65438+ was first cultivated in Sichuan from late October to February in1,transplanted from late March to early April, and harvested from early August to late October in1. Old roots can be used for reproduction in the future.

Because the row spacing of bergamot plants is wide and the plants close late, it is suitable for intercropping with vegetables with short growth period and stubble in the early stage. In order to reduce the harm of underground pests, it is advisable to plant them in different places for 3 ~ 4 years.

(2) Variety selection

Choose varieties with disease resistance, high quality, high yield, good commodity and suitable for market demand. Usually choose green varieties with strong stress resistance and high yield.

(3) Raising seedlings

① Preparation before sowing

Conservation facilities: use conservation facilities such as cold beds or hotbeds; Fill nutrient soil with large film tube or flowerpot (diameter 20-30cm, height 20cm); Disinfect the facilities to create environmental conditions suitable for the growth and development of seedlings.

Nutrient soil preparation: 20% fine sandy soil can be mixed with 50% vegetable garden soil and 30% decomposed compost, and the water content is about 20%.

Selection of seed melon: the whole melon is generally used for the first seedling raising. We should choose early and middle ripe melons about 30 days after pollination. The weight of a single melon is about 250 grams, and the skin is smooth, without pests and mechanical damage.

Seed melon treatment: wrap the seed melon in plastic bags and put it at 15 ~ 20℃ to accelerate germination. When the seed melon grows more roots and buds appear at the top, it can be sown and planted.

2 sowing.

Sowing date: Sichuan 65438+ Pingba District1It is suitable for sowing from late October to February.

Seedling raising method: each pot 1 melon, with seeds facing upwards, planted vertically or obliquely, covered with 4 ~ 6 cm nutrient soil. Water after sowing, the soil should be moist, and the temperature should be kept at 20 ~ 30℃ to grow big seedlings; You can also choose the grain-producing area with the leeward facing the sun as the seedbed, and make pits with the length, width and depth of 30cm. Raise seedlings according to the above method.

③ Seedling management

Temperature: The day and night temperature in the bed should be kept at 20 ~ 25℃, 10 ~ 12℃. Ventilation in time, close the greenhouse film to keep warm at night.

Moisture: Generally, do not water before emergence, and then water the leaves after withering, so as to avoid excessive growth and rot.

Standard for strong seedlings: thick and short stems, dark green leaves, stretched and stout, developed roots, no pests and mechanical damage.

(4) Colonization

① Choose loam with deep soil layer, convenient irrigation and drainage and rich organic matter for soil preparation and base fertilizer application, and the suitable soil is slightly acidic. Before planting 10 ~ 15 days, dig cultivation holes with length, width and depth 1 m according to the plant spacing, and backfill the dug soil into the holes about 1/3. Apply 100 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kg of plant ash and a proper amount of calcium superphosphate to each hole, and fully and evenly mix with the hole soil. Cover the upper layer with topsoil with a thickness of 65,438+0.5 ~ 20 cm, and slightly suppress it so that the soil surface in the pond is lower than the ground for irrigation and soil cultivation.

② timely colonization

When the ground temperature at 10 cm stably passes through 12℃, plant. The basin is generally from late March to early April. When planting, each nest 1 plant should be cultivated with soil rows, planted in the topsoil in the nest, and watered with sufficient root water. Generally, 30 ~ 40 plants are planted every 667m2.

(5) Site management

(1) properly control water at the initial stage of watering to promote root system penetration. In the hot season, it grows rapidly and needs a lot of water, so it needs to be watered frequently. Rhizosphere can be covered with 10 ~ 20 cm straw or wheat straw. After autumn, the plant growth is obviously accelerated, but it is still dominated by vegetative growth. When the fruit enters the flowering and fruiting period, especially about 10 day after flowering and pollination, the fruit grows rapidly and needs a lot of water, so the watering times should be increased. Bergamot should avoid water accumulation on the ground and drain water in time after heavy rain.

(2) Due to sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing is generally not needed before June, and it is divided into three times, which are carried out in early June, mid-July and early and mid-August respectively. For the first time, 5 kg of human excrement, 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate or 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer were applied to each plant in an annular ditch 30 ~ 40 cm away from the plant, and then watered and covered with soil. The second and third topdressing should be carried out at a distance of 60 ~ 70 cm from the plant, and the amount of topdressing should be appropriately increased according to the plant growth. When the bergamot enters the flowering and fruiting stage, it can be topdressing outside the roots and spraying 1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea solution for about 10 days.

(3) scaffolding in time. After the seedlings survive, scaffolding in time. Each workshop has a scaffold with a height of 2 meters and an area of about 20 meters, and a conjoined scaffold with a height of 2 meters can also be built. It is advisable to plant marketable shade-tolerant vegetables under the melon frame to improve the benefit.

(4) Put vines on the shelves. After the vines grow, they should be put on the shelves in time. Each top 65438 vine should be +0 ~ 2, and all other side vines should be eliminated.

⑤ The seed vines and sun vines of bergamot bear fruit earlier. After the main vines are put on the shelves, they should be picked in time to promote the occurrence and growth of seed vines. If necessary, the heart of seed vines can be removed to promote the occurrence of sun vines, and at the same time, the leading vines can be evenly distributed on the shelf surface. If the number of lateral branches is too much, the branches should be thinned properly so as to bear fruit early and increase yield.

(6) Harvest and post-harvest treatment

① The commercial melons can be harvested about 20 days after flowering, and the weight of a single melon is about 250 grams. When harvesting, they should be cut off from the handle with scissors to avoid damaging the vines.

(2) After the damaged melons and deformed melons are removed by post-harvest treatment, the melons are classified and packaged according to their size, shape and color. Packaging containers should be flat, smooth and firm, free from pollution, odor and mildew, so as to avoid secondary pollution.

(3) Old plant management: when frost comes, harvest fruits and vegetables in time, cut off the main vines at about 10 cm above the ground, and clean up the Gua Tian. The melon pit should be covered with plastic film or straw, and then covered with a layer of dry soil to ensure the safe overwintering of the underground part of the bergamot. Generally, it can be used in production for more than 10 years.