The source of heat energy is provided by carbohydrate and proper amount of fat (75% and 20% respectively). Refined starch, monosaccharide and disaccharide foods are more suitable. For example, the protein content of wheat starch, lotus root starch, water chestnut, vermicelli, vermicelli and bean jelly is very low, especially the protein content of wheat starch is extremely low, which can be made into noodles, pancakes, pies, steamed buns, steamed cakes and instant noodles such as jiaozi. The protein content of other foods such as potato, taro, taro, pumpkin and lotus root is also lower than that of rice, flour and corn.

2. Water and electrolyte are suitable.

If there are no symptoms such as hypertension and edema, you can eat a low-salt diet. Cooking salt should not exceed1~ 2g per day, and water should not be strictly limited. If there is hypertension and edema, the limit of sodium salt should be below 25 mg per kilogram of body weight, and the limit of water can be determined according to the amount of urine and sweat throughout the day. For children with mild renal insufficiency, there is no need to strictly limit the intake of potassium salt. When the condition is serious and the urine output is low, it should be restricted appropriately, and some foods with low potassium content can be selected.

3. Limit the intake of phosphorus.

Children with chronic renal insufficiency often have high blood phosphorus and low blood calcium. If it continues, it will inevitably affect the development of bones and cause renal rickets. Therefore, attention should be paid to limiting the intake of phosphorus in the diet as soon as possible. Milk and dairy products, lean meat and beans are rich in phosphorus and should not be eaten more. In addition, some calcium tablets should be added, such as calcium carbonate, calcium lactate or calcium gluconate (calcium content is 40%, 12% and 8% respectively). Calcium chloride is acidic and not suitable.

4. Limit the intake of protein.

This is a rather contradictory thing. Protein is the most important nutrient for children's growth and development. If it is too early or strictly restricted, it will be detrimental to the growth of children. Therefore, we should grasp the opportunity according to the clinical symptoms and blood urea nitrogen level. Restricting protein's intake is mainly to restrict plant protein (low biological value). Protein, a high-quality animal, should be properly supplied. Protein 1 ~ 2g/kg body weight per day for patients with moderate renal insufficiency (2 ~ 3g is appropriate for normal children). Severe renal insufficiency is 0 per kilogram of body weight per day. 6 ~ 1g supply.

5. others.

Chronic renal insufficiency is often complicated with anemia. Due to various dietary restrictions, hematopoietic raw materials often cannot meet the needs, so folic acid, vitamin B and vitamin D must be supplemented. The diet should be easy to digest and eat less crude fiber to reduce the irritation to the gastrointestinal tract.

Generally speaking, renal insufficiency will bring great harm to patients, and in order to reduce the harm caused by renal insufficiency, besides active treatment, patients should also pay special attention to diet.