1, interplanting and seedling fixing:
Reasonable close planting is one of the important factors to obtain high yield of beans, especially in the case of low emergence rate, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time to make up for the shortage, keep 2-3 strong seedlings in each hole, and plant about 5000 plants per mu. Spacing and seedling fixing of beans should be carried out within 4-5 days after emergence, so as to reduce root breakage and improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.
2, all branches lead vines:
When the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, the vine should be set up in time. In order to facilitate the shelf and future management of beans, a herringbone bracket should be set up. The time of drawing vines should be chosen after 10 in sunny morning to reduce broken vines. When drawing the vine, the bean vine should be wound counterclockwise on the hedge bamboo. Beans mainly bear pods on the main vine, so the side branches below the first inflorescence of the main vine should be picked to increase the inflorescence number and pod number of the main vine and improve the yield of beans. When the plant grows too vigorously and affects ventilation and light transmission, the old leaves and diseased leaves at the base should be properly removed to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
3. Rational fertilization:
Beans are not tolerant to fertilizer, and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause vain growth. Beans like phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Therefore, properly controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can promote the growth and yield of beans.
(1) Sufficient base fertilizer: per mu 1000- 1500 kg decomposed farmyard manure +30 kg compound fertilizer +20 kg calcium superphosphate.
⑵ Apply seedling fertilizer lightly: beans need less fertilizer before flowering and pod setting, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to excessive growth. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should be less than more. 750 kg of 10% light manure water can be applied every 5-7 days after emergence to promote the growth of seedlings, and then 10-20% manure water can be applied once according to the specific seedling situation until flowering and pod setting.
(3) Re-application of pod-setting fertilizer: Kidney beans consume a lot of nutrients, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, during flowering and pod-setting. Therefore, topdressing15-20kg compound fertilizer+10/0kg calcium superphosphate+5kg potassium fertilizer per mu 3-4 days before flowering can promote flowering and pod setting. At the peak of pod growth, topdressing should be carried out again, and compound fertilizer 15-25 kg should be applied per mu. After the full pod period, 30-50% of human excrement and urine water can be topdressing according to the plant growth to promote "flower transfer", prolong the harvest period and increase the yield of beans.
4. Water management:
During the whole growth period of beans, the water demand is gradually increasing, especially at the seedling stage. Border field needs a lot of water, which is easy to cause root rot and seedling death. After flowering and pod setting, the water demand increases, and the soil should be kept moist. In case of dry weather, water should be sprayed or irrigated in time to reduce flower drop, improve fruit setting rate and increase yield.
5, pest control:
(1) prevention and control of major diseases: use 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1500 times solution or 25% mirex 3000 times solution to prevent and control rust; Use 1500 times 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 800 times 50% carbendazim wettable powder to control leaf spot. Spraying 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 400 times solution of 50% thiophanate-methyl to control Fusarium wilt. Using 77% Cody wettable powder 500 times or 64% antiviral alum wettable powder 600 times to control coal mold.
(2) Prevention and control of main pests: using 90% crystal trichlorfon 800- 1000 times, 50% chlorpyrifos EC 800 times or Bacillus thuringiensis 500-800 times to control stem borers; Use 2000 times solution of 50% pirimicarb wettable powder or 2500 times solution of 10% imidacloprid to control the bean aphid; Use 800- 1000 times of 48% Oxfam emulsifiable concentrate or 1000 times of 50% malathion emulsifiable concentrate to control liriomyza sativae.
6, timely harvesting:
The flowering and pod setting time of beans is short, and young pods can be harvested in 10- 12 days. The premise of harvesting is that the beans are full and the seeds are just exposed. Harvesting too early, reducing yield, and harvesting too late will easily lead to pod fibrosis, leading to quality decline and affecting sales. Therefore, the pods should be harvested in time to ensure the yield, quality and economic benefits.