbing the top of the mountain, photography is to record and hunt to confirm the summit.
Information means. Therefore, photographic equipment is a necessary and indispensable equipment. If conditions permit, except cameras.
Xu, you can also be equipped with movie cameras and video recording equipment.
Daily equipment
Daily equipment is daily utensils and supplies. A mountaineering activity in which athletes are active on high mountains.
It takes a long time, sometimes as long as two months, and all kinds of materials have to be memorized. Daily equipment includes life.
Articles, sanitary articles, simple tools, standing medicines, directional chart instruments, entertainment articles, paper.
Stationery, sewing equipment, lighting equipment, sporting goods, etc.
Mountaineering is a sport that burns money. . . . These things are very expensive. But it's also safe. Ha ha. It is suggested that the landlord consider it himself.