I. Sources

Bai Juyi's Pipa Tour in Tang Dynasty

Second, the original text

In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn. I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music. Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon. We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left. We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again. However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.

... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings. Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life. She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit. She brushed the strings, slowly twisted, swept and plucked. After "Nishang" and "Liu Yao", the big strings hummed like rain, and the small strings whispered like secrets. Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice.

The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop. The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice. A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river. She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite. Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.

She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians. Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers. How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song. The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine. Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention. Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared. Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman.

Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago. She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder. We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ! A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile. Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.

My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining. Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears. Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music. Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. Translate the travel notes of pipa for you. ... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.

Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces. But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.

Third, explain

On autumn night, I went to Xunyang Jiangtou to see off a returning guest, and the autumn wind blew the maple leaves and reeds rustling. My guests and I dismounted from the boat to bid farewell and drank useless music. If you don't drink well, it will be even sadder. You left, and the river reflected the bright moon at night. Suddenly I heard the crisp sound of pipa on the river; I forgot to return, and the guests didn't want to leave.

Find the sound source and ask who is playing the pipa. Pipa stopped for a long time but nothing happened. We brought the boat closer and invited her out to meet; Tell the servant to add more wine, and then set the banquet under the lamp. It was a long time before she came out slowly, holding the pipa in her arms and covering her face half. Tighten the piano shaft, pluck the strings and try to play a few times; Form is very affectionate before it becomes a tune.

The sad sound of the strings suggests meditation; It seems to be telling the frustration of her life; She kept her head down and kept playing; Tell the infinite past in your heart with the sound of the piano. Close it gently, twist it slowly, wipe it and pick it. Play "Colorful Feather" at the beginning and then "Liuyao". The big string is long and noisy, like a storm; Xiaoxian is gentle and quiet, as if someone is whispering.

Noise and tangles are played alternately; Like a string of beads falling from a jade plate. Pipa sounds like a smooth birdsong under a flower for a while, and then it sounds like a difficult, low and intermittent sound of water flowing under the ice. It seems that the cold and astringent pipa sound of the spring began to condense, and the sound of poor condensation gradually stopped.

Like another kind of sadness and hatred secretly breeds; At this time, it is more touching than the sound. Suddenly, it seems that the silver bottle broke into the water and splashed; Like armored cavalry fighting with swords and guns. At the end of the song, she aimed at the center of the strings and parted them; The roar of four strings seems to tear the cloth. People from the East Ship and the West Ship listened quietly; I saw Bai Yue reflected in the middle of the river.

She thoughtfully put the pick away and inserted it on the strings; Finishing clothes still looks solemn. She said I was a famous singer in Beijing. My hometown is in Ling Ran, southeast of Chang 'an. Learn to play pipa at the age of thirteen; My name was included in the first lineup of Jiao Fang Philharmonic Orchestra. Every song makes the art masters gasp in admiration; Every time I make up Chengdu, I am envied by my fellow geisha.

Rich children in Kyoto compete to offer color; I don't know how much red yarn I collected after playing a song. The silver grate in the hammer head is often broken when it is struck; I don't regret that the red skirt is stained with wine. Spent year after year in laughter and farce; Autumn goes and spring comes, and good times are wasted. My brother joined the army, and my sister died at home, which has been ruined; As time goes by, I get old and my skin color fades.

Cars and horses in front of the door reduce diners; Youth is gone, so I have to marry a businessman. When businessmen value profits more than feelings, they tend to leave easily; He went to Fuliang to do tea business last month. He left, leaving me alone at the mouth of the river; The autumn moon accompanied me around the cabin, and the autumn water was cold. In the middle of the night, I often dream that I had a good time when I was young; I woke up crying in my dream, and my face was stained with tears.

Listening to the cry of pipa, I have shook my head and sighed; It makes me sad to hear her talk again. We are all sad people who have fallen to the end of the world; Why do you ask if you have seen it before when you meet today? Since I left the bustling capital Chang 'an last year; He was relegated to Xunyang River and often fell ill. Xunyang this place is desolate and remote without music; You can't hear orchestral instruments all year round.

Living in a low-lying and humid place on the Ganjiang River; Yellow reeds and bitter bamboo surround the first house. What can you hear here sooner or later? Full of sad cries of cuckoo apes. Riverside flowers, as good as Qiu Jiang moonlit night; I can't help it I often drink wine alone. Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just hoarse and harsh.

Tonight, I listened to you play the pipa and spoke your mind, just like hearing Yue Xian's refreshing. Please don't refuse to sit down and play another song; I want to write a new poem "Pipa" for you. Moved by my words, she stood for a long time; Turn around and sit down, then tighten the strings and dial the urgent tone.

Sadness is no longer like the sound just now; People here are hard of hearing, hiding their faces and crying.

Which of you shed the most tears? My tears of Jiangzhou Sima soaked my blue skirt!

Fourth, the key points

1, move left: demote, demote. The ancient left is inferior, so it is called "moving left".

2. Next year: the second year.

3. clank: describe the sound made by metal, jade, etc.

4. Kyoto sound: refers to the music popular in the capital of the Tang Dynasty.

5. Advocating women: singing girls. Advocate, ancient song and dance artist.

6. Good talent: At that time, it was a general term for pipa or Qufu. It means "expert".

7. Commitment: Commitment refers to the meaning of marriage.

8、for: do。

9. Jia people: businessmen.

10. Order wine: ask men to set the wine.

1 1, quick: carefree.

12, Sympathy: Melancholy.

13, drifting: drifting and falling.

14, official: Beijing official transfer.

15, natural: indifferent and quiet.

16, relocation: demotion or exile.

17, for: creation.

18, long sentence: refers to a seven-character poem.

19, Song: Song.

20. To sum up.

2 1, word: word.

22, life: naming, title.

23. Rustle: Describe the sound of maple and reed being blown by autumn wind.

24. Master: The poet refers to himself.

25, back to the light: redial the light. X: Here we go again.

26. Ingot picking: winding the shaft of the silk string on the pipa for tuning and tuning.

27. Concealment: covering up and suppressing.

28. Thinking: sadness and injury.

29, letter hand: handy.

30. Keep playing: Keep playing.

3 1, close: push the middle of the inner pipa by the fingers of the left hand.

32. Kneading strings: the action of kneading strings.

33, rub: pull the string to the left, also known as "play."

34. Pick: the action of backhand callback.

35. Major chord: refers to the thickest chord.

36. Noisy: The sound is heavy and melodious.

37. Minor chord: refers to the thinnest chord.

38, serious: fine to promote quiet, eager to be fine.

39. Guan: Birds sing.

40. pharynx: hey.

4 1, difficult under the ice: the spring flow is blocked under the ice, which describes the music changing from smooth to cold.

42. Stagnation: Stagnation.

43. sputtering.

44, the end of the song: the end of the music.

45. plucking: a plucking tool used when playing strings.

46. Be careful when drawing: This is a right-handed technique. At the end of a piece of music, you often draw four strings in the middle of the pipa with a plucker.

47. boat: boat.

48. Convergence: Convergence of facial expressions.

49. Tie the head: send brocade, silk and other gifts to cabaret prostitutes.

50. Silk: thin and light.

5 1, cymbal silver comb: This refers to the comb-shaped hair accessories inlaid with cymbals.

52. Clap your hands: beat the time.

53, color reason: appearance aging.

54. Come and go: after leaving.

55, dream makeup tears: crying in a dream, there are tears on the face that have been evenly powdered.

56. Dry: scattered vertically and horizontally.

57, heavy: re-emphasize.

58. haw: sigh.

59, spit dumb ridicule: describe noisy.

60. Pipa language: Pipa sound, music played by Pipa.

6 1, temporary: suddenly.

62, but sit: go back to the original place.

63, promote the string: twist the string tighter.

64. Forward voice: It was monotonous just now.

65. Hide tears: hide your face and cry.

Extended data

I. Appreciation of works

The theme of this poem is "we are all unhappy-until the end of the sky, we met." We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ."

By writing about the misfortunes of Pipa girl's life, combined with the poet's own blow on her official career, she sang the voice of "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ”。 Social unrest, the indifference of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings of frustration are all poured into the poem.

Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful and distinctive language with musical sense, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained by hearing; The natural scenery and parting of the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.

In this poem, the poet made great efforts to shape the image of the pipa girl, profoundly reflecting the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expressing the feeling that "neither of us is happy-we will grow old forever".

At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing guests off in autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I asked for a voice "secretly asking" and "moving the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out with his mask half open. This kind of echo and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "doomsday reduction"

Then through the description of the music played by the pipa girl, the inner world of the pipa girl is revealed. First of all, there is love in the unfinished music, and then there are strings, sounds and readings, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.

Then, she went on to write about the life of the pipa girl: her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "the beauty envied by all major dancers", and the teenagers in Kyoto were "bound heads" and "a song has countless red silks".

However, the description of time, such as resentment, longing and crying, and her "singing every night, beauty withers", finally had to "marry a businessman's wife" These songs complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of pipa girl.

Finally, the poet's emotional wave was inspired by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed: "We are all unhappy-we meet forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Expressed the feelings of being in the same boat and helping each other in the same boat. Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere.

They are all endless themes. Like a surging river, it is undulating and enduring. Repeatedly chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is forceful and vivid. Like a shower, like a whisper, like a splash, like the sound of a sword, like a pearl falling on a jade plate, like the bottom of a flower. These sound like it, as if they were in the air.

Second, the author's anecdotes and allusions

Homebrewed wine

Bai Juyi's home-brewed wine is of high quality. The history of Bai Juyi's wine-making is not only recorded, but even today, the story of "Bai Juyi's wine-making New Year's Eve to enjoy his neighbors" has been circulated in Weibei for generations.

Flat mouth and thin waist

Plain mouth and thin waist, storing prostitutes for fun, began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, more common in the Tang Dynasty. In order to get rid of the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged himself with prostitutes' music and poems. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems, among which Xiaoman and Su Fan are the most famous.

When Bai Juyi was in his sixties, he was paralyzed by the wind, so he sold the good horse and asked Su Fan to leave him to get married. However, his horse brayed and could not bear to leave. Su Fan also shed tears.

But when Bai Juyi was 70 years old, Su Fan and Xiaoman left.

Stories of collecting books

In the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar, a secretary, a provincial school bookkeeper and a captain of Jixian, and participated in organizing the National Library. After that, I graduated from Hanlin University. Yuanhe was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for ten years. Literati acceded to the throne and moved to the ministers of the Ministry of Punishment. Wu Zongshi is the minister of punishments. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Xiangshan, Luoyang and became a layman in Xiangshan. He made outstanding contributions to the development of realistic poetry.

When sorting out the books of Jixian Academy, he had access to a large number of books, which had a great influence on his literary creation. Private libraries are quite rich, and there is a library building called "Chibei Library".