(1) sodium intake: low-salt diet should be adopted when edema occurs, so as not to aggravate edema. Generally, the daily salt intake should not exceed 2g. Pickling food should be prohibited, and monosodium glutamate and alkali should be used less. When the edema subsides and the plasma protein is close to normal, the normal diet can be resumed.

(2) protein intake: In renal failure syndrome, a large amount of plasma protein is excreted from urine, and human protein is reduced, so it is in a state of malnutrition in protein. Hypoalbuminemia reduces the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, which leads to persistent edema and decreased body resistance. Therefore, in the case of renal failure, high-quality protein diet (1 ~ 1.5g/kg *) should be given at the early and extreme stages. This is helpful to relieve hypoproteinemia and some complications caused by it. But high protein diet can increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, and make glomerular capillaries in a state of high pressure. At the same time, intake of a large amount of protein can also increase proteinuria and accelerate glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, patients with chronic nonpolar renal failure syndrome should take a small amount of high-quality protein (0.7 ~ 1g/kg * d), and patients with chronic renal failure should take a low-protein diet (0.65g/kg*d).

(3) Fat intake: Patients with renal failure syndrome are often accompanied by hyperlipidemia, which can cause arteriosclerosis, glomerular injury and sclerosis. Therefore, the intake of foods rich in cholesterol and fat such as animal viscera, fat meat and some seafood should be restricted.

(4) Supplementation of trace elements: Due to the increased permeability of glomerular basement membrane in patients with renal failure syndrome, in addition to losing a lot of protein in urine, some trace elements and hormones combined with protein are also lost, resulting in the lack of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements in the human body, which should be supplemented appropriately. Generally, you can eat vegetables, fruits, miscellaneous grains and seafood rich in vitamins and trace elements to supplement. Eat more fruits and vegetables.

Attention in daily life:

1. Eat light and digestible food, and avoid seafood, beef and mutton, spicy food, wine and all hair products such as spiced aniseed, coffee and coriander.

2. Prevent colds, avoid catching cold, do not eat health food, and take tonic to prevent aggravation of excessive internal heat.

3. People with severe edema should avoid salt, limit food intake in protein and drink less water. If the edema is not serious, you can drink low sodium salt; No edema, no restriction on drinking water and protein food intake.

4. Hematuria under microscope is easy to get angry, drink plenty of water, eat more foods such as apples, sugar, black sesame seeds and fungus to nourish yin and reduce fire. 5. People with high blood potassium should not eat high-priced foods, such as seafood, mushrooms, ham, fungus, dried fruits, cornflakes, bananas, oranges, potatoes, dried radishes, tea, soy sauce and monosodium glutamate.

6. People with high blood uric acid should not eat animal viscera, fish, shrimp, crab, mussels, beer, mushrooms, beans and spinach.

7. Patients with uremia due to renal failure should eat half a catty of milk, 1 eggs and 1 lean meat every day.

8. Patients with hypertension should take antihypertensive drugs to control their blood pressure. Those who take hormones should reduce the dose under the guidance of a doctor. People with acidosis should take baking soda in time to correct acidosis.

9. It is forbidden to inject neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, Akebia, Ji Fang, Aristolochia and active immunization.

10. Establish confidence, insist on treatment, and keep a calm and optimistic attitude. Renal failure is a difficult and complicated clinical symptom. Closely related to diet, the following are the precautions for diet of renal failure:

When renal function declines, urinary toxins cannot be excreted, which will accumulate in the blood and cause poisoning symptoms (uremia), and also lead to excessive hydrogen, sodium and potassium ions in the body. Diet control is the basic treatment for patients with chronic renal failure, which can reduce the production of urinary toxins and maintain the minimum nutritional requirements and electrolyte balance. However, this plan is a challenge that patients and their families must strive to overcome, because they often need to give up some food to satisfy their appetite.

Principles of diet control:

1, protein intake is appropriate;

2. Take enough calories;

3. Pay attention to controlling the intake of water and salt (sodium);

4. Avoid foods high in potassium and phosphorus.

First, patients with renal failure in protein need to limit the intake of protein to reduce the burden on the kidneys, but if they eat too much, they will consume the muscles and internal organs of the body. Therefore, they must eat correct and sufficient "quantity" and "quality" protein, which should be 1 ~ 1.2g per kilogram of body weight per day, and eat high-quality and high-physiological value animal protein food. After metabolism, more nitrogen-containing waste is produced, so it is not allowed to be eaten at will, such as beans (red beans, mung beans, edamame, broad beans, edamame and pea kernels), bean products (tofu, dried bean curd and soybean milk), gluten products (gluten, sausage and roasted bran) and stone fruits (melon seeds, peanuts and peas). For vegetarians, the essential amino acids in bean products and grains are not complete enough. In order to improve the protein utilization rate of vegetarians, these foods must be eaten together to complement each other. It is better to eat egg yolk instead, and protein should take it according to the quantitative intake standard.

Second, get enough calories. When limiting the calorie intake in protein, in order to avoid insufficient calorie intake, it will increase the production of nitrogen-containing waste, which can be supplemented by eating more foods with high calorie but extremely low protein. Use vegetable oil (such as soybean and peanut oil), low-protein starch (such as sodium sulfate, white powder and lotus root starch) and sugar (such as rock sugar, honey, ginger candy and fruit candy) to make all kinds of delicious snacks, and consume 30-40 calories per kilogram of body weight every day to avoid excessive weight loss.

Third, be careful about water control. When renal failure and urination decrease, water will accumulate in the body, and the load of the cardiovascular system will increase, so there will be no vitality, edema, weight gain, cough, shortness of breath, decreased hematocrit (Hct), hypertension, heart failure, pericarditis, excessive dehydration during dialysis, and imbalance syndromes such as headache, nausea, vomiting and muscle spasm will easily occur. The daily weight gain is limited to no more than one kilogram, and the amount of drinking water is 500 ~ 700 ml of the total urine volume of the previous day. If the urine volume of the previous day was 500ml, then 500 cc+500 (7d0) ml =1000 ~1200ml, which is the amount of water that can be drunk all day, including boiled water, porridge, milk, soup and drinks. Avoid drinking a lot of water. You can rinse your mouth with ice water, chew gum or squeeze a little lemon juice to relieve thirst. Try to concentrate on drinking soup and reduce the amount of water.

Fourth, pay attention to the control of salt. When renal failure occurs, water and salt can't be discharged, which is easy to cause edema and aggravate hypertension. Patients should eat no more than 5 grams of salt every day. 1 g (1/5 tea soup) salt = 6/5 tea soup soy sauce = 1 tea soup monosodium glutamate, so the above seasonings contain salt and cannot be added at will; You can use sugar, onion, ginger and garlic to improve the taste. Foods high in sodium, such as processed canned food, pickled and smoked products, sauces, pickles, pickles and fast food, should be restricted. If you have a bad appetite, there is no need to limit salt. Take nutrition as the premise, and then limit salt until you have a good appetite and sufficient nutrition.

5. Beware of high potassium ions. Because potassium ions cannot be excreted from severely damaged kidneys, it will cause "hyperkalemia", which can cause numbness of fingers, fatigue, weakness of limbs, chest tightness, stiff tongue, difficulty in speaking, loss of consciousness, arrhythmia or cardiac arrest in severe cases. The causes of hyperkalemia include: 1, inadequate dialysis; 2, no appetite; 3, constipation; 4. When ingesting foods and vegetables with high potassium content, peel them and cut them into small pieces, boil them in plenty of water for 3-5 minutes, and then fry them in oil; Coffee, tea, chicken essence and traditional Chinese medicine juice contain high potassium content, which will cause hyperkalemia. High-potassium vegetables: green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, water spinach, amaranth and lettuce), mushrooms, laver, kelp, carrots and potatoes. Fruits with high potassium content: bananas, tomatoes, dates, oranges, Liu Ding, mangoes, persimmons, cantaloupes, grapefruit and carambola (easy to burp). It is suggested to give priority to one fruit at a time, and the appropriate amount is about 1/6. Low-potassium fruits: pineapple, papaya, watermelon, pear, strawberry, lemon, etc. But it is not suitable for eating a lot.

6. Maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals in the body, which can maintain the good growth of bones and teeth and make neuromuscular functions normal. When calcium is insufficient, you should eat more milk, calcium tablets and vitamin D, which can reduce the occurrence of secondary hyperthyroidism. Phosphorus is ubiquitous in all foods containing protein. In order to have enough nutrition intake and reduce the absorption of phosphorus, only when eating, bite aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate and other phosphorus binders to combine phosphorus in food. Pay attention to high-phosphorus foods: eat whole grains and products (such as brown rice, germ rice, whole wheat bread), internal organs (liver, kidney, brain), stone fruits (peanuts, cashews, walnuts) and sauce products (peanut butter), chocolate, egg yolk, milk and dairy products.

Seven, eat less "aluminum and purine" food to avoid aluminum poisoning and gout. High aluminum diet: 1, tea; 2. cheese; 3. make tea; 4, hair cake; 5. Cook in an aluminum container. High purine diet: 1, gravy; 2, lentils; 3. thick soup; 4. Lean meat and duck meat; 5. brain; 6. mushrooms; 7, internal organs (liver, kidney, heart); 8. sardines; 9. eels; 10, asparagus. 1 1, chronic nephritis; Diet; Medical care; Diet regulation of patients with chronic renal failure is a very important part of the treatment principle, and cases of illness deterioration or even death caused by careless diet are often seen in clinic. What should patients with renal failure eat?

First, patients with chronic renal failure who should eat soft food and avoid hard food and fried food are often in a state of gastrointestinal mucosal congestion and erosion due to toxins staying in the body and blood microcirculation disorder. For example, eating hard food and fried food, such as sesame cake candy and fried noodles pit, often causes food to cut the blood vessels in the stomach and cause bleeding. Because of coagulation dysfunction in patients with chronic renal failure and uremia, if bleeding is difficult to stop, it will lead to death.

Second, the diet should be light and avoid spicy food.

The gastrointestinal mucosa of patients with chronic renal failure and uremia is often in a state of hyperemia and erosion, such as eating irritating foods such as pepper and white wine, which will often aggravate the erosion of gastrointestinal mucosa and lead to blood vessels oozing from the inner wall of the stomach.

Third, be careful when eating meat products such as dogs, sheep and cattle. Chinese medicine believes that dog meat, mutton and beef are all hair products, which are easy to cause recurrence or aggravation of diseases. Clinically, it is true that patients with renal failure caused by systemic lupus erythematosus or chronic nephritis get worse or even die after eating beef and mutton. Whether it is coincidence remains to be further observed, but patients with chronic renal failure should not eat such meat products.

Wonderful prescription for treating acute renal failure;

Mild episodes of acute renal failure are common, while more severe acute renal failure (such as acute renal failure caused by glomerulonephritis) is extremely rare. A simple recipe for treating acute renal failure: (1) 30g rhubarb, 30g Sophora japonica and 30g cassia twig are decocted in water to remove residues. Retention enema, 65438+ 0-2 doses per day. (2) Decocting 30g of Scutellaria barbata, 30g of oyster, 20g of rhubarb and 20g of cooked aconite root in water, and removing residues. Retention enema, 65438+ 0-2 doses per day. (3) When oliguria occurs, take 30g of Semen Plantaginis, wrap it in cloth and decoct it, then add stem rice 100g and cook it into porridge. (4) During the period of polyuria, you can take 500g of black beans, 50g of longan pulp/kloc-0, 50g of jujube, and take 1 dose of water in the morning and evening. (5) In the period of polyuria, 3 grams of ginseng and 3 slices of walnut kernel can be taken and decocted in water for one hour, and served with soup. (6) Crush 5-7 snails and apply them to Guanyuan point. (7) 60 grams of fresh plantain and 60 grams of fresh lotus root are mashed to get juice once. (8) Captive cypress12g, Agkistrodon, Hedyotis diffusa 30g, Scrophularia 30g, decocted in water and then hot compressed.

Dietary recipes for renal failure

Chronic kidney disease 1, two-stage diet 1, 45 kg body weight; 0.75 kg body weight per day, 30 kcal body weight daily calorie protein 34 g, calorie 1350 kcal breakfast: milk 125 ml, bread 50 g, lotus root starch 30 g lunch: rice 75 g onion fried mutton: mutton 50 g, onion 100 g, sunflower seed oil/kloc. Dinner: 50g steamed bread, 200ml white rice porridge, fried wheat 170g, sunflower oil 10g, salt 0.5g, 50kg, protein 38g, heat 1500kcal. Breakfast: boiled eggs. 5ml of soy sauce, 1 g of salt and15ml of soybean oil Dinner: hot noodle soup:100g of noodles (30g of wheat flour+70g of wheat starch); Tomato 30g, egg 10g, vegetable-roasted eggplant 150g, soybean oil 15ml, salt 1g, fruit watermelon 100g, weight 55kg, calories 1650kcal, protein 42g breakfast. Meal: apple 1 lunch: 75g of rice (raw weight), boiled chicken 100g, and 250g of vegetable roasted melon. Meal: yogurt 130ml. Dinner: steamed bread (wheat starch 70g, wheat flour 30g), roasted grass carp 40g, and roasted vegetables 200g. Starch 10g) 300ml all day: salt no more than 3g, vegetable oil 30g, weight 60kg, calories 1800kcal, protein 45g breakfast: milk 250ml, steamed bread 50g, vegetable fried bitter gourd 200g, chicken wings 35g( 1) and rice 65430. Corn germ oil 15 ml, salt 1 g, fruit watermelon 100 g Dinner: smoked dry fried celery with dried bean curd 25 g, celery 200 g, rice 100 g, salt 2 g, vegetarian fried lentils: lentils 200 g, egg tomato soup (egg.