How and when to plant soybeans.
The planting time of soybean varies according to the weather, and it is generally divided into spring sowing and summer sowing. Spring sowing is carried out around Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the harvest period is September (August of the lunar calendar). Sow the wheat in summer after harvest, and harvest it from late September to mid-10. In addition, there is another kind of soybean in the northeast, which is sown later, but the harvest time has nothing to do with it. In northern China, spring soybeans are sown from April to May, yellow summer soybeans are sown in June after wheat harvest, southern summer soybeans are generally sown from May to early June, and autumn soybeans are sown from late July to early August.
Soybean pre-sowing treatment
1. Pre-sowing land preparation: Pre-sowing land preparation includes soil ploughing, harrowing, ploughing, etc. Different soil preparation techniques have different soil preparation before sowing, such as flat turning, ridge planting, harrowing and subsoiling.
2. Irrigation before sowing: For plots with poor soil moisture before sowing, if irrigation conditions permit, soybean can be irrigated 1 time 1 ~ 2 days before sowing, and the soil can be soaked after sowing to facilitate seed germination.
3. Closed weeding: If large-scale soybean planting is not managed in time, weeds will be seriously harmed. Before sowing, herbicide is often sprayed mechanically and closed weeding is carried out in the field.
4. Seed selection: The improved soybean varieties have high germination rate and germination potential, and the seedlings are neat and robust. Before sowing, the diseased, moth-eaten, small, scraped and broken petals should be picked out.
5. Seed treatment: the dosage of common soybean seeds is 0. 1 ~ 0. 15 {BF} octanol or 0.7 {BF} magic powder or 0.3 ~ 0.4 {BF} carbendazim plus thiram or 0.3 ~ 0.5 {BF} carbendazim plus cardan for seed dressing.
Fine sowing
Reasonable rotation: it is best to choose the right stubble, not heavy, and plant it in advance.
Careful soil preparation: ploughing in summer and autumn according to the previous crop, with a depth of 22-25 cm. When operating, there will be no big clods, no exposed strips or blocks, and the keys are important, not heavy and not leaking.
Soil moisture: After soil preparation, the soil moisture (dry soil weight {BF}) should be about 22 {BF} during sowing to ensure the normal water absorption and germination of seeds.
Sowing in time: Sowing soybeans in summer can be done after wheat is harvested as long as the water content is suitable. The best sowing date is June 10 ~ 25, and no later than early July.
Tiantuan management
Mowing and intertillage:
1, hoes are everywhere before the first compound leaf, so that the seedlings can be hoed without hurting them and loosening the soil.
2. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, carry out the second intertillage to avoid damaging the seedling, pressing the seedling or leaking grass.
3. After the second intertillage 10 days or so, for the third time, it becomes deep and loose.
Weeding before seedling:
The most commonly used broad-spectrum herbicides in production are propafenone and clomazone, which are effective against many gramineous and broad-leaved weeds in soybean fields. Dosage: 5 {BF} Puster water agent, with the dosage of1.5-2kg per hectare; 48 {BF} clomazone EC, with a dosage of 2-2.5 kg per hectare. Pust, tribenuron-methyl and clomazone can remain in the soil for a long time, so special attention should be paid to the phytotoxicity of the following crops.
Weeding after seedling:
1, Herbicide type Herbicide suitable for early emergence: At present, the most widely used herbicide in production is Pushi. When weeds are first unearthed, they are generally not later than the second compound leaf stage of soybeans. At the early stage of emergence, use 5 {BF} Pusht aqueous solution, and the dosage of Pusht is per hectare 1- 1.5 kg, which should not exceed 1.5 kg. Choose the weather with high humidity before and after rainfall, and avoid high temperature and dry noon and windy weather.
2. The dosage of Nabujing emulsion is 12 {BF}, and the dosage per hectare is1-1.5 kg; Fine grass 1.5 {BF}, and the dosage per hectare is 0.75-1kg; 5 {BF} Jingcaoke EC and 24 {BF} Kekuole EC, with the dosage of 0.33-0.75 kg per hectare.
3. The application period is suitable for herbicides in the late stage of emergence, and it is generally applied in the period of 2-3 soybean leaves. When the soil moisture is good in spring, pesticides can be applied earlier, and the lower limit is generally used. In spring drought, the application can be delayed appropriately, and the dosage is generally the upper limit.
Summer sowing technology
Irrigation before sowing: For plots with poor soil moisture and irrigation conditions, 1 time can be irrigated before sowing to facilitate seed germination after sowing. Combined with irrigation for closed weeding in the field.
Sowing date: Sowing soybean in summer is very important because its growing season is short. Sowing in time, high seedling rate, neat and robust seedlings, good growth and development, and thick stems.
Reasonable close planting: reasonable close planting is to correctly handle the relationship between individuals and groups under the local and specific conditions at that time, so as to maximize the development of groups and individuals; Make full use of light energy and soil fertility per unit area; Under the same planting conditions, comparative economic benefits can be obtained. You can sow on the ridge, increase the sowing area, and make the soybean taste better.
Autumn sowing technology
Soil preparation: after ploughing, divide the paddy field into compartments with a width of 2-3 meters, a row spacing of 3 meters and a hole spacing of 0.33 meters. 2-3 capsules per hole, with a density of about 30,000 plants per mu.
Sowing in time: Generally, sow before August 10, and the sowing amount per mu is 8- 10 kg.
Rational fertilization: 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer are used as cover seed fertilizer per mu; At the initial flowering stage, depending on the seedling situation, 3-5kg urea should be topdressing per mu, 40-50kg clear liquid of 2 {BF} calcium superphosphate should be used per mu, and 30-40kg diluted liquid of 0.05 {BF} ammonium molybdate should be used per mu for foliar spraying. Or spraying 0. 1 {BF} borax solution on the leaves to improve grain plumpness.
Field management: In case of high temperature during sowing, irrigation should be carried out after sowing. If the water content is insufficient after sowing, it can be watered at night. Seedlings should be fixed at intervals in the three-leaf stage. Generally, the planting density is 30,000-40,000 plants per mu, and 6-8 kilograms of urea should be applied in time per mu after planting. Timely intertillage weeding, generally 2-3 times intertillage weeding, can also be ridged.
A new measure to increase soybean yield 1, removing core and promoting branching. When spring soybean grows two cotyledons, remove the undeployed true leaves (also called seedling coring). After picking, the double main plants can grow rapidly on the nodes at the base of the stem. At the same time, denucleation can transfer nutrients to new branches, accelerate their growth, and make the stems robust and the branches lush. After denucleation, the yield can generally be increased by about 20%.
2. Apply lime to increase flowers and pods. Calcium is an indispensable nutrient element in soybean growth. Adding lime can effectively promote plant growth and increase the number of flowers and pods, which can generally increase the yield by more than 15%. Before flowering, apply 25 ~ 30 kilograms of lime per mu, and apply it when the border soil is wet after rain.
3. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium to promote grain weight. Phosphorus and potassium can assist normal flowering and pollination of soybean, promote seed fullness and increase 100-seed weight. From flowering to pod setting, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 120 g is applied per mu, and 70 kg of water is sprayed. If the leaves are too yellow, adding 0.5 kg urea per mu, spraying once every 5 ~ 7 days and spraying 2 ~ 3 times can increase the yield by about 25%.
4. Spray sodium to increase production. Spraying 300 grams of sodium sulfite and 60 kilograms of water at the initial flowering stage of spring soybean can inhibit respiration, reduce excessive consumption of photosynthetic products and increase dry matter accumulation. This method can generally increase the yield by more than 30%, and can mature 3 ~ 5 days in advance.
How to plant soybeans is introduced here. For more soybean information, please pay attention to the "Plant House" in the official account of WeChat.