What I wrote earlier (what I want to share most is the highly operational "evidence-based" demand survey and effect evaluation): Even though the current "evidence-based" social work service has been criticized, from a practical point of view, it is still a direction of social work development, especially for the prevailing managerialism and professionalism. The former is the buyer's expectation and accountability for input and output, and social work is not needed to prove the effectiveness of the service. The latter is the requirement of establishing professional autonomy and discourse power, and it is urgent for professional social workers to prove the rationality and effectiveness of their practice methods. This can be regarded as the crisis of effectiveness and rationality that China needs to face in the early stage of social work development. Evidence-based social work has become an important magic weapon to deal with these two crises because of its extensive and effective practice based on community and demand. And the following, I'm just a porter. The content is about "evidence-based" demand research and effect evaluation. I think it is very practical and structured, so I extract it and hope it can be used in the future. Looking back on my practical experience in the past two years and comparing my recent reading experience, I clearly realize that I am an advocate of "evidence-based" social work services.

1. An empirical survey of service demand —— Taking Jinhua Street community pension service project in Guangzhou as an example

I think it can be summarized as: quality combination, direct and indirect.

(1) Indirectness (I personally think this part is also very important)

1. Literature research: through the introduction of experts and supervisors, collect the experience and methods of developing community home care services in Hong Kong adjacent to Guangzhou, and review the development theory and demand theory of the elderly.

2. Second-hand data analysis: Through communication with local street cadres, we can understand the demographic information of the local elderly population, including age, gender, socio-economic status, education, living environment, family structure, etc. (mainly from the data of the sixth national census).

② Direct.

1. Quantification-Questionnaire survey: In order to collect information more systematically, a demand questionnaire was designed in the process of demand assessment and distributed in a convenient sampling way, such as inviting elderly residents to fill it out during community activities and home visits.

2. Qualitative analysis

(1) Interview with key people: Interview with local people who provide old-age services (such as street directors in charge of civil affairs, neighborhood committees, home-based care workers, staff in nursing homes, and heads of elderly activity centers). Understand the needs and services of the elderly.

(2) Participatory evaluation (I think this point can be more thorough. Learn from PRA, really mobilize the community elders to participate in the service design, respect local knowledge, and make "dialogue" possible): Social workers go deep into the community to carry out service activities, including community visits (especially the gathering places for the elderly, such as formal activity centers for the elderly, informal block parks, big banyan trees, etc. ), community street garden interaction, home visits and other forms of activities, so as to get in touch with the clients in the activities and observe and understand.

(3) Community observation: Social workers walk into community streets to observe and understand the living environment, hardware facilities and living habits of the elderly residents in the community. (This can be presented by community resource map and community problem map, and PRA tool can be used. )

The frame in the above picture.

Second, the effect evaluation of evidence-based projects —— Taking the three-year effect evaluation of "Youth Zone" project in Haizhu District of Guangzhou as an example

research method

1. sampling survey: the project service effect satisfaction scale includes three dimensions: hardware satisfaction evaluation, employee satisfaction evaluation and service quality satisfaction evaluation.

2. In-depth interview: Respondents need to include:

(1) service object: the reasons for accepting services, the types of services accepted and the impact of these services on them.

(2) Project directors and front-line social workers: their ideas, strategies and methods in the service scheme design and service process, and how to treat the influence of their participation on the service effect.

(3) Project partners: school leaders, teachers of the Student Affairs Office or the Youth League Committee, secretary of the street party committee, secretary of the Youth League Committee, etc. To understand their impressions and attitudes towards the "Youth Zone" project, so as to summarize the effectiveness and influence of the "Youth Zone" project in communities, schools and families.

3. Focus group interview: Conduct three focus group interviews with teenagers to understand their service needs and experience, understand the impact of the project on them, put forward opinions and suggestions on the service of the "Youth Zone" project, understand what skills or methods are effective in the actual service process, and collect the successful experience of front-line social workers.

(b) Effectiveness evaluation and analysis framework

1. demographic characteristics of customers: explore the accessibility differences of adolescents with different ages, education and family status.

2. Sampling survey of service effect satisfaction: through the satisfaction of service objects with service facilities, service personnel and service quality, the service experience and improvement space of service users are discussed.

3. Total output of three-year service: discuss the cost-benefit of service, that is, the input-output ratio.

4. Results-impact of services: 5 levels.

(1) On the level of individual growth, for example, teenagers have established self-esteem and self-confidence, and teenagers have developed multiple intelligences.

(2) Group level: for example, promoting teenagers' integration into society, building a platform for teenagers' interpersonal communication, and guiding teenagers to develop the spirit of helping others.

(3) Parents of teenagers: Establish a correct concept of educating their children and use correct educational methods.

(4) School level: preventing and solving students' problems and assisting school management.

(5) Community level: improve the happiness of vulnerable groups.

Look at the picture again, and you can see it at a glance.

(3) Discussion

Even though the above-mentioned service effect evaluation has a complete framework and rich data, it is a multi-dimensional analysis of the project effect based on empirical data. However, we still can't ignore the shortcomings in the above-mentioned effect evaluation: First, the effect evaluation is mostly based on qualitative analysis data, lacking quantitative measurement, such as the comparison of teenagers' self-confidence, and it is impossible to determine which factors promote some effects. This problem exists in many achievements. However, if all services can realize the pre-test and post-test problems in the development process and do them well in time, it will be more convincing in the final effect evaluation; Secondly, the data used in the cost-benefit analysis are only simple statistical data. Because it is difficult to optimize human and other resources, managers still cannot accurately calculate the cost of the project. To be honest, I haven't seen a set of knowledge about the distribution of human resources in social services for the time being. After all, the work of being a man is endless, and it is difficult to define the length of various services.